Designing accessible and inclusive buildings is essential if they are to provide enjoyable and inspiring experiences for all their occupants. Research revealed that many architectural design professionals perceive a lack of awareness of the aspects to consider when designing to be a limiting factor in the uptake of Inclusive Design. By involving expert stakeholders this study provides evidence for the demand to create an Inclusive Design Canvas, a strategic design template offering an educational springboard for building industry professionals to embed Inclusive Design in the design process.

In an increasingly interconnected world, changes of uncertain nature and impact affect the functioning of human societies that depend on health, ecological, and economic systems. The proposed framework for systems-of-systems resilience explains ways of accommodating and responding to these challenges while encompassing the interfaces of the health, environment, and economy domains and their effect on communities. Resilience is defined as a continuous process and we distinguish between four system properties, five resilience capacities, and a variety of system activities.

Healthcare systems are under strain, this creates a challenge for designers to develop solutions for better health and care delivery. This paper presents a sandbox of illustrative design themes used to improve health systems based on state of the art research projects. These were collated from presentations at The Second International Meeting on Healthcare Systems Design Research, held at DTU-Technical University of Denmark. Attending groups were mapped based on their research keywords, target journals and methodologies in order to gain insight on the communities research landscape.

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned large radio interferometer designed to operate over a wide range of frequencies, and with an order of magnitude greater sensitivity and survey speed than any current radio telescope. The SKA will address many important topics in astronomy, ranging from planet formation to distant galaxies. However, in this work, we consider the perspective of the SKA as a facility for studying physics. We review four areas in which the SKA is expected to make major contributions to our understanding of fundamental physics: cosmic dawn and reionisation; gravity and gravitational radiation; cosmology and dark energy; and dark matter and astroparticle physics. These discussions demonstrate that the SKA will be a spectacular physics machine, which will provide many new breakthroughs and novel insights on matter, energy, and spacetime.

A consensus of expert opinion was used to provide both face and consensual validity to a list of potential indicators of sheep welfare. This approach was used as a first step in the identification of valid welfare indicators for sheep. The consensus methodology of the National Institute of Health, using pre-meeting consultation and focus group discussions, was used to ascertain the consensus opinion of a panel of sheep welfare experts. The Farm Animal Welfare Council's five freedoms were used as a framework to organise a list of current on-farm welfare issues for sheep. The five freedoms were also the welfare criterion used to identify potential on-farm welfare indicators for sheep. As a result, experts identified 193 welfare issues for sheep and lambs managed on farms across England and Wales. Subsequently, a combination of animal- (n = 26), resource- (n = 13) and management- (n = 22) based indicators was suggested for (i) adult rams, (ii) adult ewes (male and female sheep, over 1 year old), (iii) growing lambs (male and female sheep, over 6 weeks to 1 year old) and (iv) young lambs (male and female lambs, 6 weeks old and under). The results from this study could therefore be used to inform the further development of valid methods of assessing the on-farm welfare of sheep.

This paper presents three different methods of estimating the number and age distribution of individuals susceptible to pertussis in England and Wales. The first approach is an extrapolation from data in the prevaccine era, the second is based upon theoretical consideration of the transmission dynamics of pertussis, and the third is a detailed cohort analysis of available notification and vaccination data. Each of these analyses suggests that the total number of people susceptible to pertussis infection in England and Wales has remained at 3–4 million for the past 40 years, despite the increase and changes in numbers vaccinated. The effect of vaccination has been to reduce the incidence of infection and disease, but not to reduce the number of susceptibles. These findings, which are consistent with ‘mass action theory’, could be tested by an appropriately designed seroepidemiological survey.

The epidemiology of hydatid disease in man in England and Wales, based on the data collected between 1981 and 1983 at the Hydatid Reference Laboratory of the Public Health Laboratory Service, is presented. The incidence of hydatid disease was 42 cases per annum, with 2 cases per million population occurring in Wales and 0·2 per million in England. The highest prevalence was in London amongst the immigrant population. The incidence in the indigenous population was 15·5 cases per annum, with 5·6 cases per million occurring in South Powys, parts of South Wales and Herefordshire. The population most at risk is the rural, farming community in that area, but the West Midlands is also an apparent focus of the disease.

The efficacy of measles and pertussis vaccines was investigated using several different procedures based upon data routinely available at Local Health Authority level in England and Wales. It is demonstrated that such estimates can be derived by methods which can be carried out simply and routinely by local health department staff. Several theoretical and practical difficulties in the procedures are discussed. It is recommended that Health Authorities consider monitoring by a routine procedure based on crude case-control analysis of recorded vaccination status of notified cases compared with that of the population in the Child Health computer file, or of matched controls drawn from Child Health Registers. A simple protocol for such studies is provided.

From 1996 to 2004, the incidence of Salmonella Javiana infections increased in FoodNet, the U.S. national active foodborne disease surveillance programme. Contact with amphibians and consumption of tomatoes have been associated with outbreaks of S. Javiana infection. To generate and test hypotheses about risk factors associated with sporadic S. Javiana infections, we interviewed patients with laboratory-confirmed S. Javiana infection identified in Georgia and Tennessee during August–October 2004. We collected data on food and water consumption, animal contact, and environmental exposure from cases. Responses were compared with population-based survey exposure data. Seventy-two of 117 identified S. Javiana case-patients were interviewed. Consumption of well water [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·6–11·2] and reptile or amphibian contact (aOR 2·6, 95% CI 0·9–7·1) were associated with infection. Consumption of tomatoes (aOR 0·5, 95% CI 0·3–0·9) and poultry (aOR 0·5, 95% CI 0·2–1·0) were protective. Our study suggests that environmental factors are associated with S. Javiana infections in Georgia and Tennessee.

A species of Trichuris is described from domestic cats in the Bahama Islands, and identified as T. campanula. Previous descriptions of the two species of Trichuris in the domestic cat are summarised, and it is concluded that both are valid species.

The life cycle and pathogenicity of a strain of Eimeria isolated in Great Britain from turkey poults by single cell inoculation are described and, using the criteria laid down by Tyzzer, the species is identified as E. adenoeides.

The life cycle is of the same general pattern as in other Eimeria species, consisting of two asexual and one sexual generations.

The organism is highly pathogenic for young poults, a dose of 200,000 oocysts producing 100 % mortality in 3-week-old birds and smaller doses causing reduced weight gain. Birds 11 weeks old resisted a dose of 3 million oocysts.

The gross and microscopic pathology of the infection is described. No changes were found in the blood picture.

The life cycle and pathogenicity are described of a pure strain of Eimeria isolated from turkey poults in Great Britain and identified as E. meleagrimitis.

There were three schizogony cycles followed by a sexual generation.

The coccidium produced a high mortality and loss of weight in young poults.

An age resistance developed by the time the poults were 8–10 weeks of age.

The pathology of the infection is described.

A description is given of the life history and pathogenicity of a species of Eimeria, derived from a single oocyst infection in a coccidia-free bird, and subsequently identified as E. meleagridis.

There are two asexual generations followed by the sexual generation. The first schizogony cycle occurs in the small intestine and the second and sexual generations are restricted to the caeca.

The organism is not pathogenic but the sexual stages produce marked caseous lesions in the caeca. It is immunologically distinct from a pure strain of E. adenoeides and cannot be transmitted to chickens.

The immune status of a group of sheep naturally infected with hydatid cysts was investigated. Low specific anti-hydatid antibody (Sab) titres and negative results in intradermal and leucocyte migration tests occurred in hosts with high hydatid antigen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation(LT). Total(non-specific) IgG was elevated in infected sheep and was positively correlated with LT. Circulating hydatid antigen (cAg) was detectable in some infected sheep, but not in all of those with low Sab. Relationships between eAg, Sab and immune complex levels suggest that most eAg is present in immune complexes.