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Classical mechanics provided the conceptual and methodological foundations of neoclassical economics, which has its roots in economic individualism. Since the early twentieth century, statistical mechanics has underpinned a lesser-known approach to economics and finance, one that focuses on aggregates and the interactions between individuals. This has led to the emergence of a new field of research, known as econophysics, which brings to the fore concepts such as emergent properties, power laws, networks, entropy, and multifractality, thereby reshaping economic enquiry.
Girls are facing growing pressures that impact their self-esteem, whilst the pandemic and dominance of social media have made it even more challenging for girls to feel good about their bodies. Dr. Charlotte Markey provides girls aged 9–15 with the tools they need to understand, accept, and appreciate their bodies. She provides all the facts on puberty, mental health, self-care, why diets are bad news, dealing with social media, and everything in-between. Girls will find answers to questions they always wanted to ask, the truth behind many body image myths, advice and inspiration from experts, and real-life stories from girls who share their own experiences. Through this updated and beautifully illustrated guide, Dr. Markey teaches girls how to nurture both mental and physical health to improve their own body image, shows the positive impact they can have on others, and empowers them to go out into the world feeling fearless!
Augustine of Hippo (354–430 CE) is widely recognised as providing the foundational theological discussion of the natural law for Western Christianity. Yet his thinking on the natural law has not been examined in depth, despite the growing interest among contemporary theologians and philosophers in the natural law. For Christian thinkers, the idea of a natural moral law directly raises the question of the relationship between reason and revelation. In particular, the idea of the natural law needs to be reconciled with the idea of the divine law: that is, with the traditional Christian claim that knowing right from wrong is dependent in some way, or to some extent, on receiving God's self-revelation in Jesus Christ. This study revisits and revises our understanding of how Augustine reconciled reason and revelation in his discussion of the natural law.
Across the world, most people are religious or spiritual, and many have a strong relational-emotional bond (attachment relationship) with God(s). This Element summarizes social-scientific theory and research on these relationships. Part I outlines basic principles of attachment and religion/spirituality. Part II describes normative (human-universal) processes and patterns. It explains how God and other supernatural beings often serve as irreplaceable relational caregivers (attachment figures), safe havens, and secure bases for people. Then it examines how religious/spiritual development interacts with attachment maturation across the lifespan. Part III explores individual differences in human and religious/spiritual attachment. After describing human-attachment differences, it examines how such differences can manifest jointly in forms of emotionally/socially correspondent or emotionally compensatory human attachment and religion/spirituality. Part IV discusses applied theory and research on religious/spiritual attachment. It explores the relationship between religious/spiritual attachment and health/well-being and concludes discussing how transformation in religious/spiritual attachment can occur through psychospiritual intervention or healthy relationships.
What is behind Vienna's world-wide reputation as a 'city of music'? Vienna's images of itself and outside opinions of its significance as a musical city capture internal and external preoccupations with the intricate details and ambitious visions that collectively articulate its unique ambience and status, This wide-ranging study of Viennese music, musicians, traditions, institutions and cultures provides a historical background and conceptual framework for understanding the centuries of musical accomplishments that underlie the city's mystique. The book explores questions of identity and place, and local traditions and practices, before considering musical networks, organizations, associations and businesses, and the musicians who thrived in them. Encompassing classical music from medieval liturgy to Mozart, Beethoven's symphonies to Strauss's waltzes, from Schubert to Schoenberg, the city is also well known for its musical theatre, live music in cafes and hostelries, klezmer, jazz, pop, rock, and hip-hop. The story continues.
This book presents an interdisciplinary survey at the intersection of music, creativity, and medicine. Featuring contributions from medical doctors, psychologists, and musicians, it surveys thought-provoking findings in the music-medical borderlands. Experts in neuroscience explore the cerebral underpinnings of music, from auditory-motor interactions, to rhythm, to the role of music in therapy, epilepsy, and cognitive disorders. Case studies describe medical biographies of musical masters, including Beethoven's deafness, Schumann's deterioration, Ravel's dementia, and Gershwin's brain tumor. There are accompanying studio recordings from the volume editors. Students, researchers, or anyone interested in the new frontiers of music in medicine will find original cross-disciplinary connections in this volume.
The book offers a new theoretical perspective on the relationship between market regulation and private law in the face of contemporary challenges, such as climate change, the digitalisation of the marketplace, and growing inequality in society, with significant practical implications for a wide range of areas. It focuses on European private law to explore the uneasy interplay between the instrumental public regulation of economic activity and traditional, interpersonal justice-oriented private law in the multi-level and heterarchical legal order of the European Union (EU). By drawing together different elements of what are at present often disparate discourses of market regulation and private law, the book develops an integrated analytical framework that could help us better understand the interaction between the two. The central argument advanced in the book is that market regulation and private law are two sides of the same coin that can be reconciled with each other.
Intra-dural spinal tumours are a rare, yet diverse group of neoplasms, which may occur anywhere along the spinal neuroaxis. Their clinical presentations are typically slow and progressive in nature. Signs and symptoms are dictated by tumour location and size, and occur due to the sequalae of mass effect, oedema, ischaemia and subsequent metabolic dysfunction of neural tissue occurring secondary to compression of neural elements and neural vasculature. Back/neck pain and stiffness are the most common presenting complaint for patients presenting with intra-dural spinal tumours. Further symptoms are dependent on the location of the tumour. Lesions that compress or develop within the spinal cord are associated with upper motor neuron (myelopathic) signs and symptoms, whilst lesions compressing spinal nerves alone are associated with lower motor neuron (radicular) signs and symptoms. In some circumstances, a mixed picture of both upper and lower motor neuron symptoms may also be observed.
From social networks to biological systems, networks are a fundamental part of modern life. Network analysis is increasingly popular across the mathematical, physical, life and social sciences, offering insights into a range of phenomena, from developing new drugs based on intracellular interactions, to understanding the influence of social interactions on behaviour patterns. This book provides a toolkit for analyzing random networks, together with theoretical justification of the methods proposed. It combines methods from both probability and statistics, teaching how to build and analyze plausible models for random networks, and how to validate such models, to detect unusual features in the data, and to make predictions. Theoretical results are motivated by applications across a range of fields, and classical data sets are used for illustration throughout the book. This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the field for graduate students and researchers.
This book presents a modern introduction to the field of algorithmic game theory. It places a heavy emphasis on optimization and online learning (a subdiscipline of machine learning), which are tools that increasingly play a central role in both the theory and practice of applying game-theoretic ideas. The book covers the core techniques used in several majorly successful applications, including techniques used for creating superhuman poker AIs, the theory behind the 'pacing' methodology that has become standard in the internet advertising industry, and the application of competitive equilibrium from equal incomes for fair course seat allocation in many business schools. With its focus on online learning tools, this book is an ideal companion to classic texts on algorithmic game theory for graduate students and researchers.
Using a welcoming and conversational style, this Student's Guide takes readers on a tour of the laws of thermodynamics, highlighting their importance for a wide range of disciplines. It will be a valuable resource for self-guided learners, students, and instructors working in physics, engineering, chemistry, meteorology, climatology, cosmology, biology, and other scientific fields. The book discusses thermodynamic properties such as temperature, internal energy, and entropy, and develops the laws through primarily observational means without extensive reference to atomic principles. This classical approach allows students to get a handle on thermodynamics as an experimental science and prepares them for more advanced study of statistical mechanics, which is introduced in the final chapter. Detailed practical examples are used to illustrate the theoretical concepts, with a selection of problems included at the end of each chapter to facilitate learning. Solutions to these problems can be found online along with additional supplemental materials.
Empirical Bayes methods as envisioned by Herbert Robbins are becoming an essential element of the statistical toolkit. In Empirical Bayes: Tools, Rules, and Duals, Roger Koenker and Jiaying Gu offer a unified view of these methods. They stress recent computational developments for nonparametric estimation of mixture models, not only for the traditional Gaussian and Poisson settings, but for a wide range of other applications. Providing numerous illustrations where empirical Bayes methods are attractive, the authors give a detailed discussion of computational methods, enabling readers to apply the methods in new settings.
This important book illuminates the deeply intertwined histories of the Nicaragua Canal and the Afro-Indigenous Mosquito Coast, uncovering a compelling truth, long overshadowed by the triumphalist narrative of the Panama Canal. Focusing on British and US efforts to control the canal route through Nicaragua, Rajeshwari Dutt shows how imperial ambition, racial ideology, and local power struggles shaped one of Latin America's most contested infrastructure projects. She traces the role of racial language in imperial, colonial, and national agendas; the shifting dynamics of Anglo-American imperialism on the Mosquito Coast; and the violence embedded in the very pursuit of interoceanic connection. Methodologically, the book advances a practice of reading failure as a lens through which to understand the fragility of imperial projects and the contradictions that undermine their global ambitions. At its heart, The Link That Divides reveals a central paradox: that dreams of connection were built on – and undone by – the reality of division and exclusion.
The Self in Premodern Thought reconfigures the historical study of the self, which has typically been treated in disciplinary silos. Bringing multiple disciplinary perspectives into conversation with each other, it broadens the discussion to include texts and forms of writing outside the standard philosophical/theological canon. A distinguished group of contributors, from philosophy, classics, theology, history, and comparative literature, explores a wide range of texts that greatly expand our understanding of how selfhood was conceived in the ancient, medieval, and early modern periods. The essays in this groundbreaking collection range from challenging new perspectives on well-known authors and texts, such as Plato and Augustine, to innovative explorations of forms of writing that have rarely been discussed in this context, such as drama, sermons, autobiographical writing, and liturgy.
Our natural environment constitutes a complex and dynamic global ecosystem that provides essential resources for well-being and survival. Yet the environment is also subject to unprecedented threats from human activities, such as climate change, pollution, habitat loss, biodiversity decline, and the overexploitation of natural resources. This volume argues that such complex, multidimensional challenges demand equally complex, multi-dimensional solutions and calls for coordinated, multi-stakeholder action at all scales, including governments, civil society, the private sector, and individuals. To meet the moment effectively, such interventions require both scientific knowledge about how the environment functions and social and institutional knowledge about the actors involved in environmental governance and management. Chapters include case studies of environmental knowledge collection, management, and sharing to explore how data and knowledge sharing can inform effective, multi-stakeholder action to combat global threats to our environment. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Turing Award-winner Leslie Lamport shares the key lessons he has learned about concurrent and distributed computing over decades of writing and reasoning about their algorithms. Algorithms are not programs, and they shouldn't be written in a programming language. Instead, this book explores how to write them and reason about them by using mathematics. It explains the principles underlying abstract programs, which should be implemented to avoid concurrency errors. Designing an abstract program before writing any code can lead to better, more reliable programs. The book has very few mathematical prerequisites, with an appendix summarizing the necessary knowledge. The examples are written in TLA+ and are available online. This is a fascinating read for any graduate students and researchers in theoretical computer science, concurrency, and distributed systems.
Disability is central to the Gothic imagination. Few accounts of Gothic literature, however, interpret this genre with attention to experiences of disability, or to the socially determined aspects of disability, such as physical environments or disabling cultures. Disability and the Gothic: The Nineteenth Century examines the place of Gothic in the fundamentals of disability theory, tracing how Gothic became emblematic of problematic accounts of disability within Disability Studies. From here, it traces the subsequent development of Gothic Disability Studies into a subfield. The main sections of this Element offer close readings that illustrate a range of modes in which Gothic bodies and minds articulate and shift their relationship to the aesthetic and affective frameworks of the nineteenth century. The book aims to show that while disability frequently represents the Other in Gothic texts, the Gothic imagination also prompts us to think of disabled people in manifold ways.
In the evolving landscape of psychological research and communication, The Psychologist's Companion, stands as the definitive guide supporting students, young professionals, and researchers in psychology at all stages of their careers. This seventh edition presents new and updated chapters covering a wide range of topics essential for success in psychology, including planning and writing research papers, presenting data effectively, evaluating one's own work, writing grant proposals, giving talks and presentations, finding a book publisher, navigating job interviews, and more! Serving as an invaluable resource for improving both written and oral communication skills in academic psychology, the content is structured as a step-by-step manual focusing on practical skills and contemporary issues. It guides readers through various tasks encountered during psychological research and academic life. Whether you're crafting your first paper or seeking to enhance your scholarly impact, this book provides the tools and knowledge to excel in today's competitive academic environment.
Liliane Campos argues that contemporary fiction is shaping a new, multi-scalar view of life. In the early twenty-first century, humans face complex relations of dependency with the invisibly small and the ungraspably huge, from the viral to the planetary. Entangled Life examines how Anglophone fiction imagines this ecological interdependence. It outlines an emergent poetics across a range of genres, including realist fiction, science-fiction, weird fiction and dystopian fiction. Arguing that literary form performs epistemic and ethical work, Campos analyses the rhetorical strategies through which these stories connect human and nonhuman scales. She shows that fiction uses three recurrent devices – critical synecdoche, ontological metalepsis and scalar irony – to shape our awareness of other scales and forms of life, and our response-ability towards them. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.