A patient in the preoperative area suddenly refuses to go forward with the removal of infected wires unless he is given assurances that the rest of his brain implant will remain in place. He indicates that he will go home and die rather than have the implant removed. The patient, surgeon, ethicist, and wife all convene to resolve the time sensitive issues. The short-term outcome is very positive, but there is an unexpected longer-term outcome that was unsettling.

This chapter examines influential legislative remedies: the 1907 creation of the Court of Criminal Appeal, the 1995 creation of the Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) and the 2024 legislation to annul and compensate miscarriages of justice caused by the Post Office’s faulty computer system. The Court of Appeal’s restrictive approach to overturning convictions and admitting new evidence is critiqued. The role of wrongful convictions in abolishing the death penalty is examined. The CCRC’s performance, including some of its failures and underfunding, is assessed. The migration of similar institutions to Scotland, Norway, New Zealand and Canada is also examined. Failed attempts in 2006 to limit appeals to innocence and successful attempts in 2014 to require it for compensation are critically assessed. The tension between the Innocence Network of the United Kingdom’s (INUK) focus on innocence and the legal system’s focus on the safety of convictions is analysed in light of INUK’s demise and future evolution of innocence organisations. Finally, the Post Office Scandal and the implications of enacting legislation to depart from ordinary methods of correcting and compensating miscarriages of justice are assessed.

This chapter seeks to synthesise the understanding of ethnicity and political difference advanced in the study. Existing research in this field contains an on-going and largely inconclusive debate over the relative distinctiveness of Asian voters in Britain's democratic process and is concerned in particular with factors fuelling their dealignment from support for Labour. The theory of political integration is at the heart of this study and is taken up again in the second section devoted to the implication for British democratic institutions, political culture and the democratic tradition. The involvement of ethnic minorities in electoral politics has both shaped and been shaped by political behaviour in Britain more generally. Casting an eye upon racial politics in Britain at the end of the 1990s, it would appear that Asian participation in political life has developed, from a slow start, to relative maturity and strength.

This chapter discusses the contested place of the Declaration of Independence in black political thought. As a document that provided a rationale for American independence, the Declaration of Independence in its own way also provided one for black political equality in the United States. This tension between intention and interpretation has made the Declaration stubbornly immune from attack by black intellectuals, politicians, and movement leaders. With rare exception, the Declaration has been attacked mostly for its exclusivity, not its content or core ethos. Even Critical Race Theory’s (CRT) modest dissent from the Declaration has been limited in its ability to transform the persistence of black support for it, making arguments for CRT’s abandonment of America’s founding principles ring hollow. Instead, the history of black political thought from Frederick Douglass to W. E. B. Du Bois to Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, stands squarely on the side of the Declaration’s essential truths, while admonishing America’s enduring failure to live up to them.

This chapter situates classical education in late antique Gaul in its historical context, positioning the work within the current scholarly debates, and building on recent scholarship on late antique Gaul. Arranged thematically, Chapter 2 considers key developments in the political and military relationships between the western Roman empire, Gallo-Romans and barbarian groups, the prospects and prosperity of Gallo-Roman aristocrats, the increasing dominance of the Church and bishops in daily life, and the vitality and continuity of Gallo-Roman cities. It considers the conditions necessary for classical education to thrive and function and discusses how the structures that fostered education were affected by the political, military, religious, and cultural transformations of fifth-century Gaul.

“Manners” alternates between the portrayal of self-reliant “gentlemen” like Montaigne, Socrates, and El Cid, who are “original and commanding” and “fashion,” an imitative “hall of the Past” where “virtue [has] gone to seed.” But near the end of the essay he turns away from forms of aristocratic morality by introducing two new heroes: a woman, “the Persian Lilla,” who reconciles “all heterogeneous persons into one society”; and then “Osman,” a poor beggar at the gates of the Shah who is a “great heart … so sunny and hospitable in the centre of the country,” and whose wealth lies in his ability to “harbor” madness without sharing it. The introduction of Lilla and Osman late in “Manners” raises the question of how they align with its other heroes. Are they part of a turn or contrary tendency showing up late in the essay, or a deeper exploration of forms of virtue – especially love – already introduced?

Because of advances in technology and the provision of critical care, an increasing number of patients are surviving critical illness; this growing population of survivors of critical illness is characterized by heightened vulnerability to a host of adverse health outcomes and by the development of multidimensional impairments that significantly impact their quality of life and societal participation. Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is defined as new or worsening impairments in physical, cognitive, or mental health status arising after a critical illness and persisting beyond acute care hospitalization. PICS-Family describes the psychological and social impairments that family members, loved ones, and caregivers can develop as a consequence of their loved one’s critical illness. Survivors of critical illness are a heterogeneous patient population, and considerable variation exists with respect to the breadth, depth, duration, and mutability of their symptoms and impairments. This chapter explores the clinical manifestations of PICS, its incidence and prevalence, the co-occurrence of impairments in multiple domains, duration and severity of impairments, risk factors for its development, prediction tools, prevention strategies, screening and diagnosis, and treatment options. Additional topics include the biophysical model of disability, functional trajectories following critical illness, and the lack of communication about post-ICU problems.

This chapter provides, we believe, for the apogee of what we think will form the base for success of the quantum physics–like applications. Readers are invited in this chapter to carefully study the two-slit interference experiment with agents (and the agent two-preference interference) for a variety of real potential functions.

A framing case study discusses Uruguay’s attempt to limit cigarette sales by foreign firms. Then the chapter provides an overview of international investment law. The chapter discusses: (1) how states have historically protected foreign investment using international law, including major concepts and the evolution of investment institutions; (2) major foreign investor rights under contemporary investment law, including rules for expropriation, treatment standards, performance requirements, and legal remedies; and (3) how states seek to balance the protection of foreign investment against their own state authority in areas like maintaining public order and safety, preserving national security, and protecting the environment and labor.

After briefly indicating in the first section how the project for this book arose and its connection with a companion work on assertion and speech acts, the Introduction articulates two fundamental assumptions of the views I’ll be advancing, which are shared by the companion work. A first assumption is that kinds like fiction and assertion have at their core a ‘natural’ kind; a second assumption is that philosophical theories like the ones advanced here have to a good extent a fictive character, which I understand by analogy with the interpretation of fiction, as that undertaking will be explained in the account on offer here. Sections ii and iii will develop these ideas. Section iv provides a brief account of the structure of the book, the topics it will cover, and how it might be read.

‘Remote work’ and ‘telework’, which used to be regarded as exceptional subcategories of labor engagement, became the norm for white collar workers during the pandemic. Recent years have seen the advent of hybrid labor arrangements, where work is directly or indirectly provided through apps or similar pieces of software and other technological innovations. The overarching work digitization phenomenon is defined by increasing delocalisation and fragmentation of workplaces, and by algorithmic management. Even work typically performed on-site includes nowadays elements of delocalization. This chapter revisits our understanding of ‘teleworking’ and examines the appropriateness of existing collective labor law institutions to address the needs and particular conditions of workers engaged in digitized hybrid work. It considers that a solution may lie with the extension of the scope and focus of the rights to collective organization and action, and with a re-evaluation of their substantive content. The chapter seeks solutions in worker empowerment through the redeployment of collective labor rights and institutions. The chapter also briefly touches upon illustrative case studies that provide glimpses into possible avenues of traditional and alternative collective action tactics. The relevant current EU framework is used to contextualize the discussion.