Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit smaller regional brain volumes in commonly reported regions including the amygdala and hippocampus, regions associated with fear and memory processing. In the current study, we have conducted a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) meta-analysis using whole-brain statistical maps with neuroimaging data from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group.

T1-weighted structural neuroimaging scans from 36 cohorts (PTSD n = 1309; controls n = 2198) were processed using a standardized VBM pipeline (ENIGMA-VBM tool). We meta-analyzed the resulting statistical maps for voxel-wise differences in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes between PTSD patients and controls, performed subgroup analyses considering the trauma exposure of the controls, and examined associations between regional brain volumes and clinical variables including PTSD (CAPS-4/5, PCL-5) and depression severity (BDI-II, PHQ-9).

PTSD patients exhibited smaller GM volumes across the frontal and temporal lobes, and cerebellum, with the most significant effect in the left cerebellum (Hedges’ g = 0.22, pcorrected = .001), and smaller cerebellar WM volume (peak Hedges’ g = 0.14, pcorrected = .008). We observed similar regional differences when comparing patients to trauma-exposed controls, suggesting these structural abnormalities may be specific to PTSD. Regression analyses revealed PTSD severity was negatively associated with GM volumes within the cerebellum (pcorrected = .003), while depression severity was negatively associated with GM volumes within the cerebellum and superior frontal gyrus in patients (pcorrected = .001).

PTSD patients exhibited widespread, regional differences in brain volumes where greater regional deficits appeared to reflect more severe symptoms. Our findings add to the growing literature implicating the cerebellum in PTSD psychopathology.

Anxiety is one of the most common Mental Health diagnosis in underage population. We decided to study if there was any variable that would lead us to a specific treatment indication using the MASC (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children).

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders and comorbidities in an underage population.

Possible association between MASC questionnaire scores and the indication for pharmacological and/or psychological treatment.

This is a descriptive, observational, retrospective, quantitative study with data from patients between June 2016 and 2023. Inclusion criteria: 3-18 year-old-spanish-speakers who met criteria for a ICD-11 disorder. Exclusion criteria: absence of legal representatives, intellectual disability. Variables: Age, sex, psychiatric family history, ICD-11 diagnosis, treatment indication and MASC’s subscales (physical symptoms, harm avoidance, social anxiety and separation anxiety). Statistical analyzes were performed with STATA-15 program, using as independent variables MASC questionnaire, and dependent ones the indication treatment and diagnosis.

The sample contains 1024 patients, with a mean age of 12 (SD 4.028). Table 1 shows that the most frequent diagnosis is ADHD, with combined presentation with a prevalence of 22.27%, followed by Anxiety Disorders, without differentiating by subtypes (17.93%). It also shows that Defiant and Oppositional Disorder is the most prevalent comorbidity (9.66%) followed by Anxiety Disorder not specified (4.99%). Table 2 stands that there are significantly higher scores in all MASC subscales in those patients who do have prior psychiatry family history. We founf in Table 3 statistically significant differences were found between the score on the Physical Symptoms subscale based on whether the patient was undergoing previous treatment, both pharmacological (8.45 vs. 7.59) and psychological treatment (9.01 vs. 7.95) compared to those who were not (pharmacological 7.36 vs. 7.06), psychological (7.21 vs. 6.92). All these data have been adjusted.

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Anxiety disorders are the most common form of Mental Disorder in young people, with a global prevalence of 6.5% (Rapee et al.2023). However, in our sample the most common one is ADHD as our center is specialized in it. We found that the most prevalent one was Oppositional Defiant Disorder, as it is the most frequent comorbidity of ADHD (Vallejo-Valdivielso et al,2019; Faraone et al,2021). The increase of one point in the Physical Anxiety subscale increases the probability of indicating pharmacological treatment, which could be explained because of how functional limitation these symptoms cause. The increase in all the subscales of the MASC implies an increase in the probability of an indication for psychological treatment as it is the gold-standard treatment for anxiety in children.

None Declared

As part of the intervention, patients with severe schizophrenia who are cared for in psychiatric rehabilitation units need psychological treatments. However, there is great variability within the psychotherapy alternatives that are proposed for rehabilitation in schizophrenia, and it is necessary to know which are the most efficient interventions in order to prioritize their inclusion in intervention programs.

To know the level of evidence of the existing psychotherapy alternatives for the rehabilitation treatment in schizophrenia through the systematic review of recently published studies.

Consecutive systematic searches in the scientific literature were used in a sensitive and specific way, aimed at identifying the existence of documents in databases and clinical practice guidelines based on evidence of psychological treatment in schizophrenia. Psychosocial and social approaches and family members interventions were excluded, and the search was limited to the last 5 years. The PICO format has been used, and a subsequent critical reading using the AGREE II tool, considering the inclusion criteria of presenting a score >60% in 4 domains.

The following interventions have been found to be therapeutically effective: Level 1B (Early intervention in Psychosis; Patient and Family psychoeducational intervention; Basic ando social skills training; Social cognition and Metakognition training; Cognitive Remediation; Cognitive Behavioral Individual Therapy; Assertive Community treatment; Supported employment). Level 2B (Family Problem Solving Therapy, Dynamic Psychotherapy; Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy); Level 2C (Horticultural, Art, Music, Animals Therapies).

Several psychotherapy alternatives are proposed for rehabilitation in schizophrenia, with known level of evidenca in order to prioritize their inclusion in intervention programs.

None Declared

Anxiety is one of the most common Mental Health diagnosis in underage population. We decided to study if there was any variable that would lead us to a specific diagnosis, using the MASC questionnaire (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children).

1. Describe the prevalence of the different anxiety disorders and the differences in its prevalence according to sex. 2. Examine possible differences and associtions between MASC questionnaire scores and a specific anxiety diagnosis.

This is a descriptive, observational, retrospective, quantitative study with data from patients between June 2016 and 2023. Inclusion criteria: 3-18 year-old-spanish-speakers who met criteria for a ICD-11 disorder. Exclusion criteria: absence of legal representatives, intellectual disability. Variables: sex, ICD-11 diagnosis, MASC’s subscales (Physical Symptoms, Harm Avoidance, Social Anxiety and Separation Anxiety) and CGI. Statistical analyzes were performed with STATA-15 program, using as independent variables MASC questionnaire and dependent one Anxiety Diagnosis.

The sample contains 1024 patients. Figure 1 shows the distribution of Anxiety Disorders: Unspecified Anxiety Disorder (47%), Separation Anxiety Disorder (23%), Simple Phobias (9%) and Social Anxiety Disorder (7%). Figure 2 represents the distribution by sex, with the differences being statistically significant (p<0.05) for all anxiety disorders, meaning that girls have higher prevalence of all anxiety disorders. Figure 3 shows how age correlates significantly and directly with all the subscales, meaning the older the patients are the higher the scores. We also found that boys have lower scores and a lower percentage of alteration in all subscales. CGI scale also correlates positively with all the subscales, specially with Physical Symptoms. All these data have been adjusted.

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Anxiety disorders are the most common form of Mental Disorder in young people (lobal prevalence of 6.5%, Rapee et al.2023). Prevalence for specific Anxiety Disorders in underage population are less reliable, because of the unequal age of samples (Rapee et al.2023). Separation Anxiety disorder is the most prevalent among children (La Maison et al., 2018), while Social Anxiety disorder is among adolescents (Lawrence et al.2015). We did not categorized our sample, being Separation Anxiety disorder the most frequent followed by Social Anxiety. We observed a correlation between some subscales and a specific diagnosis: the risk of presenting a Social Anxiety disorder is multiplied by 1.08 for each point of increase in that subscale and the risk of presenting a Separation Anxiety disorder is multiplied by 1.05 for each increase of 1 point in Separation Anxiety subscale. However, the diagnosis of Simple Phobia decreases with the increase in scores in all subscales, maybe due to the fact that there are not many items that specifically evaluate fears.

None Declared

Unipolar depression is a growing global Public Health challenge. During last years, life factors such as diet, have been identified as a target for the development of adjunctive treatment that could reduce the rates of depression. The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is one of the most studied dietary factors that has been inversely associated with depression (Rahe et al. Eur J Nutr. 2014;53:997–1013). The PREDIDEP study is an ongoing secondary prevention trial aimed at assessing the effect of a MD enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on depression recurrence (Sánchez-Villegas et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Feb 11;19(1):63).

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a remote Mediterranean diet–based nutritional intervention in the context of a trial of depression.

The PREDIDEP study is a 2-year multicenter, randomized, single-blinded trial designed to analyse the effect of the MD enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the prevention of depression recurrence. The inervention group received phone contacts with dietist and had access to web-based information, and the control group had usual care for depressed patients. The 14-item MD Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were collected by dietitians at baseline and at 1-year and 2-year of follow-up. We used mixed effects linear models to assess changes in nutritional variables according to the group of intervention. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03081065.

We observed that participants in the MD group increased their adherence to MD (between-group difference: 2.50; 95% CI 1.88-3.12; p<0.001) after one and two years (between-group difference: 2.57; 95% CI 1.93-3.22; p<0.001) of intervention compared with control group.

We found that this multifaceted remote nutritional intervention is a useful tool kit to maintain the quality of the diet according to the goals of the MD among patients at risk of depression.

None Declared

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia Autism Severity Scale (PAUSS) scale can be derived from the Positive and Negative Schizophrenia Syndrome Scale, enabling an assessment of psychotic and autistic dimensions with a single tool.

The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of autistic traits and the diagnostic, developmental, clinical, and functional correlates of this phenotype in a sample of early-onset psychosis (onset before age 18 years; EOP).

Prospective observational 2 year- follow-up study in a sample of young people with a first-episode of EOP. Demographic, perinatal, developmental, cognitive, clinical, and functional data were collected. PAUSS total scores and socio-communication and repetitive behaviors subscores were calculated. We used the proposed cut-off points for adult populations to define prevalence of autistic traits (PAUSS≥30). Subgroups of patients with and without autistic traits were identified based on the total PAUSS terciles. We used the Cronbach’s alpha test to assess the PAUSS internal consistency. Linear mixed models were performed to compare changes in PAUSS during follow-up between diagnostic subgroups [i.e., non-affective psychosis (including schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder), affective psychosis (including bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and major depressive disorder with psychotic features), and other psychosis (including brief psychotic disorder and psychosis not otherwise specified)]. Developmental, clinical, and functional variables were compared between subgroups with and without autistic traits with logistic regression analysis.

248 patients with PIT were included (age 15.69 ± 1.86 years, 38.65% female). The prevalence of autistic traits in EOP was 7.04%, with significantly higher prevalence in the group of patients with non-affective psychosis (15.20%) than in other diagnostic groups. PAUSS scores significantly decreased over time, with no significant differences in the trajectories of the total PAUSS and its subscores among the three diagnostic subgroups during the 2-year follow-up. The PAUSS showed good internal consistency at all visits (Cronbach’s alpha > 0,88). Patients with autistic traits presented longer duration of untreated psychosis, longer duration of the first inpatient admission, poorer social adjustment in childhood, poorer functionality, greater clinical severity, and poorer response to treatment during follow-up than patients without autistic traits.

The PAUSS is an easy-to-apply tool that can be useful to differentiate psychosis subgroups with worse prognosis.

J. Suárez Campayo: None Declared, L. Pina-Camacho: None Declared, J. Merchán-Naranjo: None Declared, C. Ordas: None Declared, V. Cavone: None Declared, R. Panadero: None Declared, G. Sugranyes: None Declared, I. Baeza: None Declared, J. Castro-Fornieles: None Declared, E. de la Serna: None Declared, C. Arango Consultant of: Acadia, Angelini, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Minerva, Otsuka, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda, C. Diaz Caneja Grant / Research support from: Exeltis and Angelini

Psychosomatic symptoms are an important problem that is frequently presented in medical consultations. These symptoms are often associated with psychiatric disorders, especially depressive and anxiety disorders.

To study the association between anxiety disorders and psychosomatic symptoms in a sample of patients referred for pathology of functional origin.

We made a descriptive retrospective study through the use of electronic medical records. The symptom onset and diagnosis were obtained for all patients referred to outpatients for psychosomatic symptoms during a 1-year period. We performed χ² Tests to assess the association of the diagnosis with the occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms.

The only diagnosis that presented statistically significant association was anxiety disorder (χ² = 11.1; p<0.001).

Our study finds results that follow the line of other studies that show this association, such as Campo’s study which finds that functional somatic symptoms are consistently associated cross-sectionally with anxiety and depressive symptoms (Campo, 2012) or Imran’s study which finds that higher levels of somatization independently and significantly predicted higher anxiety (β=.37, p=.0001) (Imran et al., 2013). However, our results show no association with depressive disorders whereas frequent associations are found in the literature; for example, a recent meta-analysis found that neuroticism and depression had the strongest influence on the association of medically unexplained physical symptoms and frequent healthcare use (den Boeft et al., 2016). This lack of association is probably due to greater ease in identifying depressive disorders as the main pathology versus anxiety disorders.

Campo J. V. (2012). Annual research review: functional somatic symptoms and associated anxiety and depression--developmental psychopathology in pediatric practice. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 53(5), 575–592. den Boeft, M., Twisk, J. W., Terluin, B., Penninx, B. W., van Marwijk, H. W., Numans, M. E., van der Wouden, J. C., & van der Horst, H. E. (2016). The association between medically unexplained physical symptoms and health care use over two years and the influence of depressive and anxiety disorders and personality traits: a longitudinal study. BMC health services research, 16, 100

Imran, N., Ani, C., Mahmood, Z., Hassan, K. A., & Bhatti, M. R. (2014). Anxiety and depression predicted by medically unexplained symptoms in Pakistani children: a case-control study. Journal of psychosomatic research, 76(2), 105–112.

None Declared