We give local results related to Hopf bifurcation for parabolic equations. The linear part about the equilibrium point can have zero eigenvalues. In our results the information about the perturbation is essential and it is possible to obtain bifurcation even if some ‘i’ or zero remains on the imaginary axis for all values of the parameter.

We prove the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the free energy per particle for a twocomponent plasma in one space dimension and with a logarithmic pair interaction.

In catalysis theory there is interest in the number of solutions to the equation

with the boundary conditions

the parameters λ,β, γ being all positive and p a non-negative integer. The paper answers this question when γ is large, which is the interesting situation physically. Although the treatment is somewhat different in the cases p = 0 and p ≠ 0, the final answer is the same, that is, given β, there exist two positive functions λ1(γ) and λ2(γ) such that the problem has one solution if λ<λ1(γ), or λ>λ2(γ), three solutions if λ1(γ)<λ <λ2(γ), and two solutions if λ=λ1(γ) or λ=λ2(γ).

We use a modified form of the Stieltjes inversion formula due to Atkinson together with some recent results on the asymptotic form of Titchmarch–Weyl m-functions to obtain an asymptotic expression for the spectral functions τ(t) associated with the differential equation

Using the method of generalized characteristics, we discuss the regularity and large time behaviour of admissible weak solutions of a single conservation law, in one space variable, with one inflection point.

We show that when the initial data are C∞ then, generically, the solution is C∞ except: (a) on a finite set of C∞ arcs across which it experiences jump discontinuities (genuine shocks or left contact discontinuities); (b) on a finite set of straight line characteristic segments across which its derivatives of order m, m = 1, 2,…, experience jump discontinuities (weak waves of order m); and (c) on the finite set of points of interaction of shocks and weak waves. Weak waves of order 1 are triggered by rays grazing upon contact discontinuities. Weak waves of order m, m ≥ 2, are generated by the collision of a weak wave of order m − 1 with a left contact discontinuity.

We establish sharp decay rates for solutions with initial data of the following types: (a) with bounded primitive; (b) with primitive having sublinear growth; (c) in L1; (d) of compact support; and (e) periodic.

The aim of the present paper is to establish some new integral inequalities of Opial type in two independent variables. Our results are the two independent variable generalizations of some of the inequalities recently established by the present author and in special cases yield the two independent variable analogue of the Opial inequality and its generalization given by G. S. Yang.

This note characterises those Banach space valued, scalar-type spectral operators T = ∫ z dP(z), where P is the resolution of the identity for T, whose indefinite spectral integral E→∫EzdP(z) as a set function of the Borel sets of the complex plane is countably additive with respect to the uniform operator topology.

It is shown that, generically, scalar one-dimensional parabolic equations ut = (a2(x)ux)x + f(u), x ∈ [0, 1], with Neumann boundary conditions, have all the equilibrium solutions hyperbolic.

Moreover, the bifurcations of these equilibria are generically of the saddle-node type.

Motivated by results of G. K. Pedersen, showing how a simple C*-algebra must contain an abundance of projections whenever it contains a single nontrivial projection, we provide generalisations and new proofs using more algebraic methods.

We consider boundary value problems for second order differential systems of the form (1)x” = A(t)x′ + f(t, x) and (2) x” = A(t)x′ + f(t, x) + q(t, x). By assuming the existence of a solution to (1) with a given region in (t, x) space, we derive conditions under which there exists a solution to (2) which stays in a certain neighbourhood of and satisfies given boundary conditions.

In this article, we study the functional Where Ω ⊂ ĝn is a bounded open set and u: Ω ×(0, T)→ ĝm and when F: Rnm →R fails to be quasiconvex. We show that with respect to strong convergence of ∂u/∂t and weak convergence of ∇×u, the above functional behaves as where QF is the lower quasiconvex envelope of F.

We study the extreme points of two classes of polynomials of degree at most n:

It turns out that f ∈ Ext if and only if Re f(eiθ) has exactly 2n zeros in [0, 2π). On the other hand, if f∈Hn and 1−|f(eiθ)|2 has 2n zeros in [0, 2π), then either f ∈ Ext Hn or else f(z) = α + βzn where |α|+|β| = l and αβ≠0; if 1−|f(eiθ)|2 has 2m zeros, 2n, then f may or may not belong to Ext Hn.

We consider the non-linear problem −Δu(x)−f(x, u(x)) = λu(x) for x ∈ℝN and u ∈ W1,2(ℝN). We show that, under suitable conditions on f, there exist infinitely many branches all bifurcating from the lowest point of the continuous spectrum λ = 0. The method used in the proof is based on a theorem of Ljusternik-Schnirelman type for the free case.

The equation utt − Δu = |u|p is considered in two and three space dimensions. Smooth Cauchy data of compact support are given at t = 0. For the case of three space dimensions, John has shown that solutions with sufficiently small data exist globally in time if but that small data solutions blow up in finite time if Glassey has shown the two dimensional case is similar. This paper shows that small data solutions blow up in finite time when p is the critical value, in three dimensions and in two.

For a semilinear second order differential equation on (0, ∞), conditions are given for the bifurcation and asymptotic bifurcation in Lp of solutions to the Neumann problem. Bifurcation occurs at the lowest point of the spectrum of the linearised problem. Under stronger hypotheses, there is a global branch of solutions. These results imply similar conclusions for the same equation on R with appropriate symmetry.

We consider a method for determining the asymptotic solution to a sufficiently wide class of ordinary linear homogeneous differential equations in a sector of a complex plane or of a Riemann surface for large values of the independent variable z. The main restriction of the method is the condition that the coefficients in the equation should be analytic and single-valued functions in the sector for | z | ≫ 1 possessing the power order of growth for |z| → ∞. In particular, the coefficients can be any powerlogarithmic functions. The equation

can be taken as a model equation. Here ai are complex numbers, aij are real numbers (i = 1,2,…, n; j = 0, 1, …, m) and ln1 Z≡ln z, lnsz= lnlnS−1z = S = 2, … It has been shown that the calculation of asymptotic representations for solution to any equation in the class considered may be reduced to the solution of some algebraic equations with constant coefficients by means of a simple and regular procedure. This method of asymptotic integration may be considered as an extension (to equations with variable coefficients) of the well known integration method for linear differential equations with constant coefficients. In this paper, we consider the main case when the set of all roots of the characteristic polynomial possesses the property of asymptotic separability.