This chapter sets the scene in urban Penang at the time of research through a consideration of public discourses about marriage and gender relations. It examines newspaper accounts, public events, debates, exhibitions and theatrical productions in Penang’s capital, George Town. Alongside interviews with lawyers, these public discourses show how discussions about what are perceived by many as ‘dysfunctional relations’, including child marriage, polygamy, the conversion of minors to Islam, divorce and LGBTQ rights, have the capacity to expand and take on a life of their own at moments of national tension. The chapter illuminates the dense connections between kinship, gender, ethnicity, religion and law. Stories about child marriage at different political moments – to take one example – condense ethical and political concerns and contestations in times of radical change.

This chapter describes the significant role that spiritual support plays for both the ICU patient and their loved ones. A hospital stay is a stressful time, and an ICU experience is traumatic. The severity of illness and the uncertainty of healing can precipitate existential questioning and increase reliance on faith. Intervention by a trained non-denominational chaplain can be an asset to an ICU team, offering patients and loved one’s psycho-spiritual support to diverse kinds of needs. As a spiritual care specialist, a chaplain can distinguish between spirituality – an internal search for meaning – and religiosity, often rooted in a structured belief system. Tools like the FICA model are used by chaplains to assess spiritual distress, and chaplains can train the ICU staff as “spiritual care generalists,” who can then identify spiritual distress and reach out to a chaplain if needed. The chapter also addresses the need for spiritual support in patients with Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) and Post Intensive Care Syndrome – Family (PICS-F). Chaplains can be beneficial for both diagnoses.

This chapter discusses the phenomenon of Hebrew-Yiddish self-translation, and offers it as a central practice in the formation of modern Jewish literature. Self-translation, that is the writing and rewriting of the same work time and again in different languages by the same author, was crucial to the very ability to write modern Hebrew and Yiddish literature. In the second half of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, self-translation was the practice that allowed Hebrew and Yiddish to grow as robust literary languages. To exemplify this, the chapter discusses a case study; in a close reading of a self-translated work, a novella by Zalman Shneour (1886–1959), this chapter offers a demonstration not only of the history and national settings of self-translation, but also of the unique poetics of self-translation. The novella, A Death (1905–1923), is a prime example of self-translation practices and poetics, a poetics that privileges openness, counterfactuals, instability and indecisiveness. In the ongoing and prolonged writing and rewriting of this novella, I offer that Shneour works as both practitioner and philosopher of self-translation, thematizing in the work of art its modes of composition.

Cognitive impairment in the ICU can have long-term, life-altering impacts well beyond the ICU and hospital stay. Cognitive impairment can be hard to identify in the complex medical setting of the ICU, but the systematic use of standardized screens and assessments can alert the write as healthcare team to cognitive impairment. Patients with disorders of consciousness benefit from cognitive stimulation interventions. For patients awake and alert, cognitive intervention strategies include cognitive training (e.g., word search, memory match) and cognitive rehabilitation (e.g., ADL and IADL performance). Early engagement in activity in the ICU can help improve overall performance. One component of rehabilitation is functional cognition, defined as the process of utilizing and integrating thinking and processing skills to accomplish everyday activities. Assistive technology is another tool that can help patients with tasks from communication to complex problem solving and executive functioning. Cognitive stimulation, training, and rehabilitation all work toward decreasing the impact of cognitive impairments and improving overall function and quality of life. Examining patients’ performance through real-life functional tasks help to generalize these skills.

Chapter 1 considers how Emerson uses the essay form to present his ideas as experiments or trials, to preserve a sense of spontaneity or casualness (“I gossip for my hour concerning the eternal politics”) and to dramatize what he calls the “contrary tendencies” in his philosophy (“I accept the clangor and jangle of contrary tendencies”). While it is important to trace Emerson’s main positions, one misses the living nature of his philosophy unless one also takes account of the motions and patterns within his essays, and the ways he dramatizes instability, spontaneity, and inconsistency. Emerson’s description of a poem in “The Poet” applies equally to his own essays: each is a living thing, like “a plant or an animal,” each has “an architecture of its own.” The discussion focuses on the moods of “History” and “Experience,” guided by Theodor Adorno’s idea of the essay as a carpet, or an arena for thought.

In this chapter, I discuss textual uses of fictive discourse: How should we think of the utterances that convey fictions? MacDonald (1954) and Searle (1975) argue that they are mere pretense – the simulation of acts like assertions or questions. They don’t constitute sui generis, dedicated representational practices of a specific kind, fictionalizing, on a par with assertions or questions. This was the standard view in analytic philosophy from Frege until the 1990s, and was casually endorsed by Austin, Kripke, van Inwagen, and many others. Walton (1990) and others made decisive objections to this view, predicated on its lack of explanatory power, which will be developed here. Walton himself also rejects views of the kind that MacDonald and Searle question, which take fictionalizing to be a sui generis speech act. Currie (1990) articulated one such account in a Gricean psychologistic framework, while García-Carpintero (2013a), Abell (2020), and others have argued for social, Austinian accounts. I earlier classified speech acts of fictionalizing as directives; while other authors classify them as declarations, like ejecting players, naming ships, or sentencing offenders. I’ll question the declaration view, but I’ll argue for another alternative to the directive account, which treats fictionalizings as a variety of constative act.

The chapter outlines the primary methods used in empirical paleoclimatology, beginning with an overview of key paleoclimate proxies (stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, atmospheric composition, ice-rafted debris, aeolian dust and pollen) and the past environmental conditions they help reconstruct. The applicability and potential limitations of different proxies are discussed. It then describes the main paleoclimate archives, such as marine sediments and ice cores, speleothems, tree rings and others, in relation to paleoclimate proxies. The main dating techniques used in Quaternary paleoclimatology, such as the radiocarbon method, paleomagnetism and orbital tuning, are briefly examined. Several important paleoclimatological stacked records are presented, such as the Lisiecki-Raymo benthic stack. Finally, the main applications of paleoclimate proxies for reconstructing paleoenvironments and understanding past climate change and data-model comparison are reviewed.

This chapter applies the volume’s interactive and holistic approach to the development and analysis of the regulation of remote work. The discussion underscores how employment contracts themselves combine locational elements, of direct significance for remote work, with specifications of the temporal extension of the work contract and its full time or part time nature. Moreover, as the chapter shows, the combinatory constellation of employment situations that results is itself then subject to regulation in ways that the regulatory institutions often frame interactively, using concepts rooted in one type of employment condition to deal with another condition – for example combining features of the contract’s time commitment with its locational definition. The chapter also discusses the importance of the subsidiarity principle for channeling the multilevel and interactive component of remote work’s regulation. These points are then used to address issues of fundamental rights for workers and more specifically, of labor rights under new and evolving employment conditions.

This chapter surveys recordings of the Schumanns’ music released since their bicentenaries (Clara’s in 2019, Robert’s in 2010) vis-à-vis trends in their reception history. The albums discussed represent a cross-section of styles and approaches, with several performers being long-standing champions of Clara’s music. Their strategies range from reappraising the relationship between Clara’s and Robert’s creativity, to reviving the ethos of nineteenth-century practices, namely mixed-genre programmes, and reimagining their music through improvisations, transcriptions, and contemporary commissions. Collectively, they recapture something of the Schumanns’ own context while offering varied ways of programming their music in the twenty-first century.

Cyber disinformation is a global, very sophisticated phenomenon, capable of producing negative consequences on democratic values and institutions. This chapter argues that individual behavior of users plays a key role in the control of the phenomenon and aims to identify factors that impact on users’ behavioral intentions and cyber hygiene behavior. This chapter integrates the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior and a Structural Equation Model, realized through Partial Least Square – –Structural Equation Modeling, applied to the cyber disinformation phenomenon. The research data were collected using a questionnaire administered in Poland and Romania and analyzed using the Structural Equation Model. The model’s parameters were processed using the SmartPLS software. The reliability of the variables was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha and Composite Reliability. The research revealed the applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior model and found that Moral Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control have an impact on Behavioral Intention and Cyber Hygiene Behavior. The findings of this chapter can provide stakeholders with important insights that can lead to improved responses to the phenomenon.