Let H be a subgroup of a group G. Then, we call H weakly s-supplemented in G if G has a subgroup T such that HT = G and H ∩ T ≤ HsG, where HsG is the largest s-permutable subgroup of G contained in H. In this paper, we use the weakly s-supplemented subgroups to characterize the structure of groups. A series of known results in the literature are unified and generalized.

In this work we analyse a nonlinear, second-order difference equation on an unbounded interval. We present new conditions under which the problem admits a unique solution that is of a particular linear asymptotic form. The results concern the general behaviour of solutions to the initial-value problem, as well as solutions with a given asymptote. Our methods involve establishing suitable complete metric spaces and an application of Banach's fixed-point theorem. For the solutions found in our two main theorems—fixed initial data and fixed asymptote, respectively—we establish exact convergence rates to solutions of the differential equation related to our difference equation. It turns out that for the asymptotic case there is uniform convergence for both the solution and its derivative, while in the other case the convergence is somewhat weaker. Two different techniques are utilized, and for each one has to employ ad-hoc methods for the unbounded interval. Of particular importance is the exact form of the operators and metric spaces formulated in the earlier sections.

We consider in this paper the problem(1)where Ω is the unit ball in ℝN centred at the origin, 0 ≤ α < pN,β > 0, N ≥ 3. Suppose qϵ → q as ϵ → 0+ and qϵ, q satisfy, respectively,we investigate the asymptotic estimates of the ground-state solutions (uϵ, vϵ) of (1) as β → + ∞ with p, qϵ fixed. We also show the symmetry-breaking phenomenon with α, β fixed and qϵ → q as ϵ → 0+. In addition, the ground-state solution is non-radial provided that ϵ > 0 is small or β is large enough.

Let F be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p. We fashion an infinite dimensional basic algebra ←p(F), with a transparent combinatorial structure, which controls the rational representation theory of GL2(F).

We complete the derived equivalence classification of all symmetric algebras of polynomial growth, by solving the subtle problem of distinguishing the standard and nonstandard nondomestic symmetric algebras of polynomial growth up to derived equivalence.

Let n ≥ 2 be a fixed positive integer, q ≥ 3 and c, ℓ be integers with (nc, q)=1 and ℓ|n. Suppose and consist of consecutive integers which are coprime to q. We define the cardinality of a set:The main purpose of this paper is to use the estimates of Gauss sums and Kloosterman sums to study the asymptotic properties of N(, , c, n, ℓ; q), and to give an interesting asymptotic formula for it.

We investigate eigenvalue intervals for the Dirichlet problem when the nonlinearity may be singular at t = 0 or t = 1. Our approach is based on variational methods and cover both sublinear and superlinear cases. We also study the continuous dependence of solutions on functional parameters.

We deduce maximum principles for fourth-, sixth- and eighth-order elliptic equations by modifying an auxiliary function introduced by Payne (J. Analyse Math. 30 (1976), 421–433). Integral bounds on various gradients of the solutions of these equations are obtained.

For a bounded domain Ω in a complete Riemannian manifold M, we investigate the Dirichlet weighted eigenvalue problem of quadratic polynomial operator Δ2 − aΔ + b of the Laplacian Δ, where a and b are the nonnegative constants. We obtain an inequality for eigenvalues which contains a constant that only depends on the mean curvature of M. It yields an upper bound of the (k + 1)th eigenvalue Λk + 1. As their applications, some inequalities and bounds of eigenvalues on a complete minimal submanifold in a Euclidean space and a unit sphere are obtained.

Let G be a compact metrizable abelian group, and let X be a Banach space. We characterize convolution operators associated with a regular Borel X-valued measure of bounded semivariation that are compact (resp; weakly compact) from L1(G), the space of integrable functions on G into L1(G) X, the injective tensor product of L1(G) and X. Along the way we prove a Fourier Convergence theorem for vector measures of relatively compact range that are absolutely continuous with respect to the Haar measure.

Assuming that (Ω, Σ) is a measurable space and (X) is a Banach space we provide a quite general sufficient condition on (X) for bvca(Σ, X) (the Banach space of all X-valued countably additive measures of bounded variation equipped with the variation norm) to contain a copy of c0 if and only if X does. Some well-known results on this topic are straightforward consequences of our main theorem.

We characterize real hypersurfaces of type (A) and ruled real hypersurfaces in a complex projective space in terms of two φ-invariances of their shape operators, and give geometric meanings of these real hypersurfaces by observing their some geodesics.

In this article we prove Tate conjecture for a large class of compact quaternionic Shimura fourfolds.

In this paper, by using the Leggett–Williams fixed point theorem, the existence of three positive periodic solutions for differential equations with piecewise constant argument and impulse on time scales is investigated. Some easily verifiable sufficient criteria are established. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the results.

We consider the divisibility of the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields , where q is an odd prime number, k and n are positive integers. Suppose that k ≡ 1 mod 2 or n ≢ 3 mod 6. We show that the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields ≠ are divisible by n for q ≡ 3 mod 8. This is a generalization of the result of Kishi for imaginary quadratic fields when k ≡ 1 mod 2 or n ≢ 3 mod 6. We also show that the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields ≠ are divisible by n for q ≡ 1 mod 4 and the class numbers of imaginary quadratic fields ≠ are divisible by n for q ≡ 7 mod 8.

This paper is a continuation for the study of the zero-divisor graph for the ring of Gaussian integers modulo n, Γ(ℤn[i]) in [8] (Emad Abu Osba, Salah Al-Addasi and Nafez Abu Jaradeh. Zero divisor graph for the ring of Gaussin integers modulo n. Comm. Algebra 36(10) (2008), 3865–3877). It is investigated, when is Γ(ℤn[i]) locally H, Hamiltonian or bipartite graph? A full characterisation for the chromatic number and the radius is also given.

A subgroup H is called weakly -supplemented in a finite group G if there exists a subgroup B of G provided that (1) G = HB, and (2) if H1/HG is a maximal subgroup of H/HG, then H1B = BH1 < G, where HG is the largest normal subgroup of G contained in H. In this paper we will prove the following: Let G be a finite group and P be a Sylow p-subgroup of G, where p is the smallest prime divisor of |G|. Suppose that P has a non-trivial proper subgroup D such that all subgroups E of P with order |D| and 2|D| (if P is a non-abelian 2-group, |P : D| > 2 and there exists D1 ⊴ E ≤ P with 2|D1| = |D| and E/D1 is cyclic of order 4) have p-nilpotent supplement or weak -supplement in G, then G is p-nilpotent.

A group is called capable if it is a central factor group. In this paper, we establish a necessary condition for a finitely generated non-torsion group of nilpotency class 2 to be capable. Using the classification of two-generator non-torsion groups of nilpotency class 2, we determine which of them are capable and which are not and give a necessary and sufficient condition for a two-generator non-torsion group of class 2 to be capable in terms of the torsion-free rank of its factor commutator group.