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Galen of Pergamum, known as 'the prince of medicine', is an important figure not only for the history of medicine but also for ancient philosophy, history of ideas and cultural history. In this book, Aistė Čelkytė explores Galenic physiology and examines how this highly influential figure theorised the unity of the multi-part, ever-moving and ever-changing human body. She approaches this question by first studying how Galen 'takes the body apart', that is, the different divisions of the body into parts that he proposes, and then how he 'puts it back together', that is, his use of philosophical tools to posit the vital unity among these parts. She then looks at Galen's theorisation of human nature, his understanding of parthood, the hierarchies between the parts that underpin vital functions, the 'mechanisms' that make the body one, and Galen's understanding of the body as a multifaceted but unified whole.
This paper reconsiders the term ‘Generation of the Thirties’ in modern Greek art, arguing that the artists retrospectively grouped under this label emerged mainly after the Second World War and were united by a time-specific pursuit of ‘Greekness’. It examines how their synthesis of local tradition and European modernism reflected post-war quests for national identity and was shaped by Cold War cultural politics and mass media stereotypes. It traces the history of the term ‘Generation of the Thirties’ in art, explores its academic and curatorial consolidation in the late 1970s, and examines why it became attractive during the Metapolitefsi era.
This article investigates the boundaries of the chronological-cultural unit of ‘Early Greece’, a phrase widely used in scholarship but which has little taxonomic meaning. I argue that the phrase, and the values that it encodes, continues to exist in a traditional evolutionary framework of cultural development within the Greek world. Through a bibliographical case study, I further demonstrate that there are different chronological understandings of ‘Early Greece’ within different subdisciplines, with material-based scholarship applying it predominantly to the Early Iron Age and text-based scholarship predominantly to the Archaic period. Following this, the article connects ‘Early Greece’ with protohistory, particularly through the lens of Homer references, and explores the ways in which the positionality of ‘Early Greece’ emphasizes the authority of textual sources over material ones and continues to articulate an under-defined vision of Greece centred on the fifth century BCE.
Hieratic was the most widely used script in ancient Egypt, but is today relatively unknown outside Egyptology. Generally written with ink and a brush, it was the script of choice for most genres of text, in contrast to hieroglyphs which was effectively a monumental script. The surviving papyri, ostraca and writing boards attest to the central role of hieratic in Egyptian written culture, and suggest that the majority of literate people were first (and not infrequently only) trained in the cursive script. This Element traces the long history of hieratic from its decipherment in the nineteenth century back to its origins around 2500 BC, and explores its development over time, the different factors influencing its appearance, and the way it was taught and used.