Variation between general practices in the rate of consultations for musculoskeletal pain conditions may signal important differences in access to primary care, perceived usefulness, or available alternative sources of care; however, it might also just reflect differences in underlying ‘need’ between practices’ registered populations. In a study of 30 general practices in Staffordshire, we calculated the proportion of adults consulting for a musculoskeletal pain condition, then examined this in relation to selected practice and population characteristics, including the estimated prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal problems and chronic pain in each practices’ registered population. Between September 2021 and July 2022, 18,388 adults were consulted for a musculoskeletal pain condition. After controlling for length of recruitment, time of year, and age-sex structure, the proportion consulting varied up to two-fold between practices but was not strongly associated with the prevalence of self-reported long-term musculoskeletal problems, chronic pain, and high-impact chronic pain.

Vaccines have revolutionised the field of medicine, eradicating and controlling many diseases. Recent pandemic vaccine successes have highlighted the accelerated pace of vaccine development and deployment. Leveraging this momentum, attention has shifted to cancer vaccines and personalised cancer vaccines, aimed at targeting individual tumour-specific abnormalities. The UK, now regarded for its vaccine capabilities, is an ideal nation for pioneering cancer vaccine trials. This article convened experts to share insights and approaches to navigate the challenges of cancer vaccine development with personalised or precision cancer vaccines, as well as fixed vaccines. Emphasising partnership and proactive strategies, this article outlines the ambition to harness national and local system capabilities in the UK; to work in collaboration with potential pharmaceutic partners; and to seize the opportunity to deliver the pace for rapid advances in cancer vaccine technology.

Antarctica is populated by a diverse array of terrestrial fauna that have successfully adapted to its extreme environmental conditions. The origins and diversity of the taxa have been of continuous interest to ecologists since their discovery. Early theory considered contemporary populations as descendants of recent arrivals; however, mounting molecular evidence points to firmly established indigenous taxa far earlier than the Last Glacial Maximum, thus indicating more ancient origins. Here we present insights into Antarctica's terrestrial invertebrates by synthesizing available phylogeographic studies. Molecular dating supports ancient origins for most indigenous taxa, including Acari (up to 100 million years ago; Ma), Collembola (21–11 Ma), Nematoda (~30 Ma), Tardigrada (> 1 Ma) and Chironomidae (> 49 Ma), while Rotifera appear to be more recent colonizers (~130 Ka). Subsequent population bottlenecks and rapid speciation have occurred with limited gene transfer between Continental and Maritime Antarctica, while repeated wind- or water-borne dispersal and colonization of contiguous regions during interglacial periods shaped current distributions. Greater knowledge of Antarctica's fauna will focus conservation efforts to ensure their persistence.

Background: Most individuals with dementia in the UK die in care homes. 70% of these are residential, relying on external healthcare professionals to manage the complex needs. eHealth can help facilitate the delivery of holistic care in care homes, yet adoption has traditionally been faced with resistance. Innovative approaches employing Methods from implementation science are required to promote the uptake of eHealth in care homes.

Aim: To evaluate the feasibility of a theoretically-informed co-designed implementation plan for an eHealth intervention to support holistic assessment and decision making for people with dementia in care homes and their family carers, and to identify opportunities to strengthen it.

Methods: An embedded mixed-Methods study conducted in two residential care homes. Qualitative data comprised non-participant observations of the intervention in use, focus groups and semi-structured interviews with care home staff. Data was analysed using a codebook thematic analysis underpinned by the Normalistion Process Theory. Quantitative data included app usage data and two implementation measures, analysed using descriptive statistics. Patient and public involvement informed development and conduct of the study.

Results: 20 care home staff across two care homes used the intervention with 26 residents. Whilst there was some evidence of adoption, reach within the care home and feasibility of its implementation, usage data indicated that the intervention was largely not utilised as intended. Whilst there was sufficient coherence around the intervention, staff faced barriers related to collective action including workload and incompatibility with practice. Reflexive monitoring was therefore low as individuals could not appraise its impact, which compromised staff cognitive participation. Revisions to the plan related to strategies to provide further staff support, including encouraging family involvement and a more tailored approach to training.

Conclusions: Evaluating feasibility of the implementation plan of the intervention was a vital step in its development. Rapid evaluation and iterative response to barriers to use informed learning and allowed for real- time adjustments to implementation strategies, and a set of updated recommendations for use. Further collaboration on the revised strategies with people living with dementia and their family carers is required.

The angular correlation is a method for measuring the distribution of structure in the Universe, through the statistical properties of the angular distribution of galaxies on the sky. We measure the angular correlation of galaxies from the second data release of the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array eXtended survey (GLEAM-X) survey, a low-frequency radio survey covering declinations below $+30^\circ$. We find an angular distribution consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model assuming the best fitting cosmological parameters from Planck Collaboration et al. (2020, A&A, 641, A6). We fit a bias function to the discrete tracers of the underlying matter distribution, finding a bias that evolves with redshift in either a linear or exponential fashion to be a better fit to the data than a constant bias. We perform a covariance analysis to obtain an estimation of the properties of the errors, by analytic, jackknife, and sample variance means. Our results are consistent with previous studies on the topic, and also the predictions of the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model.

We present the second data release for the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array eXtended (GLEAM-X) survey. This data release is an area of 12 892-deg$^2$ around the South Galactic Pole region covering 20 h40 m$\leq$RA$\leq$6 h40 m, -90$^\circ$$\leq$Dec$\leq$+30$^\circ$. Observations were taken in 2020 using the Phase-II configuration of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) and covering a frequency range of 72–231 MHz with twenty frequency bands. We produce a wideband source finding mosaic over 170–231 MHz with a median root-mean-squared noise of $1.5^{+1.5}_{-0.5}$ mJy beam$^{-1}$. We present a catalogue of 624 866 components, including 562 302 components which are spectrally fit. This catalogue is 98% complete at 50 mJy, and a reliability of 98.7% at a 5 $\sigma$ level, consistent with expectations for this survey. The catalogue is made available via Vizier, and the PASA datastore and accompanying mosaics for this data release are made available via AAO Data Central and SkyView.

The Maser Monitoring Parkes Project (M2P2) is an ongoing project to observe masers towards high-mass star-forming regions (HMSFRs) using the 64 m CSIRO Parkes radio telescope, Murriyang. In this paper, we outline the project and introduce Stokes-I data from the first two years of observations. For the 63 sightlines observed in this project we identify a total of 1 514 individual maser features: 14.4% of these (203) towards 27 sightlines show significant variability. Most of these (160/203) are seen in the main-line transitions of OH at 1665 and 1667 MHz, but this data set also includes a significant number of variable features in the satellite lines at 1 612 and 1 720 MHz (33 and 10, respectively), most of which (24 and 9, respectively) appear to be associated with the HMSFRs. We divide these features into 4 broad categories based on the behaviour of their intensity over time: flares (6%), periodic (11%), long-term trends (33%), and ‘other’ (50%). Variable masers provide a unique laboratory for the modelling of local environmental conditions of HMSFRs, and follow-up publications will delve into this in more detail.

We have documented more than 200 relative values of gold and silver across almost 3000 years (2500 bce–400 ce) to establish value benchmarks for essentially pure metal. Our aim is to improve understanding of ancient economies by enabling regional and temporal comparisons of these relative values. First, we establish silver as an early, reliable benchmark for valuing gold of varying purity before implementation of parting. Whilst purity accounted for two to threefold variation in the value of gold, we conclude that availability was more influential. Access to Nubian gold until about 1100 bce seems an important influence on gold-silver value ratios in Egypt and the Near East, which increased significantly following loss of this source. This investigation yields a suite of relative values for essentially pure gold and silver, subdivided by regions and intervals from 2500 bce–400 ce. These will enable future comparisons of precious metal-denominated costs of labour and commodities, including with today.

We explore Madole & Harden's (2022) suggestion that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)/trait correlations are analogous to randomized experiments and thus can be given a causal interpretation.

The Maser Monitoring Organisation is a collection of researchers exploring the use of time-variable maser emission in the investigation of astrophysical phenomena. The forward directed aspects of research primarily involve using maser emission as a tool to investigate star formation. Simultaneously, these activities have deepened knowledge of maser emission itself in addition to uncovering previously unknown maser transitions. Thus a feedback loop is created where both the knowledge of astrophysical phenomena and the utilised tools of investigation themselves are iteratively sharpened. The project goals are open-ended and constantly evolving, however, the reliance on radio observatory maser monitoring campaigns persists as the fundamental enabler of research activities within the group.

A 20-month-old girl presented with severe dilated cardiomyopathy and decompensated congestive cardiac failure. Despite escalating inotropic and mechanical ventilation support, she required placement on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and transfer to the transplant centre in Newcastle, England. She was placed on biventricular assist device and then Berlin Heart but failed to show any recovery of ventricular function. She underwent orthotopic heart transplantation at 2 years of age. She developed bacterial endocarditis with Enterococcus faecalis resulting in severe aortic valve regurgitation requiring aortic valve replacement with a 19 mm On-X valve (Airtivion) 11 days after her transplant. Given the size of the donor heart, it was possible to implant a 19-mm valve in this 12 kg child with minimal risk of patient prosthesis mismatch. She was anticoagulated with warfarin (On-X valve INR 2-3 for first 3 months; INR 1.5-2.0 thereafter). Although she suffered several other post-operative complications, including malabsorption, nasojejunal feeding, liver dysfunction, vertebral fractures, renal impairment and renal calcification, and need for repeat opening of her tracheostomy site following her initial decannulation, her aortic valve function has remained stable.