Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, painful inflammatory skin disease affecting 0.1% of the US population. Limited understanding of HS biology and ineffective treatments leave patients dissatisfied, facing misdiagnosis, and diagnostic delays. To address these challenges, the Rockefeller University Center for Clinical Translational Science, Clinical Directors Network, and the HS Foundation launched an initiative to foster engagement among stakeholders. Three full spectrum town halls (FSTH) were designed to engage patients, scientists, and clinicians bidirectionally. Topics spanned the translational research spectrum to amplify patient testimony, update the HS community on scientific and clinical research advances, and promote patient-centered research and care. The FSTH model aims to enhance empathy, foster trust, accelerate scientific discovery, and improve care. FSTH-2018 showcased patients’ experiences living with HS, the scientific and clinical state of the art, and tailored a new HS study to patient preferences. FSTH-2021 shared results of the study, including new insights into HS biology. FSTH-2023 highlighted best practices for outpatient surgical care of HS. Participant feedback underscored FSTH’s role in nurturing empathy and advancing discovery and patient engagement. FSTH serves as an effective model for uniting stakeholders, bridging gaps in knowledge and trust, and accelerating translational research to improve HS care.

Objectives/Goals: This study aims to evaluate the performance of a third-party artificial intelligence (AI) product in predicting diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) in a community healthcare system. We highlight a use case illustrating how clinical practice leverages AI-predicted information in unexpected yet advantageous ways and assess the AI predictions accuracy and practical application. Methods/Study Population: DRGs are crucial for hospital reimbursement under the prospective payment model. The Mayo Clinic Health System (MCHS), a network of clinics and hospitals serving a substantial rural population in Minnesota and Wisconsin, has recently adopted an AI algorithm developed by Xsolis (an AI-focused healthcare solution provider). This algorithm, a 1D convolutional neural network, predicts DRGs based on clinical documentation. To assess the accuracy of AI-generated DRG predictions for inpatient discharges, we analyzed data from 930 patients hospitalized at MCHS Mankato between March 2 and May 13, 2024. The Xsolis platform provided the top three DRG predictions for the first 48 hours of each inpatient stay. The accuracy of these predictions was then compared against the final billed DRG codes from the hospital’s records. Results/Anticipated Results: In our validation set, Xsolis achieved a top-3 DRG prediction accuracy of 71% at 24 hours and 81% at 48 hours, which is lower than the originally reported accuracy of 81.1% and 83.3%, respectively. Interestingly, discussions with clinical practice leaders revealed that the most valuable information derived from the AI predictions was the expected geometric mean length of stay (GMLOS), which Xsolis was perceived to predict accurately. In the Medicare system, each DRG is associated with an expected GMLOS, a critical factor for efficient hospital flow planning. A subsequent analysis comparing predicted GMLOS with the actual length of stay showed variances of -0.10 days on day 1 and 0.14 days on day 2, indicating a high degree of accuracy and aligning with clinical practice perceptions. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Our research underscores that clinical practice can leverage AI predictions in unexpected yet beneficial ways. While initially focused on DRG prediction, the associated GMLOS emerged as more significant. This suggests that AI algorithm validation should be tailored to specific clinical needs rather than relying solely on generalized benchmarks.

We present the first results from a new backend on the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, the Commensal Realtime ASKAP Fast Transient COherent (CRACO) upgrade. CRACO records millisecond time resolution visibility data, and searches for dispersed fast transient signals including fast radio bursts (FRB), pulsars, and ultra-long period objects (ULPO). With the visibility data, CRACO can localise the transient events to arcsecond-level precision after the detection. Here, we describe the CRACO system and report the result from a sky survey carried out by CRACO at 110-ms resolution during its commissioning phase. During the survey, CRACO detected two FRBs (including one discovered solely with CRACO, FRB 20231027A), reported more precise localisations for four pulsars, discovered two new RRATs, and detected one known ULPO, GPM J1839 $-$10, through its sub-pulse structure. We present a sensitivity calibration of CRACO, finding that it achieves the expected sensitivity of 11.6 Jy ms to bursts of 110 ms duration or less. CRACO is currently running at a 13.8 ms time resolution and aims at a 1.7 ms time resolution before the end of 2024. The planned CRACO has an expected sensitivity of 1.5 Jy ms to bursts of 1.7 ms duration or less and can detect $10\times$ more FRBs than the current CRAFT incoherent sum system (i.e. 0.5 $-$2 localised FRBs per day), enabling us to better constrain the models for FRBs and use them as cosmological probes.

With wide-field phased array feed technology, the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) is ideally suited to search for seemingly rare radio transient sources that are difficult to discover previous-generation narrow-field telescopes. The Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transient (CRAFT) Survey Science Project has developed instrumentation to continuously search for fast radio transients (duration $\lesssim$ 1 s) with ASKAP, with a particular focus on finding and localising fast radio bursts (FRBs). Since 2018, the CRAFT survey has been searching for FRBs and other fast transients by incoherently adding the intensities received by individual ASKAP antennas, and then correcting for the impact of frequency dispersion on these short-duration signals in the resultant incoherent sum (ICS) in real time. This low-latency detection enables the triggering of voltage buffers, which facilitates the localisation of the transient source and the study of spectro-polarimetric properties at high time resolution. Here we report the sample of 43 FRBs discovered in this CRAFT/ICS survey to date. This includes 22 FRBs that had not previously been reported: 16 FRBs localised by ASKAP to $\lesssim 1$ arcsec and 6 FRBs localised to $\sim 10$ arcmin. Of the new arcsecond-localised FRBs, we have identified and characterised host galaxies (and measured redshifts) for 11. The median of all 30 measured host redshifts from the survey to date is $z=0.23$. We summarise results from the searches, in particular those contributing to our understanding of the burst progenitors and emission mechanisms, and on the use of bursts as probes of intervening media. We conclude by foreshadowing future FRB surveys with ASKAP using a coherent detection system that is currently being commissioned. This will increase the burst detection rate by a factor of approximately ten and also the distance to which ASKAP can localise FRBs.

In this retrospective cohort study of military trainees, symptomatic-only coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrival antigen testing decreased isolation requirements without increasing secondary cases compared to universal antigen testing. Symptomatic-only arrival antigen testing is a feasible alternative for individuals entering a congregant setting with a high risk of COVID-19 transmission.

The crystal structure of ractopamine hydrochloride has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Ractopamine hydrochloride crystallizes in space group Pbca (#61) with a = 38.5871(49), b = 10.7691(3), c = 8.4003(2) Å, V = 3490.75(41) Å3, and Z = 8. The ractopamine cation contains two chiral centers, and the sample consists of a mixture of the S,S/R,R/S,R and R,S forms. Models for the two diastereomers S,S and S,R were refined, and yielded equivalent residuals, but the S,R form is significantly lower in energy. The crystal structure consists of layers of molecules parallel to the bc-plane. In each structure one of the H atoms on the protonated N atom acts as a donor in a strong discrete N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bond. Hydroxyl groups act as donors in O–H⋯Cl and O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Both the classical and C–H⋯Cl and C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds differ between the forms, helping to explain the large microstrain observed for the sample. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD® for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Large-scale geological structures have controlled the long-term development of the bed and thus the flow of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). However, complete ice cover has obscured the age and exact positions of faults and geological boundaries beneath Thwaites Glacier and Pine Island Glacier, two major WAIS outlets in the Amundsen Sea sector. Here, we characterize the only rock outcrop between these two glaciers, which was exposed by the retreat of slow-flowing coastal ice in the early 2010s to form the new Sif Island. The island comprises granite, zircon U-Pb dated to ~177–174 Ma and characterized by initial ɛNd, 87Sr/86Sr and ɛHf isotope compositions of -2.3, 0.7061 and -1.3, respectively. These characteristics resemble Thurston Island/Antarctic Peninsula crustal block rocks, strongly suggesting that the Sif Island granite belongs to this province and placing the crustal block's boundary with the Marie Byrd Land province under Thwaites Glacier or its eastern shear margin. Low-temperature thermochronological data reveal that the granite underwent rapid cooling following emplacement, rapidly cooled again at ~100–90 Ma and then remained close to the Earth's surface until present. These data help date vertical displacement across the major tectonic structure beneath Pine Island Glacier to the Late Cretaceous.

We present a method for identifying radio stellar sources using their proper-motion. We demonstrate this method using the FIRST, VLASS, RACS-low and RACS-mid radio surveys, and astrometric information from Gaia Data Release 3. We find eight stellar radio sources using this method, two of which have not previously been identified in the literature as radio stars. We determine that this method probes distances of $\sim$90pc when we use FIRST and RACS-mid, and $\sim$250pc when we use FIRST and VLASS. We investigate the time baselines required by current and future radio sky surveys to detect the eight sources we found, with the SKA (6.7 GHz) requiring $<$3 yr between observations to find all eight sources. We also identify nine previously known and 43 candidate variable radio stellar sources that are detected in FIRST (1.4 GHz) but are not detected in RACS-mid (1.37 GHz). This shows that many stellar radio sources are variable, and that surveys with multiple epochs can detect a more complete sample of stellar radio sources.

The crystal structure of baricitinib has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional techniques. Baricitinib crystallizes in space group I2/a (#15) with a = 11.81128(11), b = 7.06724(6), c = 42.5293(3) Å, β = 91.9280(4)°, V = 3548.05(5) Å3, and Z = 8. The crystal structure is characterized by hydrogen-bonded double layers parallel to the ab-planes. The dimers form a graph set R2,2(8). The sulfone ends of the molecules reside in the interlayer regions. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).

Two introduced carnivores, the European red fox Vulpes vulpes and domestic cat Felis catus, have had extensive impacts on Australian biodiversity. In this study, we collate information on consumption of Australian birds by the fox, paralleling a recent study reporting on birds consumed by cats. We found records of consumption by foxes on 128 native bird species (18% of the non-vagrant bird fauna and 25% of those species within the fox’s range), a smaller tally than for cats (343 species, including 297 within the fox’s Australian range, a subset of that of the cat). Most (81%) bird species eaten by foxes are also eaten by cats, suggesting that predation impacts are compounded. As with consumption by cats, birds that nest or forage on the ground are most likely to be consumed by foxes. However, there is also some partitioning, with records of consumption by foxes but not cats for 25 bird species, indicating that impacts of the two predators may also be complementary. Bird species ≥3.4 kg were more likely to be eaten by foxes, and those <3.4 kg by cats. Our compilation provides an inventory and describes characteristics of Australian bird species known to be consumed by foxes, but we acknowledge that records of predation do not imply population-level impacts. Nonetheless, there is sufficient information from other studies to demonstrate that fox predation has significant impacts on the population viability of some Australian birds, especially larger birds, and those that nest or forage on the ground.

The Variables and Slow Transients Survey (VAST) on the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) is designed to detect highly variable and transient radio sources on timescales from 5 s to $\sim\!5$ yr. In this paper, we present the survey description, observation strategy and initial results from the VAST Phase I Pilot Survey. This pilot survey consists of $\sim\!162$ h of observations conducted at a central frequency of 888 MHz between 2019 August and 2020 August, with a typical rms sensitivity of $0.24\ \mathrm{mJy\ beam}^{-1}$ and angular resolution of $12-20$ arcseconds. There are 113 fields, each of which was observed for 12 min integration time, with between 5 and 13 repeats, with cadences between 1 day and 8 months. The total area of the pilot survey footprint is 5 131 square degrees, covering six distinct regions of the sky. An initial search of two of these regions, totalling 1 646 square degrees, revealed 28 highly variable and/or transient sources. Seven of these are known pulsars, including the millisecond pulsar J2039–5617. Another seven are stars, four of which have no previously reported radio detection (SCR J0533–4257, LEHPM 2-783, UCAC3 89–412162 and 2MASS J22414436–6119311). Of the remaining 14 sources, two are active galactic nuclei, six are associated with galaxies and the other six have no multi-wavelength counterparts and are yet to be identified.