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72708 results in African studies

Page 104 of 3636

  • Dynamics of Land Governance, Extractivism, Urban Tech and Waste Infrastructures, and the Everyday State in Contemporary Africa

  • Nnanna Onuoha Arukwe
  • Journal:
    African Studies Review / Volume 68 / Issue 1 / March 2025
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    06 December 2024, pp. 133-143
    • Article
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  • In the development discourse, there has been a tendency to frame the Global South, especially Africa, as a perpetual recipient of ideas from the Global North. This has led to the implementing of “development” initiatives based on the unsuccessful modernization paradigm and the associated Washington Consensus. Despite the emergence of counter theories such as dependency and underdevelopment theories, they share similar assumptions with the modernization paradigm. These assumptions include the belief that historical change brings development or progress, the sidelining of noneconomic factors like ethnicity, race, and gender, and the sole emphasis on economic growth as a measure of development. Both models assume that the state should primarily drive advancement. To address the weaknesses of these development models, alternative perspectives such as women and development, women in development, and gender and development were introduced. However, these perspectives would be integrated into the mainstream development discourse, diluting their impact.

Money, Value, and the State
  • Sovereignty and Citizenship in East Africa
  • Kevin P. Donovan
  • Published online:
    05 December 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • Decolonization in East Africa was more than a political event: it was a step towards economic self-determination. In this innovative book, historian and anthropologist Kevin Donovan analyses the contradictions of economic sovereignty and citizenship in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, placing money, credit, and smuggling at the center of the region's shifting fortunes. Using detailed archival and ethnographic research undertaken across the region, Donovan reframes twentieth century statecraft and argues that self-determination was, at most, partially fulfilled, with state monetary infrastructures doing as much to produce divisions and inequality as they did to produce nations. A range of dissident practices, including smuggling and counterfeiting, arose as people produced value on their own terms. Weaving together discussions of currency controls, bank nationalizations and coffee smuggling with wider conceptual interventions, Money, Value and the State traces the struggles between bankers, bureaucrats, farmers and smugglers that shaped East Africa's postcolonial political economy.

  • 39 - Utii

  • Shaaban Robert
  • Book:
    Kielezo cha Insha
    Published by:
    Wits University Press
    Published online:
    17 April 2025
    Print publication:
    01 December 2024, pp 75-76

  • Summary

    • 1. Utii ni amri moja katika amri kubwa

    • 2. Utii wa mwili na akili

    • 3. Utii mapema katika utoto

    • 4. Kazi, skuli au jeshi huchafuka bila utii

    • 5. Katika maisha ya raia na utawala

    • 6. Huua tofauti, huleta uchovu

    Utii ni amri moja katika amri kubwa za Mungu, tena amri yenyewe ina maana kubwa kabisa. Adamu na Hawa walitakiwa kutii. Hapana ujinga mkubwa katika maisha kama kufikiri kwamba mtu aweza kuishi bila utii wowote.

    Kwa ajili ya kuendesha vema sheria au maisha lazima pawe na utii. Utii ni kazi ya kudumisha amri mahali pa machafuko. Kuna utii wa mwili na wa akili. Mwili ulioadabishwa, kama askari, hutii amri kama mashine. Akili iliyoadabishwa haishikwi na hasira ghafula. Hatuwezi kufunzwa utii na wengine siku zote. Lazima tujifunze sisi wenyewe.

    Utii ndiyo njia bora ya kuweka msingi kwa ubora kwa wakati ujao wa mtoto. Lazima afunzwe kutii wazee na walimu wake, kuamka na kulala bila kuchelewa, kujifunza masomo yake na kutakasa mwili wake. Kuna wazee waharibuo watoto kwa kuwaruhusu kutenda lolote wapendalo kwa sababu ya mapenzi. Wadhani kwamba utii ni utumwa, namna ya neno litazamiwalo kwa watumishi. Lakini si utumwa. Ni adili ya kutengeneza uhuru wa mtoto. Mtoto asiyeadabishwa atakuwa mtu mwenye fujo ya mawazo na matendo ya ujinga.

    Utii una maana kubwa sana katika madaraka au sheria. Kazi ambayo watumishi wake huja wakatoka wakati wowote wapendao, itajiona katika orodha ya kufilisika mara moja. Skuli, ambayo walimu na wanafunzi huja wakati wowote wapendao, yachekesha sana kufikiri. Utii si udhalimu. Jeshi bila utii huwa kama kundi la watoto watukutu. Hadithi hutwambia kwamba jeshi la askari milioni moja wasioadabishwa hushindwa upesi na jeshi la askari elfu tano walioadabishwa. Kwa hivyo, utii ni sehemu kubwa ya mafundisho ya jeshi. Kosa dogo la utii huadhibiwa kwa ukali.

    Katika maisha ya raia na utawala wa nchi, utii hufaa sana. Serikali huongoza utawala kwa msaada wa kikosi kidogo sana cha polisi au askari. Lakini hufaulu, kwa sababu ya utii. Toka kwa Gavana mpaka kwa mtumishi mdogo kabisa, kila mtu hutii amri, lao si kuuliza kwa nini, ila ikipasa, kutenda au kufa. Kwa hivi utii hupasa kwa serikali. Hupasa vile vile kwa kila jamii ya watu.

Page 104 of 3636