Tetflupyrolimet (Dodhylex™ Active, FMC Corporation) is a novel herbicide inhibiting de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis that controls grassy weeds preemergence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. Field trials were conducted from 2021 to 2024 to evaluate turfgrass tolerance to tetflupyrolimet applications for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] control. Tolerance was evaluated on seven turfgrass species, including creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.; syn.: Festuca arundinacea Schreb.], hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy], and manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] at various mowing heights ranging from 3.8 to 12.5 mm. Separate experiments were conducted on each turfgrass species to evaluate tolerance in both fall and spring. Tetflupyrolimet was applied at rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, or 6400 g ai ha−1. No injury was observed on any warm-season turfgrass species in either season, whereas cool-season grass tolerance varied among species each season; however, cool-season turfgrass tolerance for all species was greater in spring than fall. While efficacy of tetflupyrolimet (400 g ha−1) for preemergence D. ischaemum control varied among years, mixtures of tetflupyrolimet (400 g ha−1), pyroxasulfone (128 g ai ha−1), and rimsulfuron (35 g ai ha−1) applied preemergence or early postemergence effectively controlled multiple-resistant P. annua in both seasons. Overall, these findings highlight that warm-season turfgrasses are highly tolerant of tetflupyrolimet applications for P. annua or D. ischaemum control.

Data from a national survey of 348 U.S. sports field managers were used to examine the effects of participation in Cooperative Extension events on the adoption of turfgrass weed management practices. Of the respondents, 94% had attended at least one event in the previous 3 yr. Of this 94%, 97% reported adopting at least one practice as a result of knowledge gained at an Extension turfgrass event. Half of the respondents had adopted four or more practices; a third adopted five or more practices. Nonchemical, cultural practices were the most-adopted practices (65% of respondents). Multiple regression analysis was used to examine factors explaining practice adoption and Extension event attendance. Compared to attending one event, attending three events increased total adoption by an average of one practice. Attending four or more events increased total adoption by two practices. Attending four or more events (compared to one event) increased the odds of adopting six individual practices by 3- to 6-fold, depending on the practice. This suggests that practice adoption could be enhanced by encouraging repeat attendance among past Extension event attendees. Manager experience was a statistically significant predictor of the number of Extension events attended but a poor direct predictor of practice adoption. Experience does not appear to increase adoption directly, but indirectly, via its impact on Extension event attendance. In addition to questions about weed management generally, the survey asked questions specifically about annual bluegrass management. Respondents were asked to rank seven sources of information for their helpfulness in managing annual bluegrass. There was no single dominant information source, but Extension was ranked more than any other source as the most helpful (by 22% of the respondents) and was ranked among the top three by 53%, closely behind field representative/local distributor sources at 54%.

Data are presented on a number of aspects of a drive hunt of a pod of long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas; Traill) which occurred in the Faroe Islands in July 1992. Empirical data collected by observers are presented on aspects of the drive and killing phase of the drive hunt. These focus on the welfare implications of the two main pieces of equipment used in the hunt, the gaff and the knife. The body zone targeted by the gaff ranged from the melon to the dorsal fin. Ten of the 14 initial uses of the gaff recorded resulted in the whale being insecurely fastened and entailed further gaff strikes. Five case studies are presented of towing times, before cutting occurred but post-gaffing, when the whale was secured by the gaff to a boat (median: 66s). The number of gaff strikes on an individual whale ranged from zero to four (median: two). Fifty-seven per cent of cutting episodes using the knife were initiated behind the blowhole, 43per cent on the whales ‘flanks. Data on the sequential use of the gaff and the knife are presented for seven whales. Data are also presented on the duration of the cutting episodes for these seven whales (median: 80s) and the total time elapsed from initial wounding until loss of voluntary movement occurred (median: 126s). Certain behaviours shown by the whale after the use of the gaff and knife are discussed and analysed in the context of the physiology, anatomy and social structure of pilot whales. Conclusions are presented on a number of welfare aspects of this hunt and compared with data from other whaling operations.

Addictive disorders are being increasingly influenced by technology and one of the most recent developments is for gamblers to access games via the Internet. Prevalence data show that up to 10% of the population gamble online and studies have consistently indicated that Internet gamblers are particularly susceptible to developing gambling problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore differences between Internet and non-Internet gamblers to help determine why online gamblers are more likely to have gambling problems. Three hundred and seventy four participants (143 online gamblers, 172 males) from a large Canadian university completed an online questionnaire to investigate demographic, medium-related, comorbid psychological and cognitive factors with strong empirical support for contributing to problem gambling severity. Variables that significantly differentiated Internet and non-Internet gamblers in a univariate analyses were entered into a logistic regression to predict online gambling. A test of the full model was statistically significant, correctly classifying 77% of gamblers (64% of Internet gamblers and 85% of non-Internet gamblers). Cognitive distortions made an independent contribution to predicting Internet gamblers from those that had never wagered online. A hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that cognitive distortions added significantly to problem gambling severity among online gamblers after controlling for other contributing variables. The findings have implications for clinicians working with Internet gamblers to specifically address thoughts related to luck, perseverance and illusion of control. As gambling technologies change and evolve, research needs to inform practice by identifying possible causal factors contributing to problem severity.

Negative interactions between people and large carnivores are common and will probably increase as the human population and livestock production continue to expand. Livestock predation by wild carnivores can significantly affect the livelihoods of farmers, resulting in retaliatory killings and subsequent conflicts between local communities and conservationists. A better understanding of livestock predation patterns could help guide measures to improve both human relationships and coexistence with carnivores. Environmental variables can influence the intensity of livestock predation, are relatively easy to monitor, and could potentially provide a useful predictive framework for targeting mitigation. We chose lion predation of livestock as a model to test whether variations in environmental conditions trigger changes in predation. Analysing 6 years of incident reports for Pandamatenga village in Botswana, an area of high human–lion conflict, we used generalized linear models to show that significantly more attacks coincided with lower moonlight levels and temperatures, and attack severity increased significantly with extreme minimum temperatures. Furthermore, we found a delayed effect of rainfall: lower rainfall was followed by a significantly increased severity of attacks in the following month. Our results suggest that preventative measures, such as introducing deterrents or changing livestock management, could be implemented adaptively based on environmental conditions. This could be a starting point for investigating similar effects in other large carnivores, to reduce livestock attacks and work towards wider human–wildlife coexistence.

The stratigraphical limits on the age of the Freetown intrusion, Sierra Leone, are very wide, yet the intrusion has not previously been accurately dated by isotopic methods, despite a number of attempts. Rubidium-strontium dating of acid veins contemporaneous with the early stages of the prolonged cooling history of the intrusion provides an age of 193 ± 3 Ma. The veins consist of quartz and orthoclase with relict minerals, principally plagioclase, from thehost gabbro. Electron-microprobe analysis of the altered minerals of the veins, and the petrography of the vein and adjacent host gabbro clearly demonstrate that the veins were formed from a granitic fraction, differentiated in situ from the surrounding solid gabbro with the assistance of a hydrous fluid phase within the incipient vein. This assertion is supported by the identical, low value of the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0·70389) obtained from both the acid and basic rocks, and the technique described here may be useful in dating other, similar, intrusions.

Bohdanowiczite was first described in 1967 but incomplete data prevented its acceptance as a new mineral at that time. Additional data on the same material now characterize bohdanowiczite as a new species with the formula:

3[(Ag0.98Cu0.02)0.97(Bi0.97Pb0.03)1.02(Se0.83S0.17)2.01]

The mineral occurs in intimate intergrowths with clausthalite and wittichenite in polymetallic mineralization at Kletno in Poland. In reflected light bohdanowiczite has a creamy-yellow colour and short polysynthetic twinning is frequently observed. Cell parameters indexed on a hexagonal lattice are a = 4.183±0.008 Å and c = 19.561± 0.016 Å. P m1 is the most likely space group. The strongest lines of the powder pattern are 2.91(100), 2.03(30), 3.40(20), 6.54(20), 2.09(18), 3.26(18). The calculated density is 7.72 gm/cm3 and the VHN between 63 and 96 kg/mm2.

Tristramite, a new mineral of the rhabdophane group, has the composition (Ca0.54U4+ 0.29Fe3+ 0.17)Σ1.00 [(PO4)0.79(SO4)0.12(CO3)0.07]Σ0.98·1.77H2O. It occurs as a late-stage replacement or matrix to brecciated uraninite (var. pitchblende) associated with sulphides in hydrothermal veins related to Hercynian granites in south-west England. It is hexagonal, space group P6222, with a 6.913 ± 0.003 Å and c 6.422 ± 0.006 Å. The strongest lines of the indexed powder pattern are 2.99 (100), 2.83 (100), 2.14 (50), 1.850 (50), 5.99 (40), 4.37 (40), 3.46 (30). For comparison, new indexed powder data for rhabdophane from Fowey Consols, Cornwall, are included. The mineral is pale yellow to greenish yellow, uniaxial positive with ω 1.644 and ε 1.664, and does not fluoresce in either short-or long-wave ultraviolet light. The habit is acicular or fibrous and no cleavage has been observed. Density (g/cm3) 3.8–4.2 (meas.), 4.18 (calc.).

Microprobe analyses of members of the erlichmanite-laurite series from Guma Water and Senduma, Sierra Leone and Tanah Laut, Borneo, indicate that complete solid solution is possible between OsS2 and RuS2 with considerable substitution of Os and Ru by Ir, Rh, and Pt. The cell size of the erlichmanite from Guma Water is a = 5.6183±0.0003 Å at a composition (Os0.61Ru0.30Ir0.06Rh0.03)Σ0.93S2 whilst the laurite from Senduma has a composition of (Ru0.88Os0.05Ir0.04 Rh0.03)Σ0.93S2 and a cell size of a = 5.6089±0.0005 Å. Substitution of Os for Ru provides the predominant cause of the variation of cell size. Substitution by other elements of the platinum group appears to produce little effect on cell size and is presumably controlled by genesis rather than considerations of crystal chemistry or structure. The recorded analyses for these elements indicate a pre-dominance of Ir over Rh for members of the series containing more than about 15% of the laurite molecule. For the remainder of the series Rh is more important than Ir. The reflectance in air and oil of the members of the series from Sierra Leone and Borneo are presented and the microhardness of the erlichmanite from Guma Water shown to be 1854 kg/mm2. This is the first report of laurite from Senduma, Sierra Leone.

A new mineral, nukundamite, from a Fijian kuroko deposit is described. It has been referred to as idaite, Cu5FeS6, or Cu5.5x Fex S6.5x . Electron-probe analyses gave Cu 56.51, Fe 9.64, and S 33.51, total with traces of Ag and As is 99.79%. Hexagonal with a 3.782, c 11.187 Å, Z = 1. Empirical formula Cu3.37, Fe0.66, S3.97 on the basis of eight atoms. Copper-coloured, metallic lustre, cleavage {0001} perfect. Density (g cm−3) 4.53 (calc), 4.30 (meas). Strongly pleochroic from reddish orange (R o) to pale grey (R e). Parallel extinction. Very strong anisotropy with pale green-grey rotation colours. Reflectance values and quantitative colour values in air and oil are given. Similarities with the covelline structure are indicated.

An attempt to fully describe idaite from the Ida mine was unsuccessful. The description of the type material therefore remains inadequate.

Quality measures are increasingly reported by hospitals to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), yet there may be tradeoffs in performance between infection control (IC) and other quality measures. Hospitals that performed best on IC measures did not perform well on most CMS non–IC quality measures.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:736–739

An electromagnetic stress-wave generator which was developed to study shock waves in snow and ice is described. This system works on the principle of generating large electrical currents to produce highly transient loads on the test specimen. In its present configuration, the generator can produce pressures ranging from a few kilopascals to as large as 104 kPa and load frequencies as, high as 150 kHz. The system has been found to have high repeatability and has good turn-round time.

We report the results of a subgroup analysis of the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown trial. In 20 intensive care units, the reduction in acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus observed in this trial was observed in units also using chlorhexidine bathing and in those that previously performed active surveillance.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–4

The objective of radiocarbon pretreatment is to eliminate any contaminant carbon from the sample material. Solvent washes and acid-base-acid (ABA) procedures are widely used for this purpose. However, quantitatively analyzing their effectiveness is surprisingly problematic, as it often requires large numbers of 14C measurements or high-precision compositional analysis. The technique presented here involves monitoring the impact of different forms of contamination by measuring their adherence to a non-carbonaceous substrate called Chromosorb®. Firstly, the substrate was used in place of a 14C sample in order to monitor the accrual of carbon contamination during a standard solvent wash and ABA pretreatment. This produced a contamination profile against which modifications to the pretreatment procedure could be compared. Secondly, stocks were prepared of Chromosorb that had been infused with environmental contaminants and with common glues, adhesives, and preservatives. By monitoring the elimination of carbon from these stocks, the effectiveness of different pretreatment procedures could be evaluated and the most problematic of the contaminants for 14C dating could be identified.