To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
This textbook offers a foundational overview of cognitive psychology, balancing accessible writing, practical applications, and research. By incorporating biological perspectives throughout, the authors provide a concise introduction to human cognition and its evolution over time as a means of adapting to our environment. Chapters cover key topics including cognitive neuroscience, attention and consciousness, perception, memory, knowledge representation, language, problem-solving and creativity, decision-making and reasoning, cognitive development, and intelligence. This seventh edition also introduces new content on human intelligence, consolidated into a final chapter. With its 'from lab to life' approach, the authors provide thorough coverage of theory, lab, and field research, while continually highlighting real-world applications to everyday life.
Attention to the body is an exciting emerging dimension of anthropological research. A collection of diverse conversations contributed by a global team of scholars, this Handbook is a state-of-the-field survey of the anthropology of the body, revealing dialogues between anthropological traditions that inform the study of the body. A focus on the body has animated subfields such as the anthropology of religion, medical anthropology, and the anthropology of performance, and rekindled interest in kinship and materiality. Chapters are organized around six central themes – flesh, motion, formation, knowledge, management, and entanglement – giving readers a holistic sense of the diverse analytical possibilities within the anthropology of the body. Showing the unique combinations that material and metaphorical aspects of the body take across different ethnographic and epistemic contexts, this Handbook is essential reading for students and scholars of social, cultural, and medical anthropology.
This comprehensive and integrative guide to the evolution of human culture offers a unified introduction to one of today's most dynamic interdisciplinary fields. Drawing on research from the Stockholm School of Cultural Evolution, it explains how complex human cultures arise from simple learning mechanisms and social interactions. Across eleven accessible chapters, leading scholars trace the deep origins of culture in animal behavior, explore the evolution of language and technology, model the spread of ideas and norms, and examine how large-scale cultural systems emerge and transform. Bridging biology, psychology, archaeology, linguistics, intellectual history, and complex-systems science, this volume demonstrates how minimalist, domain-general principles can account for the extraordinary diversity of human cultures. Written for students and researchers across the social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences, it provides a coherent, up-to-date framework for understanding what culture is and how it changes.
The third edition of this essential introductory text has been fully updated in light of the genomics revolution. Providing authoritative and engaging coverage for students and professionals of conservation genetics and genomics, conservation biology, and wildlife biology, the authors explain the underpinning mathematics clearly and accessibly throughout. The critical link between theory and practice, so often obscured in applied genetics, is illuminated in each chapter through examples of diverse conservation issues (including strengthened plant coverage), the solutions needed, and detailed step-by-step guides on how genetic principles can be applied. Self-learning is further facilitated through problem sets with solutions, case studies, main point boxes, symbol and software lists, and approximately 600 engaging full-color photos and 300 graphics which relate genetic processes to species level conservation. Highlighting the interdependence between 'ecology' and 'genetics,' this text is educationally rich and visually stunning.
Surrogacy is a rapidly evolving global phenomenon that raises profound legal, ethical, and social questions. This book offers a pioneering Rights-Based Pyramid Approach, balancing adults' rights through liberty, equality, and vulnerability, to secure the best interests of children at the centre. Drawing on extensive empirical research in Sri Lanka, alongside comparative analysis of India and the UK, it provides a uniquely context-sensitive perspective on how surrogacy laws can and should respond to real-world challenges. A distinctive feature of this book is its examination of how one country's laws impact surrogacy both within and beyond national borders, shaping practices, markets, and policy responses across regions. Written in clear, accessible language, the book bridges academic and practical debates, making it essential reading for students, researchers, and professionals in law, bioethics, gender studies, social policy, sociology, psychology, and public health, as well as policymakers and practitioners seeking a comprehensive yet practical guide.
Throughout decades of research, motivation remains a vital part of psychology and other areas of the behavioural sciences. Frederick Toates explores this important psychological and biological process through an integrative account of how internal and external influences shape the decision making that guides and activates behaviour. Now extensively updated and expanded for modern readership, this textbook is equally accessible to undergraduates and engaging for academics. Drawing on psychology, neuroscience, and ethology, it presents a uniquely synthesised perspective of what motivates us. The chapters pull together diverse phenomena under one conceptual roof, including newly examined causes of behaviour such as the motivation associated with pain. Richly illustrated with personal anecdotes and examples from leading figures in the behavioural sciences, the text is accompanied by a test bank. This clear and supportive guide reveals how motivation systems take shape from the interactions between brain, body, and environment.
This book explores the nexus between ecological research and restoration through the long-term Mulligans Flat – Goorooyarroo Woodland Experiment. It synthesises 20 years of collaboration between researchers, government decision-makers, and conservation practitioners, offering valuable insights into the challenges, successes, and best practices of ecological restoration.Designed for researchers, policymakers, and restoration practitioners, this book is an essential guide to establishing long-term restoration projects with multiple partner organisations. Challenges and successes are discussed throughout, with chapter summaries highlighting key takeaways, making it a practical resource for both practitioners and academics. A dedicated chapter on Synthesis for Ecological Teaching distils insights from the Recovering Threatened Species and Ecosystems course developed at The Australian National University, providing an invaluable case study for undergraduate, graduate, and professional education. The book concludes with reflections from land managers and a vision for future directions to guide to the integration of research and restoration for lasting ecological impact.
This book presents an interdisciplinary survey at the intersection of music, creativity, and medicine. Featuring contributions from medical doctors, psychologists, and musicians, it surveys thought-provoking findings in the music-medical borderlands. Experts in neuroscience explore the cerebral underpinnings of music, from auditory-motor interactions, to rhythm, to the role of music in therapy, epilepsy, and cognitive disorders. Case studies describe medical biographies of musical masters, including Beethoven's deafness, Schumann's deterioration, Ravel's dementia, and Gershwin's brain tumor. There are accompanying studio recordings from the volume editors. Students, researchers, or anyone interested in the new frontiers of music in medicine will find original cross-disciplinary connections in this volume.
Unlock the secrets of scientific articles with CERIC: Claim, Evidence, Reasoning, Implications, and Context. This approachable guide helps readers break down dense articles into their core arguments using a focused hunt-and-seek approach, enabling deeper insight and engagement with the research literature. Each chapter features worked examples drawn from multiple scientific disciplines, pre-empts common misunderstandings, and provides knowledge checks to reinforce learning. Readers emerge able to identify and evaluate claims and evidence, spot gaps in reasoning, and articulate their findings through presentations and literature critiques – skills essential for success in higher education, industry, and informed citizenship. Whether you are an undergraduate tackling your first research article, a graduate student preparing a literature review, or an instructor teaching scientific literacy, the evidence-based CERIC Method transforms reading apprehension into confidence. Accompanying student and instructor supplements can be found online, with further discipline-specific examples and guidance on course preparation and professional development.
Aimed at practising biologists, especially graduate students and researchers in ecology, this revised and expanded 3rd edition continues to explore cause-effect relationships through a series of robust statistical methods. Every chapter has been updated, and two brand-new chapters cover statistical power, Akaike information criterion statistics and equivalent models, and piecewise structural equation modelling with implicit latent variables. A new R package (pwSEM) is included to assist with the latter. The book offers advanced coverage of essential topics, including d-separation tests and path analysis, and equips biologists with the tools needed to carry out analyses in the open-source R statistical environment. Writing in a conversational style that minimises technical jargon, Shipley offers an accessible text that assumes only a very basic knowledge of introductory statistics, incorporating real-world examples that allow readers to make connections between biological phenomena and the underlying statistical concepts.
This Element explores the evolutionary role of small groups as key actors in shaping human adaptability, resilience, and societal development. Drawing on cultural evolutionary theory and interdisciplinary scholarship, it illuminates the world-making and transformative capacities of small groups as primary agents of cooperative communication, cultural innovation, and transmission. Through historical and contemporary case studies from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, it examines how small groups function both as catalysts for moral imagination, cooperation, and democratic renewal, and as drivers of destructive ideologies and social disintegration. The study also reassesses the relevance of evolutionary insights for addressing the major crises of the twenty-first century. By critically engaging with foundational thinkers and ongoing debates on democratic and institutional innovation, this Element offers insights for scholars, policymakers, and civic actors committed to empowering communities and countering authoritarian regression.
R is fast becoming ubiquitous in the environmental sciences to analyse data. This book introduces environmental modeling and R. It assumes no background in either coding or calculus. It offers real-world examples, fully described programs, and detailed exercises. Readers learn how to analyse large datasets, create beautiful images, thoughtfully utilize the benefits of AI, and use techniques like optimization and sensitivity analysis in their modelling of complex environmental systems. Using examples from a range of environmental topics – including ecology, conservation, and climate science - the book will interest readers from a broad range of environmental and conservation sciences. Most graduate programs in environmental science and sustainability use R because it is both open source and powerful. R is common in government and consulting work, so students that go on to more advanced environmental modelling courses and potentially careers in the environmental field will find a grounding in R very useful.
The Neandertals (Homo neanderthalensis) are an extinct human species closely related to modern humans. They have the most extensive and well-documented fossil record of any fossil human group, allowing for a detailed understanding of their skeletal anatomy. This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on Neandertals, presenting an in-depth exploration of their paleobiology through both qualitative and quantitative analyses. Contributions from leading experts provide detailed examinations of specific anatomical regions, ensuring authoritative and meticulously researched content. Each chapter integrates cutting-edge findings, drawing from extensive research and publication histories. This volume serves as an essential resource for advanced students, scholars, and professionals in anthropology, paleontology, and related fields. Whether as a comprehensive reference or a teaching tool, it is indispensable for those interested in the intricate study of Neandertal anatomy, evolution, and their place in human history.
The scientific study of consciousness features a vast array of conflicting theories, but cross-disciplinary exchange between researchers from different camps is not always prevalent. This book seeks to address these complexities by providing a thorough introduction to the field while remaining accessible to those new to the topic. By exploring empirical methods, surveying a variety of competing theories, and outlining challenges for current approaches, it equips readers with the tools to evaluate existing theories. It also showcases contributions from the originators and leading proponents of today's most influential theories, providing unparalleled depth and clarity into diverse theoretical perspectives. Offering a thorough overview of scientific consciousness studies, this book presents new perspectives on a topic that has long puzzled scientists and philosophers alike.
Discrepancies in iodized salt coverage rate (ISCR) between household salt and that used in catering establishments may significantly compromise the accuracy of dietary iodine intake assessments. To evaluate this impact, we analyzed data from the 2023 Shanghai Diet and Health Survey, a cross-sectional study involving 2920 adults. Dietary intake was assessed using three 24-hour dietary recalls and a food frequency questionnaire, while condiment intake was collected using the weighed inventory method. Additionally, salt samples from 960 canteens and restaurants were tested to determine the ISCR in dining establishments. Results showed that the ISCR was 85.9% in dining establishments, markedly higher than the 53.3% observed in households. Among employed participants in Shanghai, 51.7%, 56.1%, and 18.7% reported consuming breakfast, lunch, and dinner outside the home at least once during the three-day study period, respectively. The estimated daily iodine intake was 101 μg/day when dining-out salt was assumed to have the same ISCR as household salt, but it increased to 118 μg/day after accounting for the ISCR discrepancy. In conclusion, the rising prevalence of eating out has reshaped residents’ dietary habits, rendering traditional household-centric survey methods inadequate for iodine intake estimation in Shanghai. Incorporating ISCR differences between household and dining settings is essential for more accurate dietary iodine assessments.
The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) – the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity – poses a critical global health challenge, particularly for children and adolescents. School meal programs offer an opportunity to address the DBM by providing nutritious meals that support growth, development, and lifelong health. However, limited school meal quality data hinders effective program design. This study evaluates global school meal quality through nutrient composition analyses and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS)-Meal and -Menu metrics.
Design:
Data were collected from the Global Child Nutrition Foundation’s 2024 Global Survey of School Meal Programs, grey literature, and in-country stakeholders. Nutritional content was compared to age-specific Nutrient Reference Values, including Harmonized Average Requirements. The nutritional quality of meals and menus was assessed using GDQS metrics based on 25 food groups.
Setting:
Twenty-nine countries across diverse geographic and socioeconomic contexts.
Participants:
Not applicable.
Results:
Most menus met or exceeded 30% of recommended daily nutrient values. Lunches had the highest nutrient contributions, followed by snacks and breakfasts. GDQS-Meal and -Menu scores revealed variability across age groups, meal types, and countries. Overall, 57% of menus achieved high nutritional quality, 37% medium, and 6% low. Few menus lost points for unhealthy components. Diverse, balanced menus with healthy food groups scored higher, though fortification also proved nutritionally valuable.
Conclusions:
While most menus contribute significantly to daily nutrient needs, variability across countries, age groups, and meal types highlights opportunities for context-specific improvements through diversification and fortification. Learning from high-performing peer programs can help identify feasible improvements.
This study evaluated the dynamics of the bacterial community in mixtures of forage cactus and sorghum silage at different proportions, subjected to aerobic exposure periods, without or with faecal contamination. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, with two forage cactus proportions (20% and 80%), absence or presence of faecal contamination, and four aerobic exposure times (0, 6, 12, and 24 h). Fermentation profile, chemical composition, microbial populations, and bacterial diversity were evaluated. A higher proportion of forage cactus resulted in increased pH and greater proliferation of enterobacteria, with detection of Escherichia coli after aerobic exposure. In contrast, mixtures containing 20% forage cactus and 80% sorghum silage showed greater fermentative stability, characterized by higher lactic acid production, reduced growth of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, and lower abundance of undesirable bacterial groups after 24 h of exposure. The combination of 20% forage cactus and 80% sorghum silage was more effective in preserving the microbiological and fermentative quality of the mixture during aerobic exposure.