In this article we re-examine the conclusions of our article on advance statements in adult mental healthcare that was published in 2010 in the light of new literature published in the intervening decade. We explore the results of studies on the implementation and effectiveness of advance statements in adult mental health services, and then summarise recommendations for legislative changes from the Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983 that are relevant for England and Wales.

Multispectral images of leaf reflectance in the visible and near infrared region from 384 to 810 nm were used to establish the feasibility of developing a site-specific classifier to distinguish lettuce plants from weeds in California direct-seeded lettuce fields. An average crop vs. weed classification accuracy of 90.3% was obtained in a study of over 7,000 individual spectra representing 150 plants. The classifier utilized reflectance values from a small spatial area (3 mm diameter) of the leaf in order to allow the method to be robust to occlusion and to eliminate the need to identify leaf boundaries for shape-based machine vision recognition. Reflectance spectra were collected in the field using equipment suitable for real-time operation as a weed sensor in an autonomous system for automated weed control.

A series of laser pump, x-ray probe experiments show that above band gap photoexcitation can generate a large out-of-plane strain in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films. The strain decays in a time scale that is the same as the photo-induced carriers measured in an optical transient absorption spectroscopy experiment. We attribute the strain to the piezoelectric effect due to screening of the depolarization field by laser induced carriers. A strong film thickness dependence of strain and carrier relaxation is also observed, revealing the role of the carrier transport in determining the structural and carrier dynamics in complex oxide thin films.

A case is reported in which a Nucleus 22 channel cochlear implant was inserted into the basal turn of the cochlea of a patient with advanced otosclerosis. It then passed out of the anterior end of the basal turn into an otospongiotic cavity related to the cochlea. Seven electrodes were located in the basal turn and it was possible to map them sufficiently well for the patient to derive considerable benefit from the implant. The problem of implant induced facial nerve stimulation in otospongiosis is also discussed.

This paper is an interim report of our inferences about the hydrostatic structure of the Sun, following the first report of the GONG team in Science (Gough et al., 1996). That work confirms that the spherically averaged structure of the Sun is more or less in agreement with current standard solar models. However, there remain some significant deviations which we regard as important clues to the existence of dynamical phenomena which are not taken into account in standard solar modelling.

Nucleation and growth of GaN under Ga-rich conditions by molecular beam epitaxy using a nitrogen rf plasma source is shown to result in both a smoother GaN surface and a reduced inversion domain content. In addition, preliminary results of the dramatic effect of atomic hydrogen on growth kinetics for Ga-rich growth are presented.

The Cochlear Implant Programme at Manchester Royal Infirmary was established in 1988 and so far (January,1992) 38 patients have been implanted with the Nucleus 22 channel intracochlear device and one with the Ineraid device. All patients who are referred for consideration for an implant are initially seen at a preliminary cochlear implant assessment clinic conducted by an ENT surgeon. One hundred and seventy three patients attended the initial outpatient screening clinic between 1987 and January 1992. Of these 112 patients (67.6 percent) went on for further investigation regarding suitability for implantation. This paper details the aetiology and severity of deafness in these patients and explains how suitability for admission to the next stage of assessment was decided.

The study was designed to investigate the process of speech accommodation between bilinguals from two ethnolinguistic groups. It was hypothesized that the greater the amount of effort in accommodation that a bilingual speaker of one group was perceived to put into his message, the more favourably he would be perceived by listeners from another ethnic group, and also the more effort they in turn would put into accommodating back to him. Eighty bilingual English-Canadians were divided into four groups and individually tested. Ss heard on tape a French-Canadian describe a picture and they were required to sketch this while listening. Ss were made fully aware that their speaker had a choice of language for his description. The four groups heard the same male speaker describe the drawing but each in a different guise: (1) French, (2) Mix-mix, (3) Fluent English and (4) Nonfluent English. Ss were then requested to rate their speaker and his performance, and to record a description of another picture themselves for that same French-Canadian to draw later. From analyses of the ratings and the Ss' tapes, the hypotheses were confirmed and different types of accommodation noted. A theoretical framework for these results and other forms of interpersonal accommodation was suggested. (Bilingualism; social interaction; accommodation theory; Canadian French, Canadian English.)

There has recently been a growing concern within political science with the public's support for governmental institutions. To date, the research in the judicial realm — focusing extensively on the United States Supreme Court — has measured support primarily in terms of the public's evaluation of court outputs and has attempted to explain support through variables believed to function as important bases or references for these evaluations, e.g., policy orientations, political party identification, and race (Murphy and Tanenhaus, 1968a and 1968b; Dolbeare and Hammond, 1968; Dolbeare, 1967; Hirsh and Donohew, 1968). Yet the public is not especially cognizant of court decisions and the low “visibility” of judicial bodies (Dolbeare, 1967; 198-201; Barth, 1968; Jacob, 1966) would suggest that the basis of support might well be more diffuse than specific. An analysis of diffuse support might be concerned primarily with the public's general willingness to comply with judicial decrees or with its willingness to maintain judicial institutions as bodies appropriate for resolving conflicts, and only secondarily with outputs.