Recent decades have seen a renewal of interest in panpsychism as a solution to the hard problem of consciousness. This has, in part, also driven an increase in interest in classical Indian philosophical traditions among analytic philosophers of mind. Many of these cross-cultural studies pertaining to panpsychism (and cosmopsychism) have focused on one particularly influential school of Indian philosophy, Advaita (non-dual) Vedānta, the most famous proponent of which is Śaṅkara. In this work, we would like to consider the view of another influential philosopher and the school that developed based on his view – Rāmānuja (eleventh century CE) and Viśiṣṭādvaita (qualified non-dualism) Vedānta. We argue that a cosmopsychist-panentheistic metaphysics that is motivated by Rāmānuja’s views offers a solution to the hard problem that is preferable to other comparable views and could form the basis for a panentheistic conception of God that is compatible with the reality of the freedom of human selves.

The turbulent boundary layer (TBL) development over an air cavity is experimentally studied using planar particle image velocimetry. The present flow, representative of those typically encountered in ship air lubrication, resembles the geometrical characteristics of flows over solid bumps studied in the literature. However, unlike solid bumps, the cavity has a variable geometry inherent to its dynamic nature. An identification technique based on thresholding of correlation values from particle image correlations is employed to detect the cavity. The TBL does not separate at the leeward side of the cavity owing to a high boundary layer thickness to maximum cavity thickness ratio ($\delta /t_{max}= 12$). As a consequence of the cavity geometry, the TBL is subjected to alternating streamwise pressure gradients: from an adverse pressure gradient (APG) to a favourable pressure gradient and back to an APG. The mean streamwise velocity and turbulence stresses over the cavity show that the streamwise pressure gradients and air injection are the dominant perturbations to the flow, with streamline curvature concluded to be marginal. Two-point correlations of the wall-normal velocity reveal an increased coherent extent over the cavity and a local anisotropy in regions under an APG, distinct from traditional APG TBLs, suggesting possible history effects.

Many hypersonic flows of interest feature high free-stream stagnation enthalpies, which lead to high flow-field temperatures and thermochemical non-equilibrium (TCNE) effects, such as finite-rate chemistry and vibrational excitation. However, very few studies have considered receptivity for high-enthalpy flows. In this paper, we investigate the receptivity of a high-enthalpy Mach 5 straight-cone boundary layer to slow and fast acoustic free-stream waves using direct numerical simulation alongside linear stability theory and the linear parabolised stability equations. In addition, we investigate the TCNE effect on receptivity by comparing results between the TCNE gas model and a thermochemically frozen gas model. The dominant instability mechanism for this flow configuration is found to be Mack’s second mode, with the unstable mode being the fast mode. Second-mode receptivity coefficients are obtained for a number of frequencies. For free-stream slow acoustic waves, these receptivity coefficients are found to generally increase with frequency. For a small subset of the considered frequency range, the receptivity coefficients corresponding to free-stream fast acoustic waves are found to be several times larger than for free-stream slow acoustic waves. The TCNE effects are found to lead to higher peak $N$-factors while also reducing second-mode receptivity coefficients, indicating that TCNE effects have competing impacts on receptivity versus stability for the considered frequencies.

The motion of several plates in an inviscid and incompressible fluid is studied numerically using a vortex sheet model. Two to four plates are initially placed in line, separated by a specified distance, and actuated in the vertical direction with a prescribed oscillatory heaving motion. The vertical motion induces the plates’ horizontal acceleration due to their self-induced thrust and fluid drag forces. In certain parameter regimes, the plates adopt equilibrium ‘schooling modes’, wherein they translate at a steady horizontal velocity while maintaining a constant separation distance between them. The separation distances are found to be quantised on the flapping wavelength. As either the number of plates increases or the flapping amplitude decreases, the schooling modes destabilise via oscillations that propagate downstream from the leader and cause collisions between the plates, an instability that is similar to that observed in recent experiments on flapping wings in a water tank (Newbolt et al., 2024, Nat. Commun., vol. 15, 3462). A simple control mechanism is implemented, wherein each plate accelerates or decelerates according to its velocity relative to the plate directly ahead by modulating its own flapping amplitude. This mechanism is shown to successfully stabilise the schooling modes, with remarkable impact on the regularity of the vortex pattern in the wake. Several phenomena observed in the simulations are obtained by a reduced model based on linear thin-aerofoil theory.

This paper elaborates the design and analysis of cross-aperture-coupled twin port ceramic radiator. Stimulation of alumina ceramic using a cross slot helps to produce circular waves within 7.35–7.8 GHz. The polarization diversity concept helps to improve the separation level by above 25 dB. Loading of double negative unit cell made metasurface (MS) improves the antenna gain over 11.5 dBi within the working spectrum. Machine learning (ML) techniques, i.e. Decision Tree and Random Forest are utilized to predict the |S11|/Axial ratio parameters. Experimental verification/ML prediction and optimized simulated consequences confirm that the structured radiator works efficiently between 7.21 and 8.2 GHz with over 25 dB isolation between the ports. Directive pattern and decent values of (MIMO) parameters make the radiator applicable for the 6G communication system.

We perform direct numerical simulations of sub-Kolmogorov, inertial spheroids settling under gravity in homogeneous, isotropic turbulence, and find that small-scale clustering, measured via the correlation dimension, depends sensitively on the spheroid aspect ratio. In particular, such spheroids are shown to cluster more as their anisotropy increases. Further, the approach rate for pairs of spheroids is calculated and found to deviate significantly from the spherical-particle limit. Our study, spanning a range of Stokes numbers and aspect ratios, provides critical inputs for developing collision models to understand the dynamics of sedimenting, anisotropic particles in general, and ice crystals in clouds in particular.

Various factors are considered when designing a floorplan layout, including the plan’s outer boundary, room shape and size, adjacency, privacy, and circulation space, among others. While graph-theoretic approaches have proven effective for floorplan generation, existing algorithms generally focus on defining the boundary of the plan or different room shapes, lacking the investigation of designing circulation space within a floorplan. However, the circulation design in architectural planning is a crucial factor that affects the functionality and efficiency of areas within a building. This paper presents a graph-theoretic approach for integrating circulation within a floorplan. In this study, we use plane graphs to represent floorplans and develop graph algorithms to incorporate various types of circulation within a floorplan as follows:

1. i. The first phase generates a spanning circulation, that is, a corridor leading to each room using a circulation graph.

2. ii. Subsequently, using an approximation algorithm, the circulation space is minimized, that is, generation of minimum circulation space covering all the rooms, thereby enhancing space utilization in the floorplan.

3. iii. Furthermore, customized circulations are generated to cater to user preferences, distinguishing between public and private spaces within the floorplan.

In addition to the theoretical framework, we have implemented our algorithms in Python and developed a user-friendly graphical interface (GUI), enabling seamless integration of our algorithms into architectural design processes.

We extend a comparison theorem of Anandavardhanan–Borisagar between the quotient of the induction of a mod $p$ character by the image of an Iwahori–Hecke operator and compact induction of a weight to the case of the trivial character. This involves studying the corresponding non-commutative Iwahori–Hecke algebra. We use this to give an Iwahori theoretic reformulation of the (semi-simple) mod $p$ local Langlands correspondence discovered by Breuil and reformulated functorially by Colmez. This version of the correspondence is expected to have applications to computing the mod $p$ reductions of semi-stable Galois representations.

Experiments were conducted to assess the impact of crown architecture on light availability beneath the trees, flowering, fruiting, yield and quality of jamun (Syzygium cumini [L.] Skeels). Trees were maintained as control, palmette and open centre crown. Impact was evaluated for three consecutive years, i.e. 2017–2019. Diffuse light beneath the trees ranged from 69.7 ± 2.22 to 45.9 ± 1.45%, whereas direct light varied from 30.4 ± 0.97 to 54.1 ± 1.78%. At flowering and fruit development stage (June), photosynthesis rate (A) in control trees was 12.5 ± 0.43 μmol CO2/m2/s; however, at fruit maturity and dormancy (August), it was only 9.5 ± 0.35 μmol CO2/m2/s. Similarly, in palmette and open centre trees, photosynthesis rate at flowering and fruit development stage was 13.5 ± 0.46 and 15.7 ± 0.54 μmol CO2/m2/s, respectively; whereas at fruit maturity and dormancy, photosynthesis rate dropped to 10.5 ± 0.39 and 11.7 ± 0.43 μmol CO2/m2/s, respectively. Substantial variation in stomatal conductance (gs), vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and transpiration rate (E) was also found. Days to start flowering ranged from 92 ± 0.33 to 98 ± 0.33. Similarly, days to end flowering varied from 99 ± 0.07 to 107 ± 0.36, days to fruit set 132 ± 0.33 to 139 ± 0.33 and days to fruit maturity 176 ± 0.48 to 184 ± 0.63. Significant variation in fruit length, fruit width and fruit weight was also found. Total soluble solids in fruit pulp varied from 9.0 ± 0.15 to 12.2 ± 0.149°Brix and fruit yield 62.3 ± 1.5 to 86.7 ± 1.33 kg per tree. Noteworthy variation in fruit quality traits was also recorded. This study illustrates that crown architecture has considerable impact on gas exchange parameters, flowering, fruiting, yield and quality of jamun.