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78 results

Page 1 of 4

  • The Growth of Contractors in the Construction Industry: Implications for Tax Revenue

  • John Buchanan, Cameron Allan
  • Journal:
    The Economic and Labour Relations Review / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / June 2000
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2023, pp. 46-75

  • This paper is a preliminary investigation of the impact of the changing legal structures of employment on the tax system and the tax system on the structure of jobs. This issue is explored with special reference to the growth of contractor employment in the Australian construction industry. The paper shows how tax liabilities for individuals can be halved where they are deemed to be contractors. The paper estimates that in the mid 1990s this resulted in the average construction contractor paying around $6,000 a year less than equivalent PAYE workers. Losses to tax revenue could, therefore, be up $2.2 billion annually. The paper concludes that more research is required into the nexus between tax and employment structures. This dynamic has major implications for the future of work as well as the taxation system.

History, Geography and Civics
  • Teaching and Learning in the Primary Years
  • John Buchanan
  • Published online:
    12 August 2019
    Print publication:
    09 September 2013
  • History, Geography and Civics provides an in-depth and engaging introduction to teaching and learning socio-environmental education from F-6 in Australia and New Zealand. It explores the centrality of socio-environmental issues to all aspects of life and education and makes explicit links between pedagogical theories and classroom activities. Part I introduces readers to teaching and learning history, geography and environmental studies, and civics and citizenship, as well as issues in intercultural and global education. Part II explores the use of media and sources, values and attitudes, assessment and creative teaching. Each chapter provides links to the Australian Curriculum, including cross-curriculum priorities: sustainability, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander education, and Asia and Australia's engagement with Asia. History, Geography and Civics encourages the reader to consider their own beliefs, values and attitudes in relation to their teaching and includes provocations and reflective questions to foster discussion and engagement.

  • Competition of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum) with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

  • Charles E. Snipes, Gale A. Buchanan, Joe E. Street, John A. Mcguire
  • Journal:
    Weed Science / Volume 30 / Issue 5 / September 1982
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 June 2017, pp. 553-556

  • To determine the competitiveness of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. 'Stoneville 213′), experiments were conducted on a Lucedale fine sandy loam from 1978 through 1980. Common cocklebur dry weight increased with increasing density up to 16 plants/15 m of row. No further increase in dry matter occurred beyond this density. Regression analysis showed that common cocklebur produced an average of 342 kg/ha of dry weight for each plant per 15-m row. Seed-cotton yields decreased as weed density increased up to 16 common cocklebur plants/15 m of row. Regression equations revealed yield losses ranging from 72 to 115 kg/ha for hand-harvested seed cotton and 57 to 90 kg/ha for machine-harvested seed cotton for each common cocklebur plant/15 m of row. Cotton stem diameter and height were reduced by weed competition in the same manner as seed cotton yields, but reductions were not as pronounced, indicating that these parameters were not good indicators of common cocklebur competition.

  • Interaction of Prometryne and Phorate on Bean

  • John P. Parks, Bryan Truelove, Gale A. Buchanan
  • Journal:
    Weed Science / Volume 20 / Issue 1 / January 1972
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 June 2017, pp. 89-92

  • The absorption by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Black Valentine’) of 2,4-bis-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) at 1 μM concentration was increased in the presence of 10, 1, or 0.1 μM O,O-diethyl S-(ethylthio) methyl phosphorodithioate (phorate). An increase in absorption of 10 μM prometryne with addition of 1 μM phorate was recorded after 72 hr, but no increase was seen after 96 hr of absorption. Both prometryne and phorate inhibited state 3 respiration of mitochondria isolated from 6-day-old bean hypocotyls. Inhibition increased with increasing pesticide concentrations. When the pesticides were applied simultaneously, no interactions affecting state 3 respiration were observed. Neither prometryne nor phorate alone significantly affected phosphate accumulation by bean shoot mitochondria.

  • Competition of a Binary Weed System with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

  • Joe E. Street, Charles E. Snipes, John A. McGuire, Gale A. Buchanan
  • Journal:
    Weed Science / Volume 33 / Issue 6 / November 1985
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 June 2017, pp. 807-809

  • Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 213’) was grown on Lucedale fine sandy loam with sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L. ♯ CASOB) and a complex of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L. ♯ AMARE) and smooth pigweed (A. hybridus L. ♯ AMACH) in all possible combinations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeds of each species per 7.5 m of row. Seed cotton yields decreased as a quadratic function of increasing weed density. One pigweed and one sicklepod plant per 7.5 m of row reduced yields by 9 and 9.7% in 1979 and 1980, respectively. At low levels of infestation (≤4 weeds/7.5 m of row), the competitive effect of pigweed and sicklepod was additive; however, at the high densities, the competitive effect was not additive. Mechanical harvesting efficiency and cotton maturity were not decreased by any weed density. Sicklepod was more competitive than pigweed in both years.

  • Efficacy and Economics of Weed Control Methods in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

  • Charles E. Snipes, Robert H. Walker, Ted Whitwell, Gale A. Buchanan, John A. McGuire, Neil R. Martin
  • Journal:
    Weed Science / Volume 32 / Issue 1 / January 1984
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 June 2017, pp. 95-100

  • Four cultivations of cotton [Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 213′] alone failed to reduce green weed biomass or increase seed cotton yields above that of the no weed control treatment, and thus resulted in a negative net return (−200 to −450 $/ha) all 4 yr. Two cultivations plus two hand-hoeings reduced green weed biomass and increased seed cotton yields 3 out of 4 yr, thus a positive net return was produced for 3 yr ranging from 300 to 640 $/ha. Fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] alone was the most effective treatment in reducing green weed biomass and increasing seed cotton yields, and produced the highest net return, 280 to 420 $/ha for the 4-yr period. The addition of cultivation did not improve the fluometuron treatment. However, diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea)] required three supplementary cultivations to equal the single fluometuron treatment. Trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) plus three cultivations did not equal the single fluometuron treatment, although a positive net return was obtained every year. The addition of trifluralin to fluometuron also failed to improve weed control or net return over that of fluometuron alone.

  • Essential Lessons in a Potential Sarin Attack Disaster Plan for a Resource-Constrained Environment

  • Matthew John Watermeyer, Nicole Dippenaar, Nelly Clotildea Tchouambou Simo, Sean Buchanan, Abdullah Ebrahim Laher
  • Journal:
    Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 12 / Issue 2 / April 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 May 2017, pp. 249-256

  • Sarin is a potent nerve agent chemical weapon that was originally designed for military purposes as a fast-acting anti-personnel weapon that would kill or disable large numbers of enemy troops. Its potent toxicity, ease of deployment, and rapid degradation allow for rapid deployment by an attacking force, who can safely enter the area of deployment a short while after its release. Sarin has been produced and stockpiled by a number of countries, and large quantities of it still exist despite collective agreements to cease manufacture and destroy stockpiles. Sarin’s ease of synthesis, which is easily disseminated across the Internet, increases the risk that terrorist organizations may use sarin to attack civilians. Sarin has been used in a number of terrorist attacks in Japan, and more recently in attacks in the Middle East, where nonmilitary organizations have led much of the disaster relief and provision of medical care. In the present article, we examine and discuss the available literature on sarin’s historical use, delivery methods, chemical properties, mechanism of action, decontamination process, and treatment. We present a management guideline to assist with the recognition of an attack and management of victims by medical professionals and disaster relief organizations, specifically in resource-constrained and austere environments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:249–256)

  • In-School Sustainability Action: Climate Clever Energy Savers

  • John Buchanan, Sandy Schuck, Peter Aubusson
  • Journal:
    Australian Journal of Environmental Education / Volume 32 / Issue 2 / July 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 January 2016, pp. 154-173

  • The mandate for living sustainably is becoming increasingly urgent. This article reports on the Climate Clever Energy Savers (CCES) Program, a student-centred, problem- and project-based program in New South Wales, Australia, aimed at enabling school students to identify ways of reducing their schools’ electricity consumption and costs. As part of the program, students apply for Department of Education and Communities funds to address issues of electricity usage, such as building or appliance modifications, or education campaigns. In particular, this article focuses on the systemic approach used to assist teachers and students in meeting the aims of the CCES program, the Sustainability Action Process (SAP). To ascertain the contribution and value of such a framework in achieving project outcomes and associated learning and attitudinal change, we investigated teachers’ and some students’ uses and opinions of the SAP via surveys (n = 434), 16 interviews, and analysis of documents such as student work samples and lesson outlines. Our research indicates that the SAP has been a highly effective, enabling and engaging tool in helping students to identify ways and means of reducing electricity consumption and evaluating their effectiveness, as well as identifying allies and other sources of assistance in carrying out their projects.

  • Statistical Analysis of Paradigmatic Class Richness Supports Greater Paleoindian Projectile-Point Diversity in the Southeast

  • Metin I. Eren, Anne Chao, Chun-Huo Chiu, Robert K. Colwell, Briggs Buchanan, Matthew T. Boulanger, John Darwent, Michael J. O’Brien
  • Journal:
    American Antiquity / Volume 81 / Issue 1 / January 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 January 2017, pp. 174-192
    Print publication:
    January 2016

  • Ronald Mason’s hypothesis from the 1960s that the southeastern United States possesses greater Paleoindian projectile-point diversity than other regions is regularly cited, and often assumed to be true, but in fact has never been quantitatively tested. Even if valid, however, the evolutionary meaning of this diversity is contested. Point diversity is often linked to Clovis “origins,” but point diversity could also arise from group fissioning and drift, admixture, adaptation, or multiple founding events, among other possibilities. Before archaeologists can even begin to discuss these scenarios, it is paramount to ensure that what we think we know is representative of reality. To this end, we tested Mason’s hypothesis for the first time, using a sample of 1,056 Paleoindian points from eastern North America arui employing paradigmatic classification and rigorous statistical tools used in the quantification of ecological biodiversity. Our first set of analyses, which compared the Southeast to the Northeast, showed that the Southeast did indeed possess significantly greater point-class richness. Although this result was consistent with Mason’s hypothesis, our second set of analyses, which compared the Upper Southeast to the Lower Southeast and the Northeast showed that in terms of point-class richness the Upper Southeast > Lower Southeast > Northeast. Given current chronometrie evidence, we suggest that this latter result is consistent with the suggestion that the area of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee River valleys, as well as the mid-Atlantic coastal plain, were possible initial and secondary “staging areas” for colonizing Paleoindian foragers moving from western to eastern North America.

  • The Williamsburg Charter: A Response to History, Distant and Recent*

  • Hon. John H. Buchanan
  • Journal:
    Journal of Law and Religion / Volume 8 / Issue 1-2 / 1990
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 April 2015, pp. 215-216

  • Those who drafted the Williamsburg Charter tell us that they did so in celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Bill of Rights. But it also seems to me no mere coincidence that the Charter's reaffirmation of religious liberty and re-examination of the role of religion in America's public life comes at the end of a decade that saw a mixing of politics and religion that troubled many of us deeply.

    As the Charter itself emphasizes, religious people and religious ideas have long played a role in our public life. Those people and ideas are welcome elements of our ongoing national debate about what kind of a society we want to be. But during the Eighties, the debate about the role of religion in our public life often became uncivil and divisive and religious extremism often held sway over the voices of tolerance and moderation.

  • Longitudinal costs of caring for people with Alzheimer's disease

  • Paddy Gillespie, Eamon O’Shea, John Cullinan, Jacqui Buchanan, Joel Bobula, Loretto Lacey, Damien Gallagher, Aine Ni Mhaolain, Brian Lawlor
  • Journal:
    International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 27 / Issue 5 / May 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 September 2014, pp. 847-856
  • Background:

    There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between severity of disease and costs in the care of people with dementia. Much of the current evidence is based on cross-sectional data, suggesting the need to examine trends over time for this important and growing cohort of the population.

    Methods:

    This paper estimates resource use and costs of care based on longitudinal data for 72 people with dementia in Ireland. Data were collected from the Enhancing Care in Alzheimer's Disease (ECAD) study at two time points: baseline and follow-up, two years later. Patients’ dependence on others was measured using the Dependence Scale (DS), while patient function was measured using the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) scale. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to explore the effects of a range of variables on formal and informal care costs.

    Results:

    Total costs of formal and informal care over six months rose from €9,266 (Standard Deviation (SD): 12,947) per patient at baseline to €21,266 (SD: 26,883) at follow-up, two years later. This constituted a statistically significant (p = 0.0014) increase in costs over time, driven primarily by an increase in estimated informal care costs. In the multivariate analysis, a one-point increase in the DS score, that is a one-unit increase in patient's dependence on others, was associated with a 19% increase in total costs (p = 0.0610).

    Conclusions:

    Higher levels of dependence in people with Alzheimer's disease are significantly associated with increased costs of informal care as the disease progresses. Formal care services did not respond to increased dependence in people with dementia, leaving it to families to fill the caring gap, mainly through increased supervision with the progress of disease.

  • six - ‘Choice’ and ‘fairness’: the hollow core in industrial relations policy

  • Edited by Chris Miller, Lionel Orchard, Flinders University, Australia
  • Book:
    Australian Public Policy
    Published by:
    Bristol University Press
    Published online:
    04 March 2022
    Print publication:
    21 August 2014, pp 97-112

  • Summary

    Over the last 20 years, few policy areas in Australia have been contested as fiercely as industrial relations (IR). In 1993, the Keating Labor Government implemented the Industrial Relations Reform Act, which severed a 100-year Australian tradition of centralised wage fixing and state involvement through the conciliation and arbitration of industrial disputes. In its place was a new decentralised and deregulated regime, centred on enterprise bargaining.

    Rather than establishing a new consensus, the effect of the Industrial Relations Reform Act has been to shift the parameter of IR policy further to the right. The Howard Coalition Government argued that the changes were not severe enough, and with its 1996 (Workplace Relations Act) and 2006 (Work Choices) interventions continued to dismantle what remained of a unique liberal collectivist experiment in IR. Labor's 2007 response, the Fair Work Act, remains true to the spirit of Keating's 1993 Act and keeps in place many of the reforms adopted by the Howard Government, intended to erode the collective institutions of IR policy. Consequently, the policy debate in IR has become one relating to a choice between an unregulated marketplace, where employers are free to set the terms, and a system where collective bargaining at the enterprise level is propped up by a residualist safety net. Neither option has the capacity to address rising insecurity in the labour market or the production and reproduction of skills, two of the biggest issues (in terms of economic and social costs) confronting the contemporary Australian labour market.

    This chapter has four sections. First, we briefly summarise the changes that have occurred in the Australian labour market during the last 30 years. Next, we outline the fundamental policy questions in IR and how the main competing values frameworks attempt to answer them. Third, we review the foundations of IR policy in Australia, from the 1880s to the 1980s. Understanding how industrial relations evolved within a liberal collectivist framework, rather than a social democratic one, is key to explaining the neoliberal turn in IR policy since. Finally, we examine the transformation of IR policy since 1990 to a largely uncontested neoliberal terrain, built around the idea of the enterprise as a unitary whole, and the consequences for the Australian labour market.

  • Empirical analysis of legal institutions and institutional change: multiple-methods approaches and their application to corporate governance research

  • JOHN BUCHANAN, DOMINIC HEESANG CHAI, SIMON DEAKIN
  • Journal:
    Journal of Institutional Economics / Volume 10 / Issue 1 / March 2014
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 November 2013, pp. 1-20
    • Article
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  • The claim that institutions matter for economic growth and development has so far received a more extensive theoretical treatment than an empirical or methodological one. Basing our approach on a coevolutionary conception of relations between law and the economy, we link theory to method and explore three techniques for analysing legal institutions empirically: ‘leximetric’ measurement of legal rules, time-series econometrics and interview-based fieldwork. We argue that while robust measurement of institutions is possible, quantitative techniques have their limits, and should be combined with fieldwork in a multiple-methods approach.

  • Chapter 8 - Teaching values

  • from Part 2 - Processes
  • John Buchanan, University of Technology, Sydney
  • Book:
    History, Geography and Civics
    Published online:
    12 August 2019
    Print publication:
    09 September 2013, pp 130-148

  • Summary

    We refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.

    (Martin Luther King Jr, cited in ABCNews, 2013)

    Consciously, we teach what we know; unconsciously, we teach who we are.

    (Hamachek, 1999, p. 209)

    Learning outcomes

    This chapter aims to contribute to your ability to:

  • understand the nature of values (study of which is known as axiology, from the Greek axios meaning ‘worthy’)

  • become familiar with the role and impacts of values on (social and environmental) teaching and learning

  • develop awareness of opportunities for including values education in your teaching

  • develop knowledge and understanding of some of the larger religious traditions, and ways of teaching about them.

    • Introduction

    This chapter is placed under the topic of processes because the study of values should pervade and permeate all of your teaching. The chapter explores how the heart might be drawn into our studies of society and environment, and at how our hearts might metaphorically respond. As with Civics and Citizenship Education in particular, values education is cognitive, affective and conative (or ‘volitional’; Kriewaldt & Taylor, 2012, p. 304)) in nature. Kriewaldt and Taylor add that values education is ‘one of the most complex and ambiguous aspects of teaching’. A discussion of the federal government’s Northern Territory Intervention, or of funding for non-government schools, for example, might garner vastly different and passionately held views. If you are teaching an issue that you hold dear, it may be helpful to stand back, examine and decode the things that make you so passionate about it.

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