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Seidenberg & Hoeffner (hereafter S&H) have presented a critique of our PET study of regular and irregular verb morphology in English, and have faulted it on five main points. We will address each of these points briefly in this reply.
While a consensus has been reached about the monoclausality of the Romance construction with an auxiliary verb and its verbal complement, questions remain about its syntactic structure. We focus here on French auxiliaries—the past tense auxiliaries (avoir and être), and the passive auxiliary (être)—which are unique in French in contributing only tense and aspect and triggering obligatory clitic climbing. Three syntactic structures have been proposed for such auxiliaries: a VP complement analysis, a verbal complex analysis, and a 'flat' VP analysis. We show here, working within a head-driven phrase structure grammar framework and basing our arguments on classical constituency tests, bounded dependencies, and lesser-known properties of a subset of manner adverbs, that the flat-structure analysis is to be preferred for tense auxiliaries, which take as their complements the bare participle as well as the complements subcategorized by this participle and 'inherited' from it. In contrast, the passive auxiliary, which we identify with the copula, has a predicative complement with different realizations: either an ordinary phrase, 'saturated' for its complements, or a 'partial' complement, where the predicative head lets some or all of its complements be inherited by the auxiliary. Our analysis allows for a solution to the well-known problem of auxiliary selection, which, we argue, should not be taken as an indicator of syntactic structure but is best handled via lexical constraints.
A good many of my columns in this part of Language have focused on transitions of one sort or another: my taking over as editor, obituaries and passings, changes in the journal's policies or format, and the like, almost always with an eye to discussing aspects of history. My musings here are no exception, as they focus on the fact that book notices—the short, generally descriptive reviews of books that have long been a staple in the Language line-up—appear in print for the last time in this issue. As has been mentioned a few times in the pages of this journal, book notices will now be appearing in the LS A's electronic online publication venue known as eLanguage? This column, therefore, offers a bit of history on book notices, providing an obituary of sorts for them (and thus making good on a promise from my previous column {Language 83.3.493)).