Exploration expeditions were conducted for 2 consecutive years in the subtropical region of North India to collect the untapped genetic diversity of Bael. A total of 15 accessions having unique traits of horticultural importance were collected and conserved in the field gene bank. Conserved germplasm was characterized for 3 consecutive years. Considerable variability was found in the morphological characters and biochemical traits. Fruit length ranged from 10.15 to 17. 68 cm, fruit circumference varied from 33.45 to 56.32 cm and fruit weight varied from 0.71 to 2.48 kg. Shell thickness was found to vary from 2.11 to 3.62 mm, whereas shell weight varied from 230 to 580 g/fruit. Number of seed sacs per fruit was found to vary from 11.17 to 15.72 and number of seeds per fruit varied from 68.00 to 113.17. Minimum seed weight was 7.04 g/fruit, whereas maximum 14.55 g/fruit. Ample variability was found in fruit yield of collected germplasm which ranged from 18.85 to 39.26 kg per plant at 16–18 years of age. Distinctive variability in biochemical traits was also found. Total soluble solids in fruit pulp were 34.92–41.13% Brix, total sugars 11.49–22.16%, acidity 0.36–0.53%, vitamin ‘C’ 9.89–17.20 mg/100 g, total carotenoids 1.43–2.40 mg/100 g and total tannins 2.50–3.58%. Available genetic diversity may be utilized for crop improvement programme.

V5579 Sgr was a fast nova discovered in 2008 April 18.784 UT. We present the optical spectroscopic observations of the nova observed from the Castanet Tolosan, SMARTS, and CTIO observatories spanning over 2008 April 23 to 2015 May 11. The spectra are dominated by hydrogen Balmer, Fe II, and O I lines with P-Cygni profiles in the early phase, typical of an Fe II class nova. The spectra show He I and He II lines along with forbidden lines from N, Ar, S, and O in the nebular phase. The nova showed a pronounced dust formation episode that began about 20 days after the outburst. The dust temperature and mass were estimated using the WISE data from spectral energy distribution (SED) fits. The PAH-like features are also seen in the nova ejecta in the mid-infrared Gemini spectra taken 522 d after the discovery. Analysis of the light curve indicates values of $t_2$ and $t_3$ about 9 and 13 days, respectively, placing the nova in the category of fast nova. The best-fit cloudy model of the early decline phase JHK spectra obtained on 2008 May 3 and the nebular optical spectrum obtained on 2011 June 2 shows a hot white dwarf source with $T_{BB}$ $\sim$ 2.6 $\times$ 10$^5$ K having a luminosity of 9.8 $\times$ 10$^{36}$ ergs s$^{-1}$. Our abundance analysis shows that the ejecta is significantly enhanced relative to solar, O/H = 32.2, C/H = 15.5, and N/H = 40.0 in the early decline phase and O/H = 5.8, He/H = 1.5, and N/H = 22.0 in the nebular phase.

In their detailed comments, Das et al. (2023) try to discount our arguments that the strata cropping out at the so-called Jhura pond locality are not Late Jurassic in age but Miocene. We wrote this paper (Fürsich et al., 2023) because of the far-reaching conclusions that have been drawn from the molluscan fauna at that locality, in particular with respect to the evolution of turritellid gastropods and the evolution of drilling predation by naticid gastropods. We still maintain that the beds containing abundant turritellids are not Jurassic but Neogene, most probably Miocene, in age. In no way do we contest the various analyses on the material collected from the outcrop by the authors, but just the erroneous age assignment of the strata. In order to keep this reply short, we support our point by referring to just to two aspects: the position of the outcrop and the composition of the fauna. Rather than refuting each of the other arguments of Das et al. (2023), we think that a joint visit to the locality would be more productive for arriving at a consensus on the origin and age of the fauna of the Jhura pond locality.

Data related to psychiatric manifestations in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is currently available only in the form of isolated case reports. In this systematic review, we evaluated the spectrum of psychiatric manifestations and their impact on the course and outcome of SSPE. Data were obtained from 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar), with the most recent search conducted on March 27, 2023. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the PROSPERO registration number for the protocol is CRD42023408227. SSPE was diagnosed using Dyken’s criteria. Extracted data were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet. To evaluate the quality of the data, the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool was employed. Our search resulted in 30 published reports of 32 patients. The mean age was 17.9 years. Schizophrenia, catatonia, and poorly characterized psychotic illnesses were the 3 most common psychiatric presentations that were seen in 63% (20/32) of cases. Catatonia was seen in 4 patients. Affective disorders, mania, and depression were reported among 22% (7/32) cases. In approximately 81% (26/32) cases, the course of SSPE was acute fulminant. Treatment with antipsychotic drugs had poor or no response. Out of 17 patients, who received antipsychotic drugs, 6 patients noted severe extrapyramidal adverse effects. SSPE often masquerades as a psychiatric disorder. Unresponsive psychiatric symptoms, early extrapyramidal signs, and progressive encephalopathy indicate SSPE.

Yushania anceps is a temperate woody bamboo taxon of high socio-economic importance occurring in the sub-alpine zone of the western Himalayas. This study was carried out to delineate the potential distribution of Y. anceps in the western Himalayas through species distribution modelling (SDM), and genetic characterization using sequence-tagged microsatellite (STMS) markers. The present study revealed an endemic distribution of this species in the Uttarakhand Himalayas, with an estimated area of 211.59 km2. The maximum probability of occurrence was recorded in the moderately dense forests between the altitudinal ranges of 2500 and 2700 m. The model output was well supported with high values of different statistical measures, such as the AUC (0.911) and Kappa coefficient (K = 0.513). Environmental variables related to precipitation, temperature and topography were identified as the most contributory in current SDM. In addition, diversity measures, namely allelic richness (Ar), expected heterozygosity (He), and fixation index (FST), were calculated in five sampled populations with eight STMS markers, which indicated high genetic diversity (Ar = 4.24; He = 0.689) and little differentiation (FST = 0.062). The diversity maps displayed that the populations located in the Kumaon region captured relatively more genetic diversity than the Garhwal region. Further, genetic clustering and STRUCTURE analysis revealed a substantial level of genetic admixing across the analysed populations, and as a result, no sub-structuring was detected. Due to the rare and endemic distribution of Y. anceps, it requires immediate conservation measures, and the knowledge base generated here will be of paramount importance to forest managers, researchers and policymakers.

Consider a reductive linear algebraic group G acting linearly on a polynomial ring S over an infinite field; key examples are the general linear group, the symplectic group, the orthogonal group, and the special linear group, with the classical representations as in Weyl’s book: For the general linear group, consider a direct sum of copies of the standard representation and copies of the dual; in the other cases, take copies of the standard representation. The invariant rings in the respective cases are determinantal rings, rings defined by Pfaffians of alternating matrices, symmetric determinantal rings and the Plücker coordinate rings of Grassmannians; these are the classical invariant rings of the title, with $S^G\subseteq S$ being the natural embedding.

Over a field of characteristic zero, a reductive group is linearly reductive, and it follows that the invariant ring $S^G$ is a pure subring of S, equivalently, $S^G$ is a direct summand of S as an $S^G$-module. Over fields of positive characteristic, reductive groups are typically no longer linearly reductive. We determine, in the positive characteristic case, precisely when the inclusion $S^G\subseteq S$ is pure. It turns out that if $S^G\subseteq S$ is pure, then either the invariant ring $S^G$ is regular or the group G is linearly reductive.

An attempt has been made to illustrate the evolution of pelitic granulite from south of the Balaram-Abu road, which lies in the South Delhi Terrane (SDT) of the Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt (ADMB), using geochemistry and geochronology. The current work offers a plausible explanation for the protolith of pelitic granulite, nature of the sediments and its provenance. The elemental geochemistry of the pelitic granulites reveals that the protolith is an arkosic to shaley type. The rare earth elements pattern shows that there is a negative Eu anomaly and a small excess of LREE over HREE. This means that the source of sediments probably has the same elements as the upper crust. However, the amounts of Sr, Nd and Pb vary a lot, which shows that the sediments supplied from two different types of sources (felsic and mafic) in different proportions from a Proterozoic terrain. The monazite geochronology indicates that the metamorphic overprint occurred between 797 Ma and 906 Ma. Additionally, the ages correlate to the debris that was formed between the 1188 Ma and 1324 Ma from magmatic/sedimentary sources for pelitic granulite. The present research provides a more in-depth understanding of the evolutionary history of the pelitic granulite that comprises the SDT in the ADMB region during the Proterozoic era.

A diverse molluscan assemblage dominated by turritellid gastropods found in Kachchh, western India, has been interpreted in the past as Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) in age, based on associated undoubtedly Oxfordian ammonites. Recently, several investigations focused on the assemblage dealing with taxonomic, paleoecological, and evolutionary aspects. An analysis of the associated bivalve fauna, foraminiferal assemblage, and the geological context strongly suggests a Miocene rather than a Jurassic age and invalidates several conclusions drawn from the alleged Jurassic age of the fossils.

Through-wall imaging is capable of detecting various living and non-living things behind the wall. The characteristics of the wall under the investigation, amount of clutter and noise govern the quality and reliability of the image as well as the detection ability of the targets using through the wall imaging system. The characteristics of the wall are not known prior, in the literature only the intensity profile is investigated for the unknown wall characteristics using a single dielectric target and the effect of the wall characteristics on the contrast imaging and impact on time or frequency domain features are not investigated. The target with less dielectric is having less reflectivity; hence its detection in the presence of a high reflective target and a noisy environment becomes difficult. In this paper, to enhance the detection ability of the imaging system attenuation constant (α) of the wall is estimated with the proposed wall parameter estimation methods and used as a normalizing factor. To achieve effective beamforming different weighting strategies are developed and the obtained images are compared with the traditional beamforming. Furthermore, a novel approach to finding the effective rank in the low-rank estimation using a statistical model and multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed for de-noising.

Beachpea (Vigna marina) is a halophytic wild leguminous plant which occurs throughout tropical and subtropical beaches of world. As quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salt tolerance in V. marina and its crossability with other Vigna species are known, the current study was undertaken to know the presence of these QTLs in the V. marina accessions along with check varieties of pulses. Accordingly, 20 Vigna genotypes (15 accessions of V. marina collected from sea-shore areas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands along with five check varieties of green gram and black gram) were subjected to molecular characterization using seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with salt tolerance. Of the markers used, only four SSR markers amplified in the studied germplasm. Number of alleles detected per primer and size of alleles ranged from 1 to 3 and 100 to 325 bp, respectively. Polymorphism information content and heterozygosity values ranged from 0.305 to 0.537 and 0.375 to 0.612, respectively. Three major clusters, cluster I, II and III were obtained at Jaccard's similarity coefficient value of 0.48 through the un-weighted paired group method with arithmetic means method of cluster analysis. It grouped green gram and black gram genotypes in clusters I (04) and II (01), whereas all V. marina genotypes were grouped in cluster III (15). Principal co-ordinate analysis explained 85.9% of genetic variation among genotypes which was further confirmed by cluster analysis. This study indicated the effectiveness of SSR markers in separating cultivated Vigna species from wild V. marina. The findings will be useful for transferring trait of robust salt tolerance of V. marina in cultivated Vigna species using marker-assisted breeding.

We present the data and initial results from the first pilot survey of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU), observed at 944 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The survey covers $270 \,\mathrm{deg}^2$ of an area covered by the Dark Energy Survey, reaching a depth of 25–30 $\mu\mathrm{Jy\ beam}^{-1}$ rms at a spatial resolution of $\sim$11–18 arcsec, resulting in a catalogue of $\sim$220 000 sources, of which $\sim$180 000 are single-component sources. Here we present the catalogue of single-component sources, together with (where available) optical and infrared cross-identifications, classifications, and redshifts. This survey explores a new region of parameter space compared to previous surveys. Specifically, the EMU Pilot Survey has a high density of sources, and also a high sensitivity to low surface brightness emission. These properties result in the detection of types of sources that were rarely seen in or absent from previous surveys. We present some of these new results here.

We report a familial cluster of 24 individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The index case had a travel history and spent 24 days in the house before being tested and was asymptomatic. Physical overcrowding in the house provided a favourable environment for intra-cluster infection transmission. Restriction of movement of family members due to countrywide lockdown limited the spread in community. Among the infected, only four individuals developed symptoms. The complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 was retrieved using next-generation sequencing from eight clinical samples which demonstrated a 99.99% similarity with reference to Wuhan strain and the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a distinct cluster, lying in the B.6.6 pangolin lineage.

Interventional neuroradiology (INR) has evolved from a hybrid mixture of daring radiologists and iconoclastic neurosurgeons into a multidisciplinary specialty, which has become indispensable for cerebrovascular and neurological centers worldwide. This manuscript traces the origins of INR and describes its evolution to the present day. The focus will be on cerebrovascular disorders including aneurysms, stroke, brain arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistulae, and atherosclerotic disease, both intra- and extracranial. Also discussed are cerebral vasospasm, venolymphatic malformations of the head and neck, tumor embolization, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, inferior petrosal venous sinus sampling for Cushing’s disease, and spinal interventions. Pediatric INR has not been included and deserves a separate, dedicated review.