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106129 results in Materials Science

Page 829 of 5307

Phase Equilibria, Phase Diagrams and Phase Transformations
  • Their Thermodynamic Basis
  • 2nd edition
  • Mats Hillert
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    22 November 2007
  • Computational tools allow material scientists to model and analyze increasingly complicated systems to appreciate material behavior. Accurate use and interpretation however, requires a strong understanding of the thermodynamic principles that underpin phase equilibrium, transformation and state. This fully revised and updated edition covers the fundamentals of thermodynamics, with a view to modern computer applications. The theoretical basis of chemical equilibria and chemical changes is covered with an emphasis on the properties of phase diagrams. Starting with the basic principles, discussion moves to systems involving multiple phases. New chapters cover irreversible thermodynamics, extremum principles, and the thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces. Theoretical descriptions of equilibrium conditions, the state of systems at equilibrium and the changes as equilibrium is reached, are all demonstrated graphically. With illustrative examples - many computer calculated - and worked examples, this textbook is an valuable resource for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in materials science and engineering.

Mechanical Behavior of Materials
  • William F. Hosford
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    02 May 2005
  • This textbook is for courses on Mechanical Behavior of Materials taught in departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science. The text includes numerous examples and problems for student practice. The book emphasizes quantitative problem solving. End of the chapter notes are included to increase students' interest. This text differs from others because the treatment of plasticity has greater emphasis on the interrelationship of the flow, effective strain and effective stress and their use in conjunction with yield criteria to solve problems. The treatment of defects is new. Schmid's law is generalized for complex stress states. Its use with strains allows for prediction of R-values for textures. Another feature is the treatment of lattice rotations and how they lead to deformation textures. The chapter on fracture mechanics includes coverage of Gurney's approach. Much of the analysis of particulate composites is new. Few texts include anything on metal forming.

Metal Forming
  • Mechanics and Metallurgy
  • 4th edition
  • William F. Hosford, Robert M. Caddell
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    07 February 2011
  • This book helps the engineer understand the principles of metal forming and analyze forming problems - both the mechanics of forming processes and how the properties of metals interact with the processes. In this fourth edition, an entire chapter has been devoted to forming limit diagrams and various aspects of stamping and another on other sheet forming operations. Sheet testing is covered in a separate chapter. Coverage of sheet metal properties has been expanded. Interesting end-of-chapter notes have been added throughout, as well as references. More than 200 end-of-chapter problems are also included.

Physics and Chemistry of Earth Materials
  • 6th edition
  • Alexandra Navrotsky
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    25 November 1994
  • With an approach that stresses the fundamental solid state behaviour of minerals, and with emphasis on both theory and experiment, this 1995 text surveys the physics and chemistry of earth materials. It starts with a systematic tour of crystal chemistry of both simple and complex structures (with completely new structural drawings) and discusses how structural and thermodynamic information is obtained experimentally. The quantitative concepts of chemical bonding - band theory, molecular orbit and ionic models - are reviewed. The book goes on to discuss physical properties and to relate microscopic features to macroscopic thermodynamic behaviour. The book then discusses high pressure phase transitions, amorphous materials and solid state reactions, and concludes with a look at the interface between mineral physics and materials science. Highly illustrated throughout, this book fills the gap between undergraduate texts and specialised review volumes, for students in earth sciences and materials science.

Basic Aspects of the Quantum Theory of Solids
  • Order and Elementary Excitations
  • Daniel I. Khomskii
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    02 September 2010
  • Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this book covers the key aspects of the modern quantum theory of solids, including up-to-date ideas such as quantum fluctuations and strong electron correlations. It presents in the main concepts of the modern quantum theory of solids, as well as a general description of the essential theoretical methods required when working with these systems. Diverse topics such as general theory of phase transitions, harmonic and anharmonic lattices, Bose condensation and superfluidity, modern aspects of magnetism including resonating valence bonds, electrons in metals, and strong electron correlations are treated using unifying concepts of order and elementary excitations. The main theoretical tools used to treat these problems are introduced and explained in a simple way, and their applications are demonstrated through concrete examples.

Materials for Engineers
  • William F. Hosford
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    04 August 2008
  • This text is intended for a first undergraduate course in materials science and engineering with an emphasis on mechanical and electrical properties. The text features numerous useful examples and exercises. It differs from available texts in that it covers the materials of greatest interest in most undergraduate programs, leaving more specialized and advanced coverage for later course books. The text begins with phases and phase diagrams. This is followed by a chapter on diffusion, which treats diffusion in multiphase systems as well as single-phase systems. The next several chapters on mechanical behavior and failure should be of particular interest to mechanical engineers. There are chapters on iron and steel and on nonferrous alloys followed by chapters on specific types of materials. There is an emphasis on manufacturing, including recycling, casting and welding, powder processing, solid forming, and more modern techniques including photolithography, vapor deposition and the use of lasers.

An Introduction to Polymer Physics
  • David I. Bower
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    30 May 2002
  • Assuming no previous knowledge of polymers, this book provides a general introduction to the physics of solid polymers. Covering a wide range of topics within the field of polymer physics, the book begins with a brief history of the development of synthetic polymers and an overview of the methods of polymerisation and processing. In the following chapter, David Bower describes important experimental techniques used in the study of polymers. The main part of the book, however, is devoted to the structure and properties of solid polymers, including blends, copolymers and liquid crystal polymers. With an approach appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of physics, materials science or chemistry, the book includes many worked examples, and problems with solutions. It will provide a firm foundation for the study of the physics of solid polymers.

Mechanical Behavior of Materials
  • 2nd edition
  • William F. Hosford
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    09 November 2009
  • This textbook fits courses on mechanical behavior of materials in mechanical engineering and materials science and includes numerous examples and problems. It emphasizes quantitative problem solving. This text differs from others because the treatment of plasticity emphasizes the interrelationship of the flow, effective strain, and effective stress and their use in conjunction with yield criteria to solve problems. The treatment of defects is new, as is the analysis of particulate composites. Schmid's law is generalized for complex stress states. Its use with strains allows for prediction of R-values for textures. Of note is the treatment of lattice rotations related to deformation textures. The chapter on fracture mechanics includes coverage of Gurney's approach. Among the highlights in this new edition are the treatment of the effects of texture on properties and microstructure in Chapter 7, a new chapter (12) on discontinuous and inhomogeneous deformation, and the treatment of foams in Chapter 21.

Mechanics of Biomaterials
  • Fundamental Principles for Implant Design
  • Lisa A. Pruitt, Ayyana M. Chakravartula
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    20 October 2011
  • Teaching mechanical and structural biomaterials concepts for successful medical implant design, this self-contained text provides a complete grounding for students and newcomers to the field. Split into three sections: Materials, Mechanics and Case Studies, it begins with a review of sterilization, biocompatibility and foreign body response before presenting the fundamental structures of synthetic biomaterials and natural tissues. Mechanical behavior of materials is then discussed in depth, covering elastic deformation, viscoelasticity and time-dependent behavior, multiaxial loading and complex stress states, yielding and failure theories, and fracture mechanics. The final section on clinical aspects of medical devices provides crucial information on FDA regulatory issues and presents case studies in four key clinical areas: orthopedics, cardiovascular devices, dentistry and soft tissue implants. Each chapter ends with a list of topical questions, making this an ideal course textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students, and also a self-study tool for engineers, scientists and clinicians.

Modeling in Materials Processing
  • Jonathan A. Dantzig, Charles L. Tucker
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    12 November 2001
  • Mathematical modeling and computer simulation are useful tools for improving materials processing. While courses in materials processing have covered modeling, they have traditionally been devoted to one particular class of materials, that is, polymers, metals, or ceramics. This text offers a different approach, presenting an integrated treatment of metallic and non-metallic materials. The authors show that a common base of knowledge - specifically, the fundamentals of heat transfer and fluid mechanics - provides a unifying theme for these seemingly disparate areas. Emphasis is placed on understanding basic physical phenomena and knowing how to include them in a model. The book also treats selected numerical methods, showing the relationship between the physical system, analytical solution, and the numerical scheme. A wealth of practical, realistic examples are provided, as well as homework exercises. Students, and practising engineers who must deal with a wide variety of materials and processing problems, will benefit from the unified treatment presented in this book.

Magnetic Materials
  • Fundamentals and Applications
  • 2nd edition
  • Nicola A. Spaldin
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    19 August 2010
  • Magnetic Materials is an excellent introduction to the basics of magnetism, magnetic materials and their applications in modern device technologies. Retaining the concise style of the original, this edition has been thoroughly revised to address significant developments in the field, including the improved understanding of basic magnetic phenomena, new classes of materials, and changes to device paradigms. With homework problems, solutions to selected problems and a detailed list of references, Magnetic Materials continues to be the ideal book for a one-semester course and as a self-study guide for researchers new to the field. New to this edition:Entirely new chapters on Exchange Bias Coupling, Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Materials, Magnetic InsulatorsRevised throughout, with substantial updates to the chapters on Magnetic Recording and Magnetic Semiconductors, incorporating the latest advances in the fieldNew example problems with worked solutions

Mechanical Behavior of Materials
  • 2nd edition
  • Marc André Meyers, Krishan Kumar Chawla
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    06 November 2008
  • A balanced mechanics-materials approach and coverage of the latest developments in biomaterials and electronic materials, the new edition of this popular text is the most thorough and modern book available for upper-level undergraduate courses on the mechanical behavior of materials. To ensure that the student gains a thorough understanding the authors present the fundamental mechanisms that operate at micro- and nano-meter level across a wide-range of materials, in a way that is mathematically simple and requires no extensive knowledge of materials. This integrated approach provides a conceptual presentation that shows how the microstructure of a material controls its mechanical behavior, and this is reinforced through extensive use of micrographs and illustrations. New worked examples and exercises help the student test their understanding. Further resources for this title, including lecture slides of select illustrations and solutions for exercises, are available online at www.cambridge.org/97800521866758.

Physical Properties of Polymers
  • 3rd edition
  • James Mark, Kia Ngai, William Graessley, Leo Mandelkern, Edward Samulski, Jack Koenig, George Wignall
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    25 March 2004
  • The third edition of this well known textbook discusses the diverse physical states and associated properties of polymeric materials. The contents of the book have been conveniently divided into two general parts, 'Physical States of Polymers' and 'Characterization Techniques'. Written by seven of the leading figures in the polymer science community, this third edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded. As in the second edition, all of the chapters contain general introductory material and comprehensive literature citations designed to give newcomers to the field an appreciation of the subject and how it fits into the general context of polymer science. Containing numerous problem sets and worked examples this third edition provides enough core material for a one semester survey course at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level.

An Introduction to Mineral Sciences
  • Andrew Putnis
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    22 October 1992
  • The subject of mineralogy is moving away from the traditional systematic treatment of mineral groups toward the study of the behaviour of minerals in relation to geological processes. A knowledge of how minerals respond to a changing geological environment is fundamental to our understanding of many dynamic earth processes. By adopting a materials science approach, An Introduction to Mineral Sciences explains the principles underlying the modern study of minerals, discussing the behaviour of crystalline materials with changes in temperature, pressure and chemical environment. The concepts required to understand mineral behaviour are often complex, but are presented here in simple, non-mathematical terms for undergraduate mineralogy students. After introductory chapters describing the principles of diffraction, imaging and the spectroscopic methods used to study minerals, the structure and behaviour of the main groups of rock-forming minerals are covered, and the role of defects in the deformation and transformation of a mineral are explained. The energy changes and the rate of transformation processes are introduced using a descriptive approach rather than attempting a complete and rigorous treatment of the thermodynamics and kinetics. Examples and case histories from a range of mineral groups are set in an earth science context, such that the emphasis of this book is to allow the student to develop an intuitive understanding of the structural principles controlling the behaviour of minerals.

Applied Quantum Mechanics
  • 2nd edition
  • A. F. J. Levi
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    01 June 2006
  • Electrical and mechanical engineers, materials scientists and applied physicists will find Levi's uniquely practical 2006 explanation of quantum mechanics invaluable. This updated and expanded edition of the bestselling original text covers quantization of angular momentum and quantum communication, and problems and additional references are included. Using real-world engineering examples to engage the reader, the author makes quantum mechanics accessible and relevant to the engineering student. Numerous illustrations, exercises, worked examples and problems are included; Matlab source codes to support the text are available from www.cambridge.org//9780521183994

Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals
  • 2nd edition
  • Neil Birks, Gerald H. Meier, Frederick S. Pettit
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    17 March 2006
  • A straightforward treatment describing the oxidation processes of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures. This 2006 second edition retains the fundamental theory but incorporates advances made in understanding degradation phenomena. The first half provides an authoritative introduction to the basic principles, covering thermodynamics and mechanisms of high temperature corrosion of metals and alloys. The latter half extends the discussion to oxidation processes in complex systems, from reactions in mixed environments to protective techniques, including coatings and atmosphere control. The authors provide a logical and expert treatment of the subject, producing a revised edition that will be a comprehensive guide to material scientists and engineers requiring an understanding of this elementary process.

Introduction to the Physics of Electrons in Solids
  • Brian K. Tanner
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    30 March 1995
  • This book aims to introduce the reader to the behaviour of electrons in solids, starting with the simplest possible model, and introducing higher-level models only when the simple model is inadequate. Unlike other solid state physics texts, this book does not begin with complex crystallography, but instead builds up from the simplest possible model of a free electron in a box. The approach is to introduce the subject through its historical development, and to show how quantum mechanics is necessary for an understanding of the properties of electrons in solids. It does not treat the dynamics of the crystal lattice, but proceeds to examine the consequences of collective behaviour in the phenomena of magnetism and superconductivity. Throughout the mathematics is straightforward and uses standard notation. This text is suitable for a second or third year undergraduate course in physics, and would also be suitable for an introductory solid state course in materials science or materials chemistry.

Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability
  • Edited by David S. Ginley, David Cahen
  • Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    30 November 2011
  • How will we meet rising energy demands? What are our options? Are there viable long-term solutions for the future? Learn the fundamental physical, chemical and materials science at the heart of renewable/non-renewable energy sources, future transportation systems, energy efficiency and energy storage. Whether you are a student taking an energy course or a newcomer to the field, this textbook will help you understand critical relationships between the environment, energy and sustainability. Leading experts provide comprehensive coverage of each topic, bringing together diverse subject matter by integrating theory with engaging insights. Each chapter includes helpful features to aid understanding, including a historical overview to provide context, suggested further reading and questions for discussion. Every subject is beautifully illustrated and brought to life with full color images and color-coded sections for easy browsing, making this a complete educational package. Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability will enable today's scientists and educate future generations.

  • News and analysis on materials solutions to energy challenges: www.materialsforenergy.org

  • Paul Drzaic
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 37 / Issue 6 / June 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2012, p. 549
    Print publication:
    June 2012
    • Article
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  • Plasmonic behavior of quantum-size metallic nanoparticles as investigated with STEM-EELS

  • Anthony S. Stender
  • Journal:
    MRS Bulletin / Volume 37 / Issue 6 / June 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 June 2012, pp. 543-544
    Print publication:
    June 2012
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Page 829 of 5307