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This chapter partly argues that entering conflict is a lot easier than exiting conflict and that there are no quick, easy solutions. It also acknowledges that there is no neat universal solution, for wherever people attempt to build peace, while the challenge will be the same there will be differences of context, memory, ambition, personality, resources and outcome. It reviews critical developments in the Northern Ireland peace process, concluding that there is a time for moving on.
This Dispatch examines how religious symbolism and anti-migrant mobilization converged in Poland in mid-2025 to perform a sanctified politics of protection. Focusing on Catholic sermons, protests, and citizen border patrols, it shows how exclusion is recast as moral duty and care. Drawing on publicly circulated materials, the analysis develops the concept of affective legitimacy to capture moments when moral rightfulness is enacted through emotion, ritual, and ethical vocabularies as institutional trust wanes. The Polish case is treated as a diagnostic vignette of an emergent repertoire in which protection is felt rather than procedurally justified, highlighting how democratic authority can be reconfigured through affective publics rather than liberal-democratic accountability.
This chapter considers the impact of the law and legal change on medical men who fell into debt, and examines both bankruptcy and insolvency as discrete processes in more detail. The London Gazette was central to the implementation of both bankruptcy and insolvency law because it advertised notice of legal process to creditors. The chapter also considers an additional indicator of financial hardship: the need to draw on medical charity. It analyses what might be considered the most obvious indication of career turbulence in any occupation: the inability to make a financial living. The availability of money for men, in addition to widows or orphans, makes the Medical Benevolent Fund of particular interest and relevance to the consideration of medical hardship. Financial turbulence, hardship, and associated legal processes were a reality for a minority of all practitioners, and a recurrent one for the unfortunate few.
While supported decision-making for persons with dynamic cognitive impairment has been considered in the context of medical treatment, there has been little attention to its application in the context of enrolling cognitively impaired subjects in clinical research. The Common Rule allows enrollment permission from a Legally Authorized Representative, one empowered under institutional policy to provide consent for subjects lacking decision-making capacity, but many Legally Authorized Representatives lack knowledge of the person’s values and preferences adequate to an ethically valid judgement about research enrollment. Supported decision-making and surrogate decision-making can be complementary as subjects transition between impairment stages, providing an opportunity to address ethical problems with the current practice of reliance on uninformed surrogates. Through designation of a supporter who is willing to serve through the progression of impairment, dementia patients choose their supporter and ultimate surrogate, engage with them on the issues that later give rise to requests to enroll the subject in research, and ensure that the surrogate will have knowledge of the values and preferences of the subject necessary to an ethically defensible substituted judgement. Legal frameworks can be adapted to provide recognition of research enrollment as an area of valid decision by supporters on behalf of beneficiaries.
This presidential address discusses the developing body of research on the quality and idiosyncrasies of historical data, focusing in particular on historical census microdata. I argue that greater attention to source criticism as a genuine subfield of social science history is essential for four reasons: to fully benefit from the expansion of big historical data, to imagine new ways to analyze historical data beyond the intentions of creators, to share insights with a wider range of scholars, and to contribute nuanced perspectives on historical data to public debates surrounding the use of these sources. I contend that historians outside social science history are vastly underestimating the creativity that is happening in our field. I also argue that social science historians are underestimating how important our work is to informing public discourse.
Following the dismantling of Antoine Gizenga's opposition regime in Stanleyville in 1962, the exiled Lumumbists had found refuge in neighbouring Congo-Brazzaville. The re-emergence of Tshombe and the re-invigoration of the British network of relations with other African states produced a storm of protest against British and American Congo policy when the Stanleyville hostage crisis came to a head in November 1964. Godley followed his tirade against the rebels on 21 November with an urgent message that Stanleyville had deteriorated into a situation of panic. This sense of panic was convenient to Godley's objective of forcing Washington's hand to order the deployment of Dragon Rouge, a rescue plan which had been under negotiation with Belgium since early November. At the root of the Foreign Office's reflections on the Congo crisis, their visions of the role and utility of the UN in managing the decolonisation and ordering the world remained fundamentally different.
To examine the prevalence, financial value, and marketing leveraging methods of food sponsorship agreements and food service contracts in Canadian recreation and sport facilities (RSFs).
Design:
Cross-sectional survey using descriptive analysis. RSF managers and directors reported the number, value, and types of marketing leveraging methods used in food-related sponsorship agreements and food service contracts.
Setting:
Publicly funded RSFs in nine Canadian provinces that provide indoor sport programming for children and youth.
Participants:
Eighty-six RSF representatives completed the survey (response rate: 73.9%). Most facilities were municipally owned and located in urban settings; over 70% served children under 13 years.
Results:
Food sponsorship agreements and food service contracts were reported by 36.5% and 65.5% of RSFs, respectively. Financial donations were included in 88.6% of sponsorship agreements and 27.4% of contracts. Sponsors contributed a median of 25.0% (IQR: 13.9%, 83.3%) of total sponsorship income, with a median annual donation per sponsor of $500 (IQR: $288, $1,375). Nearly all agreements and contracts included at least one food marketing leveraging method. Branded signage was the most common in sponsorship agreements (64.6%), while equipment donation was most common in food service contracts (52.2%).
Conclusions and Implications:
Food sponsorship and service agreements are prevalent in Canadian RSFs and include financial and in-kind contributions that may benefit facilities. However, the marketing leveraging methods used—such as branded signage and product provision—may also increase children’s exposure to food marketing. Greater monitoring and evaluation of these marketing practices is needed, especially in the context of proposed national marketing restrictions.
Dominic Mitchell's BAFTA award-winning three-part series In the Flesh was first broadcast on BBC3 in March 2013, with a second six-part series following in May 2014. This chapter argues that the series participates in the contemporary mass-cultural deployment of the zombie as a means of exposing and exploring the impact of neoliberal economics on the social and cultural organisation of the world and, in turn, the models of subjectivity available to its inhabitants. In its deployment of mad science, its depiction of the dungeons of Big Pharma's contemporary torture-house and the bleak wildness of the rain-lashed northern moors, in its broken urban estates and hellfire-preaching villages, In the Flesh undertakes a highly gothic queering of neoliberal England. Thus it interrogates both the contemporary state of the nation and the rights, responsibilities and subjectivity of us all.
This chapter provides an analytical framework for an understanding of peacemaking, set within the academic discourse on the subject. It sets out the historical context within which thinking about peace developed from ancient Greece and Rome to current exponents. It presents key themes important for twenty-first century peacemaking, notably the complex nature of contemporary conflicts and the global nature of the forces exerted on them, root causes, sub and supra state structures and multi-level challenges. It highlights the global character of the twenty-first century peace challenge and the necessity for any response to be cosmopolitian-multicultural, universalist-globalist and focused on accepting diversity and transcending conflict and division through progress on common goals and recognition of common humanity.