This study aimed to measure urinary sodium and potassium as a measure of sodium and potassium intake concerning the knowledge, attitude and practice towards sodium intake among a group of healthy residents in the UAE.

A cross-sectional study on a sample of healthy adults in the UAE. In addition to the knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire, sodium and potassium excretions and food records were taken.

The UAE.

A sample of 190 healthy individuals aged between 20 and 60 years.

The mean (± sd) age of the sample was 38·6 (± 12·5) years, and 50·5 % were females. The mean urinary sodium and potassium intake were 2816·2 ± 675·7 mg/d and 2533·3 ± 615 mg/d, respectively. The means were significantly different compared with the WHO recommendation of sodium and potassium (P < 0·001). About 65 % of the participants exceeded the WHO recommendations for salt intake, and participants’ knowledge classification for health-related issues was fair, while food-related knowledge was poor (P = 0·001). A two-stage stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that knowledge, attitude and practice scores were negatively associated with urinary sodium excretion (r = –0·174; P = 0·017) and those older participants and females had lower urinary sodium excretion (P < 0·001).

These findings may suggest an increase in the risk of hypertension in the UAE population. Moreover, these findings emphasise the need to establish education and public awareness programmes focusing on identifying the sodium contents of foods and establishing national regulations regarding food reformulation, particularly for staple foods such as bread.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and severe mental disorder. Although inpatient care may be needed in some cases, little is known on which factors are associated with risk for readmission.

To identify risk factors associated with an increased risk of readmission within 90 days, after being discharged from psychiatric inpatient care for depression.

A medical record review is ongoing based on consecutive inpatients admitted in 2019-2021 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, in Sweden. Inclusion criteria are MDD-diagnosis, admission > 7 days, no admission during the past half-year. Exclusion criteria are blocked medical record, patients who expired within 90 days after discharge. Time to first readmission for discharged patients was examined within 90 days. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were compared between readmitted and no-readmitted patients.

To date, 446 cases have been included with a readmission rate of 19.5%. In a subgroup of 182 patients (admitted between April 2020 and March 2021), psychotic subtype of depression seems to be protective to re-admission (p < .003) while comorbid eating (p < .017) and neurodevelopmental disorder (p < .029) seem to be associated with high risk. At the congress, results from the whole cohort will be presented.

Medical record reviews can give good clinically relevant data for prediction of readmission. Comorbidities and depression subtypes may affect the risk for readmission.

None Declared

This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of using a high-definition intra-operative exoscope in teaching septorhinoplasty.

The exoscope was used in septorhinoplasty cases with different trainers and trainees. A high-definition screen displayed real-time, magnified images. Post-procedure, a questionnaire was completed by trainer and trainees, assessing the feasibility, safety and content validity of the exoscope as a septorhinoplasty training tool.

Trainees and trainers assigned favourable ratings to all aspects of the exoscope as a training tool, particularly with regard to teaching anatomy and improving visualisation.

The exoscope is a potentially effective training tool in septorhinoplasty, and is especially useful in improving visualisation, without restricting the operator. Annotatable intra-operative photographs and videos allow trainees to study cases outside of the operating theatre environment. The use of an exoscope for septorhinoplasty in the UK may facilitate increased hands-on involvement earlier in training than is currently typical.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), individuals’ compliance with protective behaviors was the most effective strategy to break the infection chain and prevent disease spread, even with vaccine availability and use. Understanding protective behaviors within the Jordanian context will shape health promotion campaigns and guide decision-makers to facilitate required resources and support Jordanian citizens. The objective of this study was to identify personal protective (preventive and avoidant) measures used by the Jordanian population during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect themselves from infection.

A cross-sectional study with an exploratory, descriptive design was used to collect data using an online self-reported questionnaire from Jordanian people. The survey included the Protection from Infection Scale and the Infection Avoidance Scale.

A total sample of 1053 Jordanian citizens was included in the study. The participants exhibited a moderate level of self-care behaviors and high levels of protective and infection avoidance behaviors. Their most common behaviors were getting enough sleep, wearing masks, washing hands, and avoiding travel to infected areas. Contrariwise, the least adopted behaviors were exercising, wearing gloves, and leaving their jobs or schools.

During pandemics, policy-makers must understand public concerns and protective behaviors, then provide them with tailored education through health promotion campaigns to enhance healthy behaviors.

Outbreaks and containment measures implemented to control them can increase stress in affected populations. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on perceived stress levels in the Jordanian population is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the perceived stress level and factors associated with it in the Jordanian population during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Required data, such as those from the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and possible predictors of perceived stress, were collected through a Web-based survey. Statistical analysis was conducted through SPSS.

The mean (SD) of perceived stress score was 19.8 (6.7). Regression analysis revealed that stress was increased in females, young adults, usually being stressed more than others by a health problem, increased perceived severity of the disease, increased overall worry score, and student’s worry regarding their studies/graduation. Perceived stress was decreased if participants’ self-rated health status score increased.

In the context of increasing public health preparedness, the results of this study can be used in designing interventions to alleviate stress in susceptible segments of the Jordanian community.

to examine the longitudinal effect of depression on glycemic control in a sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.

the patients were recruited from diabetes clinic in Saudi airlines medical center, in Jeddah, the base line study community consisted from 172 patients with type 2 diabetes. They were assessed for depression using BDI II, and diagnostic interview, and for diabetic control using HbA1c. We created a person-period data set for each patient to cover 6 months intervals up to 3 years. We used generalized estimation equation (GEE) for analysis of longitudinal data. HbA1C was the response variable while depression and time were the main covariates. Variables were included in GEE models based on clinical importance and preliminary analysis. Other variables included as covariates were gender, education, duration of diabetes, co-morbidity and LDL. All statistical analysis used α = 0.05 level of significance and were performed using SPSS software version 21.

Unadjusted HbA1c means were significantly higher in depressed vs. non-depressed subjects at all time points. The adjusted HbA1c means in final GEE model were significantly higher in depressed vs. non-depressed subjects. In all adjusted models depression was a predictor of glycemic control weather it was BDI score (estimate = .049, P = .002), diagnoses of MDD (estimate = 2.038, P = .000), or other depressive diagnosis (estimate = 1.245, P = .000).

This study on clinical sample of type 2 diabetic patients demonstrates that there is a significant longitudinal relationship between depression and glycemic control and that depression is associated with persistently higher HbA1c over time.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

To evaluate the level of undergraduate and post-graduate ENT exposure amongst general practitioners and their perceived quality of this training. A secondary aim was to examine whether general practitioners believe ENT department based rotations should remain in the undergraduate curriculum.

An online questionnaire-based survey was sent to general practices in England.

A total of 417 general practitioners completed the questionnaire. Sixty-seven per cent had completed an ENT rotation at medical school whereas 27 per cent had undertaken a postgraduate placement in ENT. Fifty-one per cent had received post-graduate teaching in ENT, mainly in the form of lectures. The majority of general practitioners were not satisfied with their training in ENT at undergraduate and post-graduate levels. Eighty-five per cent of general practitioners believed formal hospital-based ENT training should remain in the undergraduate curriculum.

General practitioners reported insufficient exposure to ENT during both post-graduate and undergraduate training. Proposals to outsource undergraduate ENT teaching to affiliated departments such as general practice are of concern.

This study aimed to develop a multidisciplinary coded dataset standard for nasal surgery and to assess its impact on data accuracy.

An audit of 528 patients undergoing septal and/or inferior turbinate surgery, rhinoplasty and/or septorhinoplasty, and nasal fracture surgery was undertaken.

A total of 200 septoplasties, 109 septorhinoplasties, 57 complex septorhinoplasties and 116 nasal fractures were analysed. There were 76 (14.4 per cent) changes to the primary diagnosis. Septorhinoplasties were the most commonly amended procedures. The overall audit-related income change for nasal surgery was £8.78 per patient. Use of a multidisciplinary coded dataset standard revealed that nasal diagnoses were under-coded; a significant proportion of patients received more precise diagnoses following the audit. There was also significant under-coding of both morbidities and revision surgery.

The multidisciplinary coded dataset standard approach can improve the accuracy of both data capture and information flow, and, thus, ultimately create a more reliable dataset for use outcomes and health planning.

When performing septoplasty or septorhinoplasty, we have observed that patients blink on injection of local anaesthetic (lidocaine 1 per cent with adrenaline 1:80 000) into the nasal mucosa of the anterior septum or vestibular skin, despite appropriate general anaesthesia. This study sought to quantify this phenomenon by conducting a prospective audit of all patients undergoing septoplasty or septorhinoplasty.

Patients were observed for a blink reflex at the time of local anaesthetic infiltration into the nasal vestibule. Also measured at this point were propofol target-controlled infusion levels, remifentanil rate, bispectral index, blood pressure, heart rate, pupil size and position, and patient movement.

There were 15 blink reflexes in the 30 patients observed. The average bispectral index value was 32.75 (range, 22–50) in the blink group and 26.77 (range, 18–49) in the non-blink group. No patients moved on local anaesthetic injection.

The blink reflex appears to occur in 50 per cent of patients, despite a deep level of anaesthesia. Without an understanding and appreciation of the blink reflex, this event may result in a request to deepen anaesthesia, but this is not necessary and surgery can proceed safely.

The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure is mainly used for refractory frontal sinusitis. However, we have used it as an access procedure to facilitate treatment for an extended range of additional frontal sinus pathologies.

A retrospective review of patients who underwent the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure for ‘alternative’ frontal sinus pathologies was conducted. Patient data were reviewed. The main outcome parameter measured was signs of recurrence.

Twelve patients (6 males, 6 females) from a 7-year study period, with a mean age of 45.2 years (range, 16–78 years), were analysed. The surgical indications included frontoethmoidal mucoceles, cerebrospinal fluid leaks within the frontal sinus, cystic fibrosis, frontal sinus osteoma, frontal sinus ossifying fibroma and frontal silent sinus syndrome. The mean follow-up period was 33.3 months. There were no known recurrences.

We have used the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure for a range of frontal sinus pathologies, safely and effectively, with no peri-operative complications.

To demonstrate a novel and effective surgical technique for the treatment of refractory cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea after skull base surgery. The novel surgical technique is described and the findings of a review of relevant world English-language publications are reported.

A 44-year-old woman, otherwise fit and well, presented with more than a 2-year history of right-sided facial pain. A diagnosis of classical trigeminal neuralgia was made. Surgical treatment was undertaken with a retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy. Post-operatively, the patient showed signs of right-sided cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea which was recalcitrant. In light of a continuous leak and several hospital admissions, a novel technique was performed whereby the eustachian tube orifice was obliterated using an endonasal endoscopic approach. The technique proved to be successful, with no further leakage.

Endoscopic obliteration of the eustachian tube using a double seal technique is a simple, safe and effective procedure in the treatment of a refractory cerebrospinal fluid leak.