Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  1. Home
  2. Browse subjects
  3. Earth and Environmental Sciences
  4. Solid Earth Geophysics
  5. Content listing

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

31726 results in Solid Earth Geophysics

Page 90 of 1587

  • 24 - Climatic Consequences and Agricultural Impacts of Nuclear Conflicts

  • from Part VII - Future Earth and Risk, Safety and Security
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 328-340

  • Summary

    Nuclear-armed countries are a threat to people everywhere partly because of the destructive power of single weapons – one weapon is enough to destroy a small city – and partly because of the growing ability of nations to launch missiles across the globe. There are now about fifteen thousand nuclear weapons, mainly in Russia and theUnited States but also about one thousand in Britain, China, France, India, Israel, North Korea and Pakistan. Nuclear war is an assault on the global climate system caused by smoke from fires ignited by the bombs used against urban centers. As the smoke rapidly spreads globally in the stratosphere it will absorb sunlight, preventing it from reaching the surface, which will reduce surface temperatures and rainfall. The sunlight absorbed by the smoke will also heat the stratosphere, destroying the global ozone layer that shields us from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The deaths from these environmental changes would likely be a factor of 10 or more larger than the direct casualties from the explosions – potentially threatening the bulk of the human population – and would not be limited to the combatants.

  • 16 - Nutrition Science and Future Earth: Current Nutritional Policy Dilemmas

  • from Part V - Future Earth and Urban Environments
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 209-222

  • Summary

    Over-population and climate change, principally attributable to ecosystem loss and degradation together with the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels for energy, compromise our food and potable water systems. If these problems are reversed, as they might by 2050, humans may survive on a planet that may undergo limited, but sustainable recovery. In the meantime, our food patterns need to change to ones more biodiverse and plant-based and to be less fossil fuel dependent and not wasteful. This should ameliorate the changes in health patterns, especially as we have come to understand that we ourselves are ecological creatures, intimately connected to our environment. Therefore, we suffer environmental health disorders (EHDs) when our environment fails. Nutrition science has environmental, societal, economic as well biomedical dimensions. We have surveillance and monitoring ecosystem assessment and management tools with which to act and multiple systems to engage, including those of food, health and sustainable development. Economically, we need to shift from indices of growth to those of livelihood and provide a currency for it.

  • 2 - Future Earth and Expected Mega Changes

  • from Part I - Future Earth and Planetary Issues
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 15-27

  • Summary

    Natural factors (solar and volcanic activities, orbital changes, etc.) changed the Earth’s climate in the past. Climate change nowadays differs. Human influence on the climate system is clear, and recent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are the highest in history. Current continued emission rate of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible detrimental impacts for people and ecosystems. Warmer temperature, reduced surface and groundwater resources, increased extreme events, sea level rise, ocean acidification, extinction of species, melting glaciers, reduced permafrost extent, loss of Amazon rain forest, widespread drought and undermined food security, increased poverty and hunger, increased displacement of people, exacerbated human health problems and national security implications are some of the expected mega changes in the Future Earth. While stressing these threats, we are actually expressing a longing for a better world for our future and our children.

  • 5 - Satellite Remote Sensing of Hydrological Change

  • from Part II - Future Earth and Geodetic Issues
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 57-71

  • Summary

    The value of satellite remotely sensed data is especially relevant in the context of global hydrological modelling, which provides important information on the status and spatio-temporal changes of water resources worldwide. Satellites can be used to monitor the water cycle under human impact, to calculate the fluxes of water through rainfall, surface and groundwater runoff, evaporation, transpiration and condensation. Using the water balance equation as a basis, we discuss in detail the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and a small sample of other contributing missions, such as the Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Tropical Rainfall Measuring (TRMM), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We conclude the chapter with perspectives and requirements for the future, and we stress the need for continuous, long-term monitoring of the global water cycle from space.

  • 28 - Future Earth, Climate Change, and Global Change: Future Earth’s Ocean

  • from Part VIII - Climate Change and Global Change
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 379-387

  • Summary

    To obtain ocean information in an international, more efficient, more integrated, and fit-for-purpose way requires co-design, co-production and co-dissemination of knowledge. The UN’s 2030 Agenda for sustainable development has for the first time explicitly articulated a focussed ocean goal. Science needs to define smart targets for “ocean health” as a goal for ocean sustainability. Future Earth together with its science partner organisations is well positioned to facilitate the formation of trans-disciplinary teams that can address these challenges through an integrative Knowledge–Action Network (KAN). Future Earth Knowledge–Action Networks are collaborative frameworks stimulating highly integrative sustainability research. Their aim is to generate the multifaceted knowledge needed to inform solutions for complex societal issues. Future Earth and its ocean partners are in the process of establishing an Ocean Knowledge–Action Network (Ocean KAN) responding to demands that have been elaborated and articulated by the science community.

  • 13 - Asian Groundwater Perspectives on Global Change and Future Earth

  • from Part IV - Future Earth and Regions
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 179-186

  • Summary

    Sustainable Asian groundwater perspectives are discussed in this chapter by examining groundwater hydrology in conjunction with oceanographic, geothermal and geodesic aspects. Subsurface environmental changes in Asia due to urbanization and global change include groundwater storage changes as detected by the geodesy satellite GRACE and others. Subsurface warming due to global warming and urbanization is another issue in Asia that is related to geothermal energy sources. Land–ocean interaction and groundwater contaminant loads from land to the ocean in Asia are related to oceanography. The groundwater footprint and integrated water management for sustainability are discussed as a means of transformation to sustainable water use in Asia for the future of the Earth.

  • 17 - Air Pollution and Human Health Risk Reduction: The Case Study of Delhi Megacity, India

  • from Part V - Future Earth and Urban Environments
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 223-236

  • Summary

    Urbanization has caused irreversible changes. Apart from fostering development, urban areas have modified their surroundings. Annual and seasonal pollution averages from 2006 to 2010 reveal that there are apparent increases in pollution levels, especially for NO2, SPM and RSPM. However, these pollution levels are not constant; rather, they fluctuate with the seasonal changes. These changes impact human health. The link between health and environment is complex. The impact of air pollution on human health has been analyzed by correlating air pollution levels and number of deaths caused by it. Results reveal that asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia are responsible for most deaths due to air pollution in Delhi. Spatial and temporal analysis of mortality from these diseases presented for Delhi (2001–2012) reveals that there has been an increase in the number of deaths of children due to respiratory illness. The other major age group facing the impact of rising pollution levels is the age group greater than 60 years old.

  • 21 - The Impact of Global Climate Change on Nutrition Security: A Multidimensional Challenge

  • from Part VI - Future Earth and Food Security
  • Edited by Tom Beer, Jianping Li, Beijing Normal University, Keith Alverson
  • Book:
    Global Change and Future Earth
    Published online:
    22 October 2018
    Print publication:
    18 October 2018, pp 275-295

  • Summary

    Climate change threatens agricultural food production as the latter depends on weather conditions, water supply and sunlight intensity. The steady increase of average temperatures during the growing season and drought occurrence, on the one hand, and of extreme weather events such as floods, hail and late frosts, on the other, is projected to result in losses of agricultural output. Technological progress, the introduction of more resistant crop varieties together with the “fertilizing” effect of higher atmospheric CO2 levels may compensate for some of the losses. Exposure to heat and drought also influences the composition of many important food and feed crops such as cereals and oil seeds, changing their content of essential nutrients and often lowering their nutritional value. Moreover, climate change threatens not only the production of food but also its storage and transport. Altered climate will shift the distribution of pests, fungi and microorganisms and may lead to higher food prices.

Page 90 of 1587