Low-rank tensor representations can provide highly compressed approximations of functions. These concepts, which essentially amount to generalizations of classical techniques of separation of variables, have proved to be particularly fruitful for functions of many variables. We focus here on problems where the target function is given only implicitly as the solution of a partial differential equation. A first natural question is under which conditions we should expect such solutions to be efficiently approximated in low-rank form. Due to the highly nonlinear nature of the resulting low-rank approximations, a crucial second question is at what expense such approximations can be computed in practice. This article surveys basic construction principles of numerical methods based on low-rank representations as well as the analysis of their convergence and computational complexity.

We study bound states in weakly deformed and heterogeneous waveguides, and compare analytical predictions using a recently developed perturbative method with precise numerical results for three different configurations: a homogeneous asymmetric waveguide, a heterogenous asymmetric waveguide and a homogeneous broken strip. We have found excellent agreement between the analytical and numerical results in all the examples; this provides a numerical verification of the analytical approach.

We provide some computable error estimates in solving a nonsymmetric eigenvalue problem by general conforming finite element methods on general meshes. Based on the complementary method, we first give computable error estimates for both the original eigenfunctions and the corresponding adjoint eigenfunctions, and then we introduce a generalised Rayleigh quotient to deduce a computable error estimate for the eigenvalue approximations. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.

This paper presents a GPU-accelerated implementation of the Locally Optimal Block Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (LOBPCG) method with an inexact nullspace filtering approach to find eigenvalues in electromagnetics analysis with higher-order FEM. The performance of the proposed approach is verified using the Kepler (Tesla K40c) graphics accelerator, and is compared to the performance of the implementation based on functions from the Intel MKL on the Intel Xeon (E5-2680 v3, 12 threads) central processing unit (CPU) executed in parallel mode. Compared to the CPU reference implementation based on the Intel MKL functions, the proposed GPU-based LOBPCG method with inexact nullspace filtering allowed us to achieve up to 2.9-fold acceleration.

This paper is concerned with the invisibility cloaking in acoustic wave scattering from a new perspective. We are especially interested in achieving the invisibility cloaking by completely regular and isotropic mediums. It is shown that an interior transmission eigenvalue problem arises in our study, which is the one considered theoretically in Cakoni et al. (Transmission eigenvalues for inhomogeneous media containing obstacles, Inverse Problems and Imaging, 6 (2012), 373–398). Based on such an observation, we propose a cloaking scheme that takes a three-layer structure including a cloaked region, a lossy layer and a cloaking shell. The target medium in the cloaked region can be arbitrary but regular, whereas the mediums in the lossy layer and the cloaking shell are both regular and isotropic. We establish that if a certain non-transparency condition is satisfied, then there exists an infinite set of incident waves such that the cloaking device is nearly invisible under the corresponding wave interrogation. The set of waves is generated from the Herglotz approximation of the associated interior transmission eigenfunctions. We provide both theoretical and numerical justifications.

Partial differential equations (PDE) on manifolds arise in many areas, including mathematics and many applied fields. Due to the complicated geometrical structure of the manifold, it is difficult to get efficient numerical method to solve PDE on manifold. In the paper, we propose a method called point integral method (PIM) to solve the Poisson-type equations from point clouds. Among different kinds of PDEs, the Poisson-type equations including the standard Poisson equation and the related eigenproblem of the Laplace-Beltrami operator are one of the most important. In PIM, the key idea is to derive the integral equations which approximates the Poisson-type equations and contains no derivatives but only the values of the unknown function. This feature makes the integral equation easy to be discretized from point cloud. In the paper, we explain the derivation of the integral equations, describe the point integral method and its implementation, and present the numerical experiments to demonstrate the convergence of PIM.

The 2D Maxwell eigenproblems are studied from a new point of view. An electromagnetic problem is cast from the Lagrangian system with single variable into the Hamiltonian system with dual variables. The electric and magnetic components transverse to the wave propagation direction are treated as dual variables to each other. Higher order curl-conforming and divergence-conforming vector basis functions are used to construct dual vector spectral elements. Numerical examples demonstrate some unique advantages of the proposed method.

For symmetric eigenvalue problems, we constructed a three-term recurrence polynomial filter by means of Chebyshev polynomials. The new filtering technique does not need to solve linear systems and only needs matrix-vector products. It is a memory conserving filtering technique for its three-term recurrence relation. As an application, we use this filtering strategy to the Davidson method and propose the filtered-Davidson method. Through choosing suitable shifts, this method can gain cubic convergence rate locally. Theory and numerical experiments show the efficiency of the new filtering technique.

A multigrid method is proposed to compute the ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensations by the finite element method based on the multilevel correction for eigenvalue problems and the multigrid method for linear boundary value problems. In this scheme, obtaining the optimal approximation for the ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensates includes a sequence of solutions of the linear boundary value problems by the multigrid method on the multilevel meshes and some solutions of nonlinear eigenvalue problems some very low dimensional finite element space. The total computational work of this scheme can reach almost the same optimal order as solving the corresponding linear boundary value problem. Therefore, this type of multigrid scheme can improve the overall efficiency for the simulation of Bose-Einstein condensations. Some numerical experiments are provided to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.

This paper concerns numerical computation of a fourth order eigenvalue problem. We first show the well-posedness of the source problem. An interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method (C0IPG) using Lagrange elements is proposed and its convergence is studied. The method is then used to compute the eigenvalues. We show that the method is spectrally correct and prove the optimal convergence. Numerical examples are presented to validate the theory.

In this paper, we propose an uniformly convergent adaptive finite element method with hybrid basis (AFEM-HB) for the discretization of singularly perturbed nonlinear eigenvalue problems under constraints with applications in Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and quantum chemistry. We begin with the time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation and show how to reformulate it into a singularly perturbed nonlinear eigenvalue problem under a constraint. Matched asymptotic approximations for the problem are reviewed to confirm the asymptotic behaviors of the solutions in the boundary/interior layer regions. By using the normalized gradient flow, we propose an adaptive finite element with hybrid basis to solve the singularly perturbed nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Our basis functions and the mesh are chosen adaptively to the small parameter ε. Extensive numerical results are reported to show the uniform convergence property of our method. We also apply the AFEM-HB to compute the ground and excited states of BEC with box/harmonic/optical lattice potential in the semiclassical regime (0 <ε≪C 1). In addition, we give a detailed error analysis of our AFEM-HB to a simpler singularly perturbed two point boundary value problem, show that our method has a minimum uniform convergence order

A weakly over-penalized symmetric interior penalty method is applied to solve elliptic eigenvalue problems. We derive a posteriori error estimator of residual type, which proves to be both reliable and efficient in the energy norm. Some numerical tests are provided to confirm our theoretical analysis.

In this paper, a multilevel correction scheme is proposed to solve the Steklov eigenvalue problem by nonconforming finite element methods. With this new scheme, the accuracy of eigenpair approximations can be improved after each correction step which only needs to solve a source problem on finer finite element space and an Steklov eigenvalue problem on the coarsest finite element space. This correction scheme can increase the overall efficiency of solving eigenvalue problems by the nonconforming finite element method. Furthermore, as same as the direct eigenvalue solving by nonconforming finite element methods, this multilevel correction method can also produce the lower-bound approximations of the eigenvalues.

Numerical atomic orbitals have been successfully used in molecular simulations as a basis set, which provides a nature, physical description of the electronic states and is suitable for 𝒪(N) calculations based on the strictly localized property. This paper presents a numerical analysis for some simplified atomic orbitals, with polynomial-type and confined Hydrogen-like radial basis functions respectively. We give some a priori error estimates to understand why numerical atomic orbitals are computationally efficient in electronic structure calculations.