This research article describes an investigation into the udder health, bacterial isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity of three staphylococcal species isolated from the milk of non-dairy goats, suckling their kids, on two smallholder farms in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Udder lesions were visually noted in 21 of 34 goats and two goats had palpable abnormalities. Collected milk samples grew a total of 11 bacterial organisms and the most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus chromogenes. Selected isolates of S. aureus, caprae and simulans from both farms were tested by antimicrobial sensitivity testing for 23 antimicrobials and all isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to doxycycline and tetracycline. Less common resistance was shown to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, penicillin and rifampicin. This preliminary study confirms the presence of udder lesions and mastitis bacteria in non-dairy goats in Hong Kong, along with the first information on the antimicrobial profile of three common Staphylococcus species bacteria affecting goats.

This article aims to explore the ethical issues arising from attempts to diversify genomic data and include individuals from underserved groups in studies exploring the relationship between genomics and health. We employed a qualitative synthesis design, combining data from three sources: 1) a rapid review of empirical articles published between 2000 and 2022 with a primary or secondary focus on diversifying genomic data, or the inclusion of underserved groups and ethical issues arising from this, 2) an expert workshop and 3) a narrative review. Using these three sources we found that ethical issues are interconnected across structural factors and research practices. Structural issues include failing to engage with the politics of knowledge production, existing inequities, and their effects on how harms and benefits of genomics are distributed. Issues related to research practices include a lack of reflexivity, exploitative dynamics and the failure to prioritise meaningful co-production. Ethical issues arise from both the structure and the practice of research, which can inhibit researcher and participant opportunities to diversify data in an ethical way. Diverse data are not ethical in and of themselves, and without being attentive to the social, historical and political contexts that shape the lives of potential participants, endeavours to diversify genomic data run the risk of worsening existing inequities. Efforts to construct more representative genomic datasets need to develop ethical approaches that are situated within wider attempts to make the enterprise of genomics more equitable.

The actions of Dr. Isabel Grant in creating the Highland Folk Museum in Scotland in the 1930s reflect how pleasure interacted with gendered identities to form modern feminine selves in the mid-twentieth century. In examining the subjectivity of Grant and her associates through material, textual, and visual sources from the museum, I interrogate both emotional and representational aspects of her development of living history. I suggest that, along with a sense of care and duty in such museums, women such as Grant were attracted by the opportunities of imaginative play and that they formed identities that were not reducible to either traditional or modern women's roles; instead, they were drawn to a form of historical engagement that allowed them to work outside such labels, sometimes as eccentrics. Their play was more serious and nonironic than were many other forms of interwar modern culture, and living history initiatives since then have built on this modern-but-not-modern appeal.

Transition care programmes (TCP) provide older adults with goal-oriented rehabilitation after hospitalisation. However, limited research has focused on understanding older adults' experiences when undertaking TCP. Using a phenomenological approach, we explored the lived experience of older adults undertaking a TCP at a transition care facility in Australia. A purposive sample (N = 33 participants: 16 older adults, four family members and 13 staff) was recruited. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken at three time-points during admission and inductive thematic analysis was utilised. Older adults reflected on their TCP experiences through an emotional lens through which they deliberated, ‘is my destination home?’ Fear of losing independence and uncertainty about their discharge destination strongly influenced older adults' perspectives regarding their TCP experience. Emotional responses, both positive and negative, were influenced by expectations prior to admission, level of family support and staff behaviour. Staff and family concurred that many older adults were confused about their admission to the facility and initially were unprepared to engage in the rehabilitation provided. Older adults experienced TCP as a time of great uncertainty and feared the unknown when discharged from hospital to transition care. They expressed grief at the loss of existing life roles and anxiety about the possibility of being unable to return home. Health professionals need to inform and tailor rehabilitation for older adults to better support this transient time of life.

Due to continuing pressures on the UK National Health Service’s mental health services, there has been increased interest in the development of brief psychological interventions (BPIs). These interventions are usually defined as including selected components of established psychological interventions, delivered over fewer sessions, and by staff with less specialised training (paraprofessionals). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based BPIs for anxiety and depression have been found to be helpful for clients with mild to moderate mental health problems. This project evaluates the introduction of BPIs for anxiety and depression in a secondary care adult mental health service, with clients experiencing moderate to severe mental health difficulties. The service developed CBT-based manuals for anxiety (anxiety management) and depression (behavioural activation) BPIs. The BPIs were delivered by mental health workers without core therapeutic training, who were offered training and group supervision by psychologists in the team. Measures of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), wellbeing (SWEMWBS) and functioning (WSAS) were completed at the start and end of treatment. The data reported from a 2-year period suggest that BPIs are associated with reductions in symptoms of anxiety and low mood, and improvements in wellbeing and functioning. Whilst this is a small-scale initial evaluation, the results are promising for the potential benefit of BPIs for clients in secondary care settings. Given that this new way of working has possible additional benefits such as improving access to psychological treatment and cost-effectiveness, further research in the area is warranted and encouraged.

Communication deviance (CD) reflects features of the content or manner of a person's speech that may confuse the listener and inhibit the establishment of a shared focus of attention. The construct was developed in the context of the study of familial risks for psychosis based on hypotheses regarding its effects during childhood. It is not known whether parental CD is associated with nonverbal parental behaviors that may be important in early development. This study explored the association between CD in a cohort of mothers (n = 287) at 32 weeks gestation and maternal sensitivity with infants at 29 weeks in a standard play procedure. Maternal CD predicted lower overall maternal sensitivity (B = –.385; p < .001), and the effect was somewhat greater for sensitivity to infant distress (B = –.514; p < .001) than for sensitivity to nondistress (B = –.311; p < .01). After controlling for maternal age, IQ and depression, and for socioeconomic deprivation, the associations with overall sensitivity and sensitivity to distress remained significant. The findings provide new pointers to intergenerational transmission of vulnerability involving processes implicated in both verbal and nonverbal parental behaviors.

From 1884 until the Franco-British Exhibition in 1908, international and national exhibitions had a fad for including reconstructed historic urban streets in their attractions. This article investigates the meaning of such forms of urban heritage in the light of modernizing cities. It shows that ideas about historical authenticity were complex, and traces this to the ways in which staff and employees, and also the big crowds at the displays, co-produced this meaning. It suggests that visitors particularly constructed meaning through haptic and emotional encounters with the past, providing evidence of the development of new memory practices for modernity.

Reducing risk of a cardiovascular event involves adopting healthier lifestyles. Community-based active lifestyle schemes offer support, but problems with uptake, completion and evaluation are common. We report the engagement and experiences of older adults referred to a scheme in England. Data transcribed from a focus group or individual interviews were analysed using thematic framework analysis. Participants reported an increased awareness of health difficulties with age, and described attendance-related psychological benefits, including an increased sense of responsibility for change and having had negative beliefs about age, health and change challenged. Some physical benefits (including reduced weight and blood pressure) were also reported. Those who attended most consistently were more likely to report caring responsibilities and describe positive social and relational outcomes, but were not more likely to report marked physical benefits. We recommend several changes to ensure that schemes meet their objectives and the needs of those referred. Age-related, health and lifestyle beliefs do not prohibit change but influence attendance and so should be addressed. Outcomes should be publicised, and structured, fixed-term programmes, incorporating relapse-prevention strategies, should be delivered to a closed group at flexible times. Active follow-up of non-attenders and improved data collection are also recommended. These should reduce the risk of schemes providing social support at the expense of intended health benefits.

Associations between low birth weight and prenatal anxiety and later psychopathology may arise from programming effects likely to be adaptive under some, but not other, environmental exposures and modified by sex differences. If physiological reactivity, which also confers vulnerability or resilience in an environment-dependent manner, is associated with birth weight and prenatal anxiety, it will be a candidate to mediate the links with psychopathology. From a general population sample of 1,233 first-time mothers recruited at 20 weeks gestation, a sample of 316 stratified by adversity was assessed at 32 weeks and when their infants were aged 29 weeks (N = 271). Prenatal anxiety was assessed by self-report, birth weight from medical records, and vagal reactivity from respiratory sinus arrhythmia during four nonstressful and one stressful (still-face) procedure. Lower birth weight for gestational age predicted higher vagal reactivity only in girls (interaction term, p = .016), and prenatal maternal anxiety predicted lower vagal reactivity only in boys (interaction term, p = .014). These findings are consistent with sex differences in fetal programming, whereby prenatal risks are associated with increased stress reactivity in females but decreased reactivity in males, with distinctive advantages and penalties for each sex.

Aim: To examine the perspectives of patients identified as being at ‘high risk’ of cardiovascular events, with particular reference to the potential responses to risk messages. Background: Systematic population screening for cardiovascular disease (CVD) aims to identify those at high risk and provide medication and lifestyle support. In the United Kingdom, this takes the form of the National Health Service Health Check. Methods: We conducted a qualitative interview study. In 2011 we interviewed 37 patients, from seven UK primary care practices, who were at high risk of developing CVD. Findings: Risk messages were delivered via face-to-face consultations or by letter and were relayed in either a ‘downplaying’ or ‘serious warning’ style. Patients’ accounts of receiving information about risk revealed two broad response styles: ‘committed’ (active resistance; commitment to change) and ‘non-committed’ (procrastination; downplaying and fatalism). Responses to risk messages are usually assumed to be due to individual characteristics but they may be explained by an interaction between the way risk is communicated and the patient’s response style.

The new generation of aerial photographers is using different wavelengths to sense archaeological features. This is effective but can be expensive. Here the authors use data already collected for environmental management purposes, and evaluate it for archaeological prospection on pasture. They explore the visibility of features in different seasons and their sensitivity to different wavelengths, using principal components analysis to seek out the best combinations. It turns out that this grassland gave up its secrets most readily in January, when nothing much was growing, and overall the method increased the number of known sites by a good margin. This study is of the greatest importance for developing the effective survey of the world's landscape, a quarter of which is under grass.