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TwinsMX: Exploring the Genetic and Environmental Influences on Health Traits in the Mexican Population
- Brisa García-Vilchis, Talia V. Román-López, Diego Ramírez-González, Xanat J. López-Camaño, Vanessa Murillo-Lechuga, Xóchitl Díaz-Téllez, C. Itzamná Sánchez-Moncada, Ian M. Espinosa-Méndez, Diego Zenteno-Morales, Zaida X. Espinosa-Valdes, Sofia Pradel-Jiménez, Andrea Tapia-Atilano, Ana V. Zanabria-Pérez, Federica Livas-Gangas, Oscar Aldana-Assad, Ulises Caballero-Sánchez, César A. Dominguez-Frausto, Miguel E. Rentería, Alejandra Medina-Rivera, Sarael Alcauter, Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras
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- Twin Research and Human Genetics , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 May 2024, pp. 1-12
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TwinsMX registry is a national research initiative in Mexico that aims to understand the complex interplay between genetics and environment in shaping physical and mental health traits among the country’s population. With a multidisciplinary approach, TwinsMX aims to advance our knowledge of the genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying ethnic variations in complex traits and diseases, including behavioral, psychometric, anthropometric, metabolic, cardiovascular and mental disorders. With information gathered from over 2800 twins, this article updates the prevalence of several complex traits; and describes the advances and novel ideas we have implemented such as magnetic resonance imaging. The future expansion of the TwinsMX registry will enhance our comprehension of the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in shaping health and disease in the Mexican population. Overall, this report describes the progress in the building of a solid database that will allow the study of complex traits in the Mexican population, valuable not only for our consortium, but also for the worldwide scientific community, by providing new insights of understudied genetically admixed populations.
Mechanism of Acid Activation of Magnesic Palygorskite
- F. Gonzalez, C. Pesquera, I. Benito, S. Mendioroz, J. A. Pajares
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 37 / Issue 3 / June 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 April 2024, pp. 258-262
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This paper compares the texture of palygorskite after acid leaching with that of the product after extraction silica is removed. These effects were evaluated on the basis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption and mercury penetration porosimetry. Acid leaching at reflux temperature with 2 N HCl resulted in an increase in surface area from 138 to 399 m2/g, due to a partial (~50%) dissolution of the octahedral sheet and the creation of microporosity. This microporosity disappeared if the silica generated by the leaching was removed. The surface area also decreased from 399 to 214 m2/g, and the pore volume decreased from 0.538 to 0.507 cm3/g. The microporosity must therefore have been due to texture development in the generated silica.
Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in ~1022 W/cm2 laser-plasma experiments
- E.A. Vishnyakov, A. Sagisaka, K. Ogura, T.Zh. Esirkepov, B. Gonzalez Izquierdo, C. Armstrong, T.A. Pikuz, S.A. Pikuz, W. Yan, T.M. Jeong, S. Singh, P. Hadjisolomou, O. Finke, G.M. Grittani, M. Nevrkla, C.M. Lazzarini, A. Velyhan, T. Hayakawa, Y. Fukuda, J.K. Koga, M. Ishino, Ko. Kondo, Y. Miyasaka, A. Kon, M. Nishikino, Y.V. Nosach, D. Khikhlukha, I.P. Tsygvintsev, D. Kumar, J. Nejdl, D. Margarone, P.V. Sasorov, S. Weber, M. Kando, H. Kiriyama, Y. Kato, G. Korn, K. Kondo, S.V. Bulanov, T. Kawachi, A.S. Pirozhkov
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- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Accepted manuscript
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 March 2024, pp. 1-58
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Mineral-Content and Particle-Size Effects on the Colloidal Properties of Concentrated Lateritic Suspensions
- A. Cerpa, M. T. García-González, P. Tartaj, J. Requena, L. Garcell, C. J. Serna
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 47 / Issue 4 / August 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 515-521
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The rheological behavior of concentrated lateritic suspensions from Cuba is affected by mineral composition and particle size. Electrophoretic mobility and yield stress were considered. The lateritic samples were found to be mostly composed of mixtures of serepentine and goethite in varying proportions. The flow properties of the lateritic suspensions are strongly affected by the mineral composition and particle size. This result was determined by comparison of flow properties of the bulk sample and the colloidal fraction. The electrokinetic curves suggest that heterocoagulation is present in all samples, with a zeta potential minimum at the isoelectric point (IEP), which varies with the serpentine to goethite ratio. A relationship between yield stress (τ0) and the sample volume fraction (ϕ) and particle size (d) was obtained at the IEP from the expression τ0 = kϕ3/d0.5, with the constant k dependent on the sample serpentine to goethite ratio.
Visual stimulus brightness influences the efficiency of attractant-baited traps for catching Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
- Samuel Cruz-Esteban, Edith Garay-Serrano, Francisco J. González, Julio C. Rojas
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- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 114 / Issue 2 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 08 February 2024, pp. 180-189
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Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is an exotic pest of economic importance that affects several soft-skinned fruits in Mexico. Previously, we found that yellow or yellow-green rectangular cards inside a transparent trap baited with attractants improved D. suzukii capture. In this study, we evaluated the influence of rectangular cards with different yellow shades inside a transparent multi-hole trap baited with apple cider vinegar (ACV) on D. suzukii capture in the field. Second, we tested whether ACV-baited traps with cards of other geometric shapes affected D. suzukii catches compared to traps with rectangular cards. Third, we evaluated the effects of commercial lures combined with a more efficient visual stimulus from previous experiments on trapping D. suzukii flies. We found that ACV-baited traps plus a yellow-shaded rectangle card with 67% reflectance at a 549.74 nm dominant wavelength captured more flies than ACV-baited traps with yellow rectangle cards with a higher reflectance. Overall, ACV-baited traps with rectangles and squares caught more flies than did ACV-baited traps without visual stimuli. The traps baited with SuzukiiLURE-Max, ACV and Z-Kinol plus yellow rectangles caught 57, 70 and 101% more flies, respectively, than the traps baited with the lure but without a visual stimulus.
Influence of Silicate- and Magnesium-Specific Adsorption and Particle Shape on the Rheological Behavior of Mixed Serpentine-Goethite Suspensions
- P. Tartaj, A. Cerpa, M. T. García-González, C. J. Serna
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 50 / Issue 3 / June 2002
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 342-347
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The influence of dissolved species and particle morphology on the electrokinetic behavior and the initial yield stress values of Cuban lateritic aqueous suspensions was studied. The lateritic samples were mixtures of serpentine and goethite in different relative proportions. The addition of silicate and Mg ionic species, which are normally found in natural waters used in industrial processes, affected the electrokinetic and flow behavior of the lateritic suspensions. Specific adsorption of these species on particle surfaces was shown by a shift of the isoelectric point and the maximum of the initial yield stress to more acidic pH (Si ionic species adsorption) and more basic pH (Mg ionic species adsorption), when compared to suspensions containing only non-adsorbing electrolytes. The initial yield-stress values determined in samples consisting entirely of goethite varied from sample to sample. A detailed crystallochemical characterization revealed that these changes were associated with the axial ratio (i.e. ratio of particle length to width) of the mineral particles. Goethite samples with larger particle size (smaller number of particles for a given solid concentration) and greater axial ratios presented initial yield-stress values greater than those goethites with smaller particle size and lower axial ratio.
6 Improved verbal fluency following unilateral right hemisphere subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: Is implant hemisphere a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline?
- Victor A Del Bene, Roy C Martin, Sarah A Brinkerhoff, Joseph W Olson, Dario Marotta, Christopher L Gonzalez, Kelly A Mills, J Nicole Bentley, Barton L Guthrie, Harrison C Walker
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 112-113
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Objective:
Non-motor symptoms, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, are an overwhelming cause of disability in Parkinson’s disease (PD). While subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is safe and effective for motor symptoms, declines in verbal fluency after bilateral DBS surgery have been widely replicated. However, little is known about cognitive outcomes following unilateral surgeries.
Participants and Methods:We enrolled 31 PD patients who underwent unilateral STN-DBS in a randomized, cross-over, double-blind study (SUNDIAL Trial). Targets were chosen based on treatment of the most symptomatic side (n = 17 left hemisphere and 14 right hemisphere). All participants completed a neuropsychological battery (FAS/CFL, AVLT, DKEFS Color-Word Test) at baseline, then 2, 4, and 6 months post-surgery. Outcomes include raw scores for verbal fluency, immediate and delayed recall, and DKEFS Color-Word Inhibition trial (Trial 3) completion time. At 2, 4, and 6 months, the neurostimulation type (directional versus ring mode) was randomized for each participant. We compared baseline scores for all cognitive outcome measures using Welch’s two-sample t-tests and used linear mixed effects models to examine longitudinal effects of hemisphere and stimulation on cognition. This test battery was converted to a teleneuropsychology administration because of COVID-19 mid-study, and this was included as a covariate in all statistical models, along with years of education, baseline cognitive scores, and levodopa equivalent medication dose at each time point.
Results:At baseline, patients who underwent left hemisphere implants scored lower on verbal fluency than right implants (t(20.66) = -2.49, p = 0.02). There were not significant differences between hemispheres in immediate recall (p = 0.57), delayed recall (p = 0.22), or response inhibition (p = 0.51). Post-operatively, left STN DBS patients experienced significant declines in verbal fluency over the study period (p = 0.02), while patients with right-sided stimulation demonstrated improvements (p < .001). There was no main effect of stimulation parameters (directional versus ring) on verbal fluency, memory, or inhibition, but there was a three-way interaction between time, stimulation parameters, and hemisphere on inhibition, such that left STN DBS patients receiving ring stimulation completed the inhibition trial faster (p = 0.035). After surgery, right STN DBS patients displayed faster inhibition times than patients with left implants (p = 0.015).
Conclusions:Declines in verbal fluency after bilateral stimulation are the most commonly reported cognitive sequalae of DBS for movement disorders. Here we found group level declines in verbal fluency after unilateral left STN implants, but not right STN DBS up to 6 months after surgery. Patients with right hemisphere implants displayed improvements in verbal fluency. Compared to bilateral DBS, unilateral DBS surgery, particularly in the right hemisphere, is likely a modifiable risk factor for verbal fluency declines in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Students’ emotional well-being and religiosity during the COVID-19 pandemic- an international study in 7 countries
- K. H. Karakula, A. Forma, R. Sitarz, J. Baj, D. Juchnowicz, J. Bogucki, W. Tuszyńska-Bogucka, M. L. Tee, C. A. Tee, J. T. Ly-Uson, M. S. Islam, M. T. Sikder, A. H. El-Monshed, A. Loutfy, M. F. Hussain Qureshi, M. Abbas, S. Taseen, M. Lakhani, S. Jayakumar, S. Ilango, S. Kumar, Á. A. Ruiz-Chow, A. Iturbide, D. D. González-Mille, H. Karakula-Juchnowicz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S406
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Introduction
There are no conclusive findings about the possible protective role of religion on students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, more research is needed.
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the level of emotional distress and religiosity among students from 7 different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MethodsData were collected by an online cross-sectional survey that was distributed amongst Polish (N = 1196), Bengali (N = 1537), Indian (N = 483), Mexican (N = 231), Egyptian (N = 565), Philippine (N = 2062), and Pakistani (N = 506) students (N = 6642) from 12th April to 1st June 2021. The respondents were asked several questions regarding their religiosity which was measured by The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), the emotional distress was measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).
ResultsEgypt with Islam as the dominant religion showed the greatest temple attendance (organizational religious activity: M=5.27±1.36) and spirituality (intrinsic religiosity: M=5.27±1.36), p<0.0001. On another hand, Egyptian students had the lowest emotional distress measured in all categories DASS-21 (depression: M=4.87±10.17, anxiety: M=4.78±10.13, stress: M=20.76±11.46). Two countries with the dominant Christian religion achieved the highest score for private religious activities (non-organizational religious activity; Mexico: M=3.94±0.94, Poland: M=3.63±1.20; p<0.0001) and experienced a moderate level of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. Students from Mexico presented the lowest attendance to church (M=2.46±1,39) and spirituality (M=6.68± 3.41) and had the second highest level of depressive symptoms (M=19.13±13.03) and stress (M=20.27±1.98). Philippines students had the highest DASS-21 score (depression: M=22.77±12.58, anxiety: M=16.07±10.77, stress: M=4.87±10.08) and their level of religiosity reached average values in the whole group. The performed regression analysis confirmed the importance of the 3 dimensions (organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, intrinsic religiosity) of religiosity for the well-being of students, except for the relationship between anxiety and private religious activities. The result was as presented for depression: R2=0.0398, F(3.664)=91.764, p<0.0001, SE of E: 12.88; anxiety: R2=0.0124, F(3.664)=27.683, p<0.0001, SE of E: 10,62; stress: R2= 0.0350, F(3.664)=80.363, p<0.0001, SE of E: 12.30.
ConclusionsThe higher commitment to organizational religious activity, non-organizational religious activity, and intrinsic religiositywas correlated with the lower level of depressive symptoms, stress, and anxiety among students during the COVID-19 pandemic, but taking into account factors related to religiosity explains the level of emotional well-being to a small extent.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Group psychotherapy for patients with first-episode psychosis: Effect on the clinical status and use of resources
- P. Herrero Ortega, A. Oliva Lozano, J. Garde González, C. Bayón-Pérez, R. Mediavilla, M. P. Vidal-Villegas, B. Rodríguez-Vega, S. Cebolla, E. Román, E. V. Pérez Pérez, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz, O. B. O. AGES-Mind Group
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S635-S636
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Introduction
Psychotic disorders carry several economical, psychological and social consequences, both at individual and community levels. Early intervention programs after first-episode psychosis which combine pharmacological and psychosocial strategies are aimed at reducing symptoms, lowering costs in the use of health and non-health care resources and improving overall functioning. AGES-Mind study is based on manualized psychotherapeutic interventions for people with first-psychosis episodes.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a group psychotherapeutic intervention on the clinical status and use of clinical resources in a sample of patients with first-episode psychosis at 12 and 24 months after the beginning of the intervention. This cohort will be compared to patients with first-psychosis episodes without group psychotherapeutic intervention.
MethodsLongitudinal, observational, retrospective study on a cohort of N=46 patients with first-episode psychosis within the last 5 years. Two groups of 23 patients each were formed. The participants of one of those groups received group psychotherapy in the context of the AGES-Mind study and the other group received treatment as usual without group intervention. Non-exposed patients were matched by age, gender and time elapsed since first-episode psychosis with those exposed to the intervention. Sociodemographic data, clinical status and use of clinical resources outcome variables were assessed.
ResultsNo significant differences were found in clinical status and use of resources between participants and non-participants in the psychotherapeutic group intervention after 12 and 24 months.
ConclusionsAfter controlling for potentially confounding variables as sociodemographic, age and time since first-episode, participating in a group psychotherapeutic program does not seem to improve clinical variables or use of resources. Further studies with larger samples would be necessary to explore other variables, such as symptoms, satisfaction with the intervention or social functioning.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
AGESMind clinical trial: SocialMIND® results at 16 weeks
- M. P. Vidal-Villegas, A. Abad Pérez, P. Herrero Ortega, A. Oliva Lozano, J. Garde González, J. Andreo-Jover, A. Muñoz-Sanjosé, R. Mediavilla, B. Rodríguez-Vega, G. Lahera, Á. Palao-Tarrero, C. Bayón-Pérez, M. F. Bravo-Ortiz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S480-S481
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Introduction
Early intervention on a first psychotic episode is fundamental for a more favorable prognosis, and it usually combines pharmacological treatment, which mainly affects positive psychotic symptoms, with interventions that can improve the rest of the symptoms and associated problems such as deterioration in social functioning (Harvey & Penn, 2010; Fusar-Poli, McGorry & Kane, 2017). While Mindfulness is gaining more and more prominence in the field of psychotherapy (Chan et al., 2019; Cillesen et al., 2019), social cognition and social functioning are being researched as key targets on which to intervene after a first psychotic episode (Green, Horan & Lee, 2015).
SocialMIND® is a mindfulness-based social cognition training tailor-made to improve social functioning in people who have suffered a first psychotic episode within the last five years. It is currently being compared with a group Psychoeducational Multicomponent Intervention (PMI) in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (Mediavilla et al., 2019). Both group psychotherapies include 17 sessions delivered over a 9 month period: 8 weekly sessions, 4 biweekly sessions and 5 monthly sessions.
The results of SocialMIND® at 8 weeks showed improvements in social cognition and social functioning, specifically on affective social cognition and self-care (Mediavilla et al., 2021).
ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of SocialMIND® in improving social functioning, measured by the Personal and Social Functioning (PSP) scale 16 weeks after starting the intervention, in people who have suffered a first psychotic episode in the last 5 years.
MethodsRandomized, controlled pilot trial (use of a psychoeducational multicomponent intervention or PMI as active comparator) of two parallel groups (SocialMIND® and PMI) with a 1:1 ratio using a blind evaluator.
ResultsNo statistically significant differences were found in the social functioning variable between the two treatment arms. Intragroup differences are observed in other secondary variables studied (social cognition) 16 weeks after starting the interventions.
ConclusionsSocialMIND® has not been shown to be more effective than a PMI in improving social functioning at 16 weeks after starting the intervention in people who have suffered a first psychotic episode in the five years prior to being included in the study.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
TRANVIA: A program for continuum mental health assistance in transition period
- L. Pérez Gómez, A. González Álvarez, M. A. Reyes Cortina, E. Lanza Quintana, N. Álvarez Alvargonzález, C. Rodríguez Turiel, E. Lago Machado, J. J. Martínez Jambrina
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S728
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Introduction
Transition between adolescence and adulthood represents the most important challenge for personal development and involves several transformations: physical, psychological and social. It is a complex age bracket, concurring the transition from youth psychiatric units to adult ones, with an increased risk for the appearance of mental disorders and risky behaviours. TRANVIA program, developed in Avilés, provides psychiatric assistance to patients between 15 and 25 years old, diagnosed with a severe psychiatric disorder or with an increased risk of having one.
ObjectivesOur objectives are: ensuring clinical continuity assistance, promoting communication among professionals and the empowerment of our patients to improve their functionality and quality of life.
MethodsDescriptive study including patients involved in TRANVIA program from November 2019 to November 2021.
ResultsDuring this two-years period there have been 44 referrals to the program, 11 of them were rejected for failure to comply with diagnostic criteria. In November 2021 there were 33 patients included in the TRANVIA program with an average age of 17 years old (range: 15-22). 70% of them were men and 30% women. All of them had psychiatric assistance from different sources: youth mental health units, neuropediatrics… About 75% of the patients were diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder and approximately three-quarters of the sample needed pharmacological treatment. Risperidone was the most prescribed drug. We have also developed other assistance alternatives as home-based care, relaxation sessions, social worker interventions and coordination with schools.
ConclusionsTRANVIA program has allowed us to provide continual attention to vulnerable patients that shift from youth psychiatric units to adult ones. Patients that meet inclusion criteria were enrolled independently the type of assistance they have previously received. Accessibility and flexibility were our priority. During the described period there was only one dropout, three patients required psychiatric hospitalization and two others visited the emergency department. There have been no cases of completed suicide.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Smoking treatments for patients with mental illness: case presentation and a brief literature review
- F. Garcia Sanchez, M. Gutierrez Rodriguez, C. Moreno Menguiano, M. A. Corral Alonso, J. J. Vazquez Vazquez, S. M. Bañon Gonzalez, V. Voces Domingo, J. A. Casado de la Hera
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S756
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Introduction
Smoking prevalence in patients with mental illness ranges between two to 4 times higher than general population. This higher prevalence has a multifactorial origin, and some of the possible causes are still unknown.
They have a higher prevalence of tobacco-associated diseases and higher mortality.
Additionally, these patients have greater difficulty in treating and quitting smoking.
A relationship has been found between severity of mental illness and smoking. Risk of suicide seems to be higher in patients with higher tobacco consumption. Schizophrenia is the mental illness that has been most closely related to smoking, with a prevalence close to 90%.
ObjectivesThe aim of this work is reviewing the current bibliography referring to smoking treatments for patients with mental illness
MethodsA literature search using electronic manuscripts available in PubMed database published during the last ten years and further description and discussion of a single-patient clinical case
ResultsThe treatment of tobacco dependence in patients with mental illnesses is sometimes waited until there is psychiatric stability, which can take a long time in those cases with more severe mental disorders, which can have negative physical and psychiatric consequences.
The combined treatment of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatment is the most effective approach. Nicotine replacement therapy can be useful, while combined use of antidepressants or anxiolytics is also recommended.
Bupropion has shown efficacy. In patients with schizophrenia it does not seem to worsen positive symptomatology, but improving the negative one. It should not be used in patients with bipolar disorder or bulimia.
Varenicline has shown efficacy in the general population, but limitations were established in patients with mental illness, although it is the drug that has shown greater efficacy. However, is not currently available in our country.
Cytisine is a drug with limited number of studies in the psychiatric population but it may be a reasonable treatment alternative.
ConclusionsThe prevalence of tobacco use in patients with mental illness is higher than the general population, especially in paranoid schizophrenia. The consequences on physical health and the evolution of psychiatric illness are very relevant. Based on above, a multidisciplinary and coordinated management involving psychiatrists and other specialists in the treatment of these patients should be desirable.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Brief psychotic episode in an adult without medical antecedents after suffering the indirect consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war
- R. G. Troyano, M. Fariña Francia, E. Marimon Muñoz, I. Fernandez Marquez, E. Miranda Ruiz, M. Arroyo Ucar, J. Ramirez Gonzalez, S. Ferreiro Gonzalez, C. Hidalgo, A. Quispe
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S911
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Introduction
Almost nine months after the start of the war between Russia and Ukraine, millions of people have been affected physically, economically and mainly mentally. Those who have stayed in their homeland, and the ones that have chosen to emigrate to a safer place.
ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to assess the importance of social stressors in the onset of a brief psychotic episode, even in the absence of substance abuse or previous illnesses.
MethodsThe case of a 45-year-old woman is described, known by the Pediatric Emergency Service, for being the tutor of a patient who suffered from anxiety attacks, having emigrated without her parents from Ukraine together with her 5 brothers. The psychotic episode begins when our patient gets notified that she must abandon the custody of the girl, because she will have to go to Turkey with her legal guardians. The family explains the behavioral changes that the patient made and how the clinical picture worsened.
ResultsShe was admitted at the Hospital’s Psychiatry Service and antipsychotics treatment started. After 5 days, the episode had completely been solved.
ConclusionsIn conclusion, we highlight the importance of social problems in the development of a psychiatric pathology and the necessary elements to prevent it: family support network, fast and efficient care services and availability of hospital and pharmaceutical resources.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Acute psychosis following corticosteroid administration for COVID-19 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection: A case study
- E. Miranda Ruiz, E. Marimon Muñoz, J. Ramirez Gonzalez, M. Fariña, R. G. Troyano, M. I. Arroyo Ucar, S. Ferreiro, I. Fernandez Marquez, C. Hidalgo, A. Quispe, L. Delgado
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S790
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Introduction
Steroids are a necessary treatment for hypoxic respiratory failure; however there are many side effects that should be taken into account. A 44- year-old-woman with asthma and no past psychiatric history was admitted due to COVID-19 pneumonia and Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, presenting hypoxic respiratory failure. After two days of intravenous methylprednisolone administration, the patient presented acute psychosis and agitation.
It has been previously described that steroid use can cause effects such as mania, anxiety, agitation, delirium and psychosis amongst other. However they are a necessary treatment in respiratory illnesses and are sometimes unavoidable.
ObjectivesThe aim was to examine the appropriate medical response to steroid induced psychosis in patients with acute hypoxic failure.
MethodsA bibliographical review was done in PubMed database searching recent cases of steroid induced psychosis using the words (“Steroid”, “Psychosis” and “COVID-19”).
ResultsAccording to literature, it has been shown that partial or complete reduction of steroid use and/or use of psychotropic has been successfully used to treat steroid induced psychosis. Following the research it was decided to reduce intravenous methylprednisolone dose from 20mg/ 8h to 20mg/12h and start oral haloperidol 5mg/8h the first 24h and reducing the dose progressively as the patient recovered. After the first 24 hours the patient presented adequate response to steroids as well as partial response to antipsychotic treatment; presenting no further agitation, absence of hallucinations and partial persistence of the persecutory delusion. A couple of days later there was complete remission of the psychotic symptoms and the patient was on the way to recovery from COVID-19 and RSV.
ConclusionsThere is evidence that suggests that medications such as steroids used to treat COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses can lead to psychotic episodes. It is very important to pay attention to possible side effects when treating with steroids and evaluate the patient history as well as suggest having a follow up visit after the hospital discharge.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Acute mutism in a young female. A case report of a 20-year-old female who presents a 3-month mutism
- A. Gonzalez-Mota, A. Gonzalez-Gil, C. Martin-Gomez, J. A. Benito-Sanchez, I. M. Peso-Navarro, L. Fernandez-Alonso
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S177-S178
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Introduction
A 20-year-old female presents with a progressive 3-month mutism, hyporexia (20kg weight loss), abulia, anhedonia, apathy, social isolation,seeking company of her parents even at night, bradypsychia, sialorrhea, psychomotor slowdown and hypomimia. She is hospitalized in the Psychiatric Brief Hospitalization Unit (PBHU).Her parents relate the beginning of this symptomatology to a breakup and gender violence,which the patient confirms during the interview by eye/cephalic movements and single words jotted down.
ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe the evolution of the patient during her hospitalization in the PBHU of Salamanca and to look into the available bibliography about mutism related to stress and sialorrhea.
MethodsWe carried out a follow-up of the hospitalization of the patient and a structured search in PubMed with the keywords “mutism”,“sialorrhea” and “stress” in the last 10 years in English,Spanish and French.
ResultsFew or no articles where found.Therefore, the articles about mutism and stress were analyzed, which focused mostly in selective mutism. Regarding fear,the response to cope with the threat(fight, flight, freeze) is mediated by the autonomic system. The “Polyvagal Theory” speaks about the vagus nerve participating in emotion regulation (social communication and mobilization). Dissociation, in this context,has adaptive and defensive purposes and its threshold can be reduced by repeated stress situations.Long-term alteration of the autonomic nervous system has been described in selective mutism.This malfunction can be related to an elevated production of saliva due to the activation of the parasympathetic in the salivary glands, causing sialorrhea in our patient.
The patient began treatment with sertraline 100mg and risperidone 2mg with the aim of its antidepressive and major tranquilizer effects, she also began individual and family psychotherapy, we assured her sleep and intakes and she began to progressively recover her speech and mobility,identifying a possible trigger for the symptomatology: a physical beating of gender violence after her breakup.
ConclusionsDissociation and “freeze” response can be a maladaptative mechanism to fear.The malfunction of the autonomic nervous system can explain the disconnection,poor gaze,low facial and body expression and inability to speak.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Facing the COVID-19 pandemic – an assessment of students’ mental health and major coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic – an international study
- A. A. Forma, K. H. Karakuła, R. Sitarz, D. Juchnowicz, J. Baj, J. Bogucki, J. Rog, M. L. Tee, C. A. Tee, J. T. Ly-Uson, M. S. Islam, M. T. Sikder, A. H. El-Monshed, A. Loutfy, M. F. H. Qureshi, M. Abbas, S. Taseen, M. Lakhani, C. Wang, X. Wan, Y. Tan, R. Pan, R. Ho, S. Jayakumar, S. Ilango, S. Kumar K, Á. A. Ruiz-Chow, A. Iturbide, D. D. González-Mille, L. P. Doan, H. Karakuła-Juchnowicz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S152-S153
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Introduction
TDuring COVID-19 pandemic, it was noticed that it was students who were mostly affected by the changes that aroused because of the pandemic. The interesting part is whether students’ well-being could be associated with their fields of study as well as coping strategies.
ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to assess 1) the mental health of students from nine countries with a particular focus on depression, anxiety, and stress levels and their fields of study, 2) the major coping strategies of students after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
MethodsWe conducted an anonymous online cross-sectional survey on 12th April – 1st June 2021 that was distributed among the students from Poland, Mexico, Egypt, India, Pakistan, China, Vietnam, Philippines, and Bangladesh. To measure the emotional distress, we used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and to identify the major coping strategies of students - the Brief-COPE.
ResultsWe gathered 7219 responses from students studying five major studies: medical studies (N=2821), social sciences (N=1471), technical sciences (N=891), artistic/humanistic studies (N=1094), sciences (N=942). The greatest intensity of depression (M=18.29±13.83; moderate intensity), anxiety (M=13.13±11.37; moderate intensity ), and stress (M=17.86±12.94; mild intensity) was observed among sciences students. Medical students presented the lowest intensity of all three components - depression (M=13.31±12.45; mild intensity), anxiety (M=10.37±10.57; moderate intensity), and stress (M=13.65±11.94; mild intensity). Students of all fields primarily used acceptance and self-distraction as their coping mechanisms, while the least commonly used were self-blame, denial, and substance use. The group of coping mechanisms the most frequently used was ‘emotional focus’. Medical students statistically less often used avoidant coping strategies compared to other fields of study. Substance use was only one coping mechanism that did not statistically differ between students of different fields of study. Behavioral disengagement presented the highest correlation with depression (r=0.54), anxiety (r=0.48), and stress (r=0.47) while religion presented the lowest positive correlation with depression (r=0.07), anxiety (r=0.14), and stress (r=0.11).
Conclusions1) The greatest intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress was observed among sciences students, while the lowest intensity of those components was found among students studying medicine.
2) Not using avoidant coping strategies might be associated with lower intensity of all DASS components among students.
3) Behavioral disengagement might be strongly associated with greater intensity of depression, anxiety, and stress among students.
4) There was no coping mechanism that provided the alleviation of emotional distress in all the fields of studies of students.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Understanding socio-labor inclusion among young adults with autism spectrum and mental disorders: preliminary findings
- M. S. Burrone, M. J. González, M. T. Solís-Soto, P. Valenzuela, L. Rojas, L. Colantonio, C. Cortés, C. Pérez
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S436-S437
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Introduction
Previous studies suggest that adults with mental disorders (MD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are more likely to be unemployed than those without MD. However, it is unclear whether working adults with MD or ASD perceive the same effort-reward balance as their counterparts without MD or ASD.
ObjectivesTo analyze labor conditions and to identify factors associated with effort-reward imbalance among young adults with ASD, MD and those from the general population (GP).
MethodsA qualitative and quantitative study design is being conducted to analyze the rates of employment among young adults with ASD, and to identify factors associated with employment rates (Fondecyt ID11201028.). As part of this study, we conducted a quantitative analysis in young adults 16 to 30 years of age in two regions of Chile between August and October, 2022. Young adults with MD and ASD were compared with adults of similar age recruited from the GP. We applied a questionnaire to collect data on participant’s sociodemographic information, autonomy level and employment status. We applied the short Spanish version of the effort–reward imbalance (ERI) and overcommitment (OC) questionnaire, which has been widely used in Latin American countries.
Chi-square test was used and the Kruskal Wallis H Test was applied to compare among groups. The statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
ResultsOverall, 422 participants were included in the analysis (mean age 22±3.2, 64.2% women, 65.2% students, and 4.4% unemployed). Of the total respondents, 22% of young adults from GP, 17.8% with MD, and 4.8% with ASD were working at the moment of the survey. Regarding autonomy level, a higher proportion of participants with ASD needed support (36.4%), compared with 9.7% and 0.8% of young adults with MD and GP, respectively. Of the population who reported working (n=125), about 56.0% have a permanent job, and 44% a seasonal or occasional job. The median value for the effort–reward ratio was 0.96 (range 0.4–1.8), with no significant differences between the groups. Of those participants working, 44.3% showed an ERI ratio higher than 1, which was higher in participants with ASD (60%). ERI-esteem was significantly different (P=0.01) among ASD (7.0; range 5-8), MD (6.0; range 2-8) and PG (6.0; range 2-8). In the OC questionnaire, young adults with ASD were more likely to think about work (P=0.01) and having trouble sleeping at night due to work issues (P=0.03) than GP and MD groups.
ConclusionsThe ASD group showed higher overcommitment and a considerable proportion of subjects at risk of effort-reward imbalance at work, were more likely to think about work at home, and had trouble sleeping thinking about work. Our preliminary results highlight the importance of considering the working conditions of young adults diagnosed with ASD and the need to provide them with enough support to promote labor inclusion.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Gut permeability and low-grade inflammation in bipolar disorder
- M. Couce, G. Paniagua, L. González-Blanco, A. García-Fernández, C. Martínez-Cao, P. Sáiz, J. Bobes, M. P. García-Portilla
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S385-S386
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Introduction
Systemic inflammation has been increasingly related to bipolar disorder -BD- (Tanaka et al. Neurosci Res 2017;115 59-63). Intestinal bacterial translocation has been postulated as one of the causes of this inflammation (Nguyen et al. J Psychiatr Res 2018;99 50-61). A possible pathway is through the lipopolysaccharide, which is presented to CD14 through lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) leading to a release of systemic inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CPR) (Funda et al. Infect Immun 2001;69 3772-81).
Objectives1) Describe gut permeability in patients with BD through the determination of intestinal inflammatory markers (LBP, sCD14) in plasma; 2) Analyze variables associated with intestinal inflammation.
MethodsCross-sectional study of 38 patients with BD [mean age=45.50 (SD=10.93; range 23-68); males=15 (39.5%)], recruited from mental health outpatient clinics in Oviedo (Spain).
Assessment: Pro-inflammation biomarkers [CRP (mg/dL), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (mm/h), Neutrophil/Lymphocyte, Monocyte/Lymphocyte, Platelet/Lymphocyte and Systemic Immune Inflammation Indexes]. Indirect markers of intestinal bacterial translocation [LBP, soluble CD14 (sCD14)]. Dichotomous variables were created for LBP, considering LBP ≥15 μg/dL as increased gut permeability; and for CPR, considering CRP≥0.3 as systemic inflammation. Metabolic syndrome [ATPIII criteria: glucose, HDL, triglycerides (mg/dl), arterial pressure (mmHg), abdominal circumference (cm)], body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), smoking, cannabis or alcohol use.
Statistical analyses: t-Student test, multiple linear regression analyses.
ResultsAverage LBP was 14.60 μg/dL (SD=6.4) and 15 patients (39.5%) had increased gut permeability. Moreover, average CPR was 0.40 mg/dL (SD=0.58) and 16 patients (47.1%) showed systemic inflammation. There were no patients with increased levels of sCD14.
Associations were found between LBP and CPR (r=0.357; p=0.032), cannabis use in the last month (t=-2.293; p=0.029), BMI (r=0.433; p=0.008) and abdominal obesity (t=3.006; p=0.005); but no with age or sex.
Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model for LBP was calculated with variables previously mentioned, and age (based on expert criteria). The overall regression was statistically significant (R2=0.49, F=9.273, p<0.001). It was found that CPR, abdominal obesity, and cannabis use in the last month significantly predicted LBP levels (table 1).
Table 1. Multiple linear regression analyses to LBP B SE β t p CPR 4.842 1.529 0.439 3.167 0.004 Abdominal obesity 4.810 1.849 0.362 2.601 0.014 Cannabis use -5.048 2.273 -0.296 -2.221 0.034 ConclusionsMore than one third of patients with BD had increased gut permeability. Almost 50% had systemic inflammation. Intestinal permeability was directly related to abdominal obesity and systemic inflammation, but inversely related to cannabis use.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Joint treatment of an acute manic episode and a multiple sclerosis debut: A case study
- M. Fariña Francia, E. Marimon Muñoz, E. Miranda Ruiz, I. Fernandez Marquez, R. G. Troyano, J. Ramirez Gonzalez, S. Ferreiro Gonzalez, C. Hidalgo Vazquez, A. Quispe Sulca, M. I. Arroyo Ucar
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S570-S571
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Introduction
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects 1 in 1000 people. Given the association of MS to many affective disorders and specifically with Bipolar Disorder (BD), it is possible that a manic episode and an acute episode of MS may appear together. In these cases, it is difficult to decide whether it is necessary to start a corticosteroid regimen as treatment for the acute episode of MS, since it may worsen manic symptoms.
ObjectivesThe aim is to carry out a review of the existing information in relation to the comorbidity prevalence of MS and TB as well as the joint treatment of both illnesses, and to expose the details of a clinical case, regarding the treatment that was used in the acute psychiatry unit.
MethodsFirst, a search was done in PubMed database reviewing recent cases of steroid induced psychosis using the words (Multiple Sclerosis) AND (Bipolar Disorder). Subsequently, we describe the case of a 41-year-old patient who was admitted to the acute care unit from the emergency department presenting manic symptoms (megalomania, sensation of increased capacities and ideas of mystical content) associated to episodes of muscle weakness and gait disturbances. A screening Magnetic Resonance was performed in which lesions with inflammatory-demyelinating characteristics were detected, and was therefore catalogued as MS debut.
ResultsAfter carrying out a bibliographical review, we can conclude that studies recommend the inclusion of MS within the differential diagnosis of a first manic episode (1), performing neurological examinations, complete anamnesis and imaging tests, given that there is a high prevalence ratio of the comorbidity (2.95%) (2). It has been described that the use of lithium has a calming and neuroprotective agent that may be useful (3).
ConclusionsWe consider it of interest to describe the therapeutic approach to the case. After the introduction of Aripiprazole and Lithium, a short regimen of methylprednisolone in high doses was administered to treat the MS episode. When the treatment started, the patient presented a progressive improvement of the manic episode and motor symptoms. We observed that corticosteroid therapy did not worsen the manic symptoms or the patient’s evolution in this case. We intend to contribute by providing information on the joint management of these pathologies and we consider that it is necessary to continue studying this matter to be able to manage these cases in the most appropriate way.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The response to unfolded proteins in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
- C. Cachán, I. M. Valle, Y. Potes, A. González Rubio, N. Menéndez Coto, D. López Fanjul, I. Vega Naredo, B. Caballero, P. Saiz, J. Bobes, P. García Portilla, A. Coto Montes
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S636-S637
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Introduction
Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe mental disordes, which have high incidence (Whiteford et al. Lancet 2013; 381 1575-86) and are the main causes of diasibility in young people (WHO 2022; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders).
Psycological stress appears in different mental disorders, and this is directly related to oxidative stress (Moller et al. Chem Biol Interact. 1996; 102 17-36)(Pupic-Bakrac et al. 2020; Psychiatr Danub. 32 412-9). Oxidative stress causes reticulum edoplasmic stress (ER stress) and this produces high levels of misfolded proteins. Defective proteins are degraded by the proteasome, but but when the density of misfolded proteins exceeds the capacity of the proteosome, the Unfolded and Misfolded Protein Response (UPR) is triggered through three main pathways: Inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α); transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α) and protein kinase RNA-Like ER kinase (PERK), trying to recover normal protein synthesis capacity (Bermejo-Millo et al. 2018; Mol Neurobiol. 55 7973-86) (González-Blanco et al. 2022; J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13 919-31).
ObjectivesCharacterizing ER stress and UPR in SCH and BD.
MethodsWe studied ER stress and UPR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 50 patients with SCH and an equal number of patients with BD compared to their corresponding controls in order to achieve our objectives.
Western Blot assay were performed following classical procedure () and the results was normalized to Ponceau as loanding control (Nie et al. 2017; BiochemByophys Resp 12 10-13) (Sander et al. 2019; Anal Biochem 575 44-53). Proteasome activity was assessed using Proteasome Activity Assay Kit (ab107921, Abcam, Cambridge, UK).
ResultsER stress was evaluated with BiP/GRP78. Our results showed significantly increased expression in SCH (p<0,01) and BD (p<0,05), being more increased in SCH. Proteasome activity was increased in SCH and BD, being only statistically significant in SQZ (p<0,05). UPR study showed IRE1a cascade significantly activated in SCH (p<0,001) and only slight increased in BD showed without statistical differences. ATF6a pathway is measured by cleavage to active protein (50-kDa). Results showed higher expression in SCH than in BD and controls (p<0,001). In addition, PERK pathway showed higher statistical levels of p-eIF2a/eiF2a ratio in SCH than in BD and control respectively (p<0,05 and p<0,01).
ConclusionsOur results showed a greater alteration in SCH than in BD at the level of protein synthesis, which implies a greater toxicity at the cellular level and, therefore, a clear risk for the survival of cells in this pathology.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared