We hypothesized that the incubation for urethral gonorrhoea would be longer for men with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea than those without oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. We conducted a chart review of men who have sex with men with urethral gonorrhoea symptoms at a sexual health clinic between 2019 and 2021. The incubation period was defined as the number of days between men’s last sexual contact and onset of symptoms. We used a Mann–Whitney U test to compare differences in the median incubation for urethral gonorrhoea between men with and men without oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. There were 338 men with urethral symptoms (median age = 32 years; IQR: 28–39), and of these, 307 (90.1%) were tested for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea, of whom 124 (40.4%, 95% CI: 34.9–46.1) men had oropharyngeal and urethral gonorrhoea. We analyzed incubation data available for 190 (61.9%) of the 307 men, with 38.9% (74/190) testing positive for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. The incubation for urethral gonorrhoea did not differ between 74 men (39%) with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea (median = 4 days; IQR: 2–6) and 116 men (61%) without oropharyngeal gonorrhoea (median = 2.5 days; IQR: 1–5) (p = 0.092). Research is needed to investigate gonorrhoea transmission from the oropharynx to the urethra.

Ductal stenting has transformed the care of neonates with ductal-dependent critical CHD, especially in low-income countries. In small infants, a 3.5- or 4-mm stent may lead to too much pulmonary blood flow resulting in pulmonary oedema. We herein presented a novel technique to restrict ductal stent flow in a premature neonate with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum following radiofrequency perforation of the pulmonary valve.

A new technique utilizing Raman microscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microsacopy is described. This technique uses thin films of oriented clay aggregates on glass slides suitable also for X-ray diffraction (XRD). Raman microscopy proved the most useful technique providing both better resolution of the OH-stretching bands and greater spectral resolution. Kaolinites from Washington County, Georgia, with varying defect structures involving layer stacking were intercalated with formamide and additional Raman bands were observed at 3610 and 3627 cm−1. A concomitant decrease in the inner-surface OH band intensities at 3695 and 3685 cm−1 occurred. These bands are attributed to the inner-surface OH hydrogen bonded to the formamide molecule through the C=O group. The 3627 cm−1 band is sharp with a half width of 7.5 cm−1 and comprises 11% of the total normalized band area. When two additional OH bands are observed at 3610 and 3627 cm−1 two C=O bands at 1674 and 1658 cm−1 are observed also. The two additional Raman inner-surface OH bands were not observed in the IR spectra. However, a band of low intensity was observed at 3590 cm−1. Models for the intercalation of formamide in kaolinites are proposed.

Background: Currently, there are no standardized approaches to care or evaluation for tone dysfunction in Canada. The study authors hypothesize that there is significant practice variation across the country. This environmental scan is aimed to describe the current practice for management of patients with hypertonia across Canada. Methods: A web-based survey was developed by the authors with a multi-disciplinary approach and sent to representative rehabilitation sites in each province. All statistical analyses were performed using the R statistical software version 4.0. Results: CP was found to be the most common diagnosis for tone dysfunction, with 58% (7/12) of sites diagnosing greater than 20 new patients per year. All 12 sites offered oral baclofen and gabapentin, and 92% of sites offered trihexyphenidyl. Botulinum toxin injections were offered at 50% of sites. Upper and lower extremity procedures were offered in 83% of the sites. In 8 of 12 sites (67%), patients were seen within a formal multidisciplinary clinic to manage hypertonia. Conclusions: The information gained from this study provides some insight into the current practice across Canada for children with hypertonia. This study may assist in the development of a national, standardized strategy to tone management, potentially facilitating more equitable access to care for patients.

Maternal mortality rates in the USA remain high, with persistent racial and socioeconomic disparities. We identified 207,016 hospital admissions for pregnant women in Maryland, from 2017 to 2019. Logistic regression was used to identity factors associated with maternal death. The health outcome for black women was more prone to give rise to maternal mortality than for white women. Our study revealed numerous racial and age discrepancies in gestational health outcomes, which opioid use disorder exacerbated. Our findings elaborate on the importance of identifying the drivers of adverse pregnancy outcomes, to help inform policy, and resource allocations.

We present an overview of the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey, a Large Program on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. MAGPI is designed to study the physical drivers of galaxy transformation at a lookback time of 3–4 Gyr, during which the dynamical, morphological, and chemical properties of galaxies are predicted to evolve significantly. The survey uses new medium-deep adaptive optics aided Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of fields selected from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey, providing a wealth of publicly available ancillary multi-wavelength data. With these data, MAGPI will map the kinematic and chemical properties of stars and ionised gas for a sample of 60 massive (${>}7 \times 10^{10} {\mathrm{M}}_\odot$) central galaxies at $0.25 < z <0.35$ in a representative range of environments (isolated, groups and clusters). The spatial resolution delivered by MUSE with Ground Layer Adaptive Optics ($0.6-0.8$ arcsec FWHM) will facilitate a direct comparison with Integral Field Spectroscopy surveys of the nearby Universe, such as SAMI and MaNGA, and at higher redshifts using adaptive optics, for example, SINS. In addition to the primary (central) galaxy sample, MAGPI will deliver resolved and unresolved spectra for as many as 150 satellite galaxies at $0.25 < z <0.35$, as well as hundreds of emission-line sources at $z < 6$. This paper outlines the science goals, survey design, and observing strategy of MAGPI. We also present a first look at the MAGPI data, and the theoretical framework to which MAGPI data will be compared using the current generation of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations including EAGLE, Magneticum, HORIZON-AGN, and Illustris-TNG. Our results show that cosmological hydrodynamical simulations make discrepant predictions in the spatially resolved properties of galaxies at $z\approx 0.3$. MAGPI observations will place new constraints and allow for tangible improvements in galaxy formation theory.

The paper describes an ongoing effort in developing a declarative system for supporting operators in the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) control room. The focus is on two modules: diagnosis and explanation of events that happened in NPPs. We describe an Answer Set Programming (ASP) representation of an NPP, which consists of declarations of state variables, components, their connections, and rules encoding the plant behavior. We then show how the ASP program can be used to explain the series of events that occurred in the Three Mile Island, Unit 2 (TMI-2) NPP accident, the most severe accident in the USA nuclear power plant operating history. We also describe an explanation module aimed at addressing answers to questions such as “why an event occurs?” or “what should be done?” given the collected data.

A slope r is called a left orderable slope of a knot $K \subset S^3$ if the 3-manifold obtained by r-surgery along K has left orderable fundamental group. Consider double twist knots $C(2m, \pm 2n)$ and $C(2m+1, -2n)$ in the Conway notation, where $m \ge 1$ and $n \ge 2$ are integers. By using continuous families of hyperbolic ${\mathrm {SL}}_2(\mathbb {R})$-representations of knot groups, it was shown in [8, 16] that any slope in $(-4n, 4m)$ (resp. $ [0, \max \{4m, 4n\})$) is a left orderable slope of $C(2m, 2n)$ (resp. $C(2m, - 2n)$) and in [6] that any slope in $(-4n,0]$ is a left orderable slope of $C(2m+1,-2n)$. However, the proofs of these results are incomplete, since the continuity of the families of representations was not proved. In this paper, we complete these proofs, and, moreover, we show that any slope in $(-4n, 4m)$ is a left orderable slope of $C(2m+1,-2n)$ detected by hyperbolic ${\mathrm {SL}}_2(\mathbb {R})$-representations of the knot group.

Suicides are prone to misclassification during death-ascertainment procedures. This problem has generated frequent criticism of the validity of suicide mortality statistics. The study aim was to employ an external measure of the validity of cause-of-death statistics, national autopsy rates, to examine potential misclassification of suicide across 35 countries. Data for the time period 1979–2007, were employed to analyze the association between suicide rates and autopsy rates and death rates of undetermined and ill-defined causes, respectively. Autopsy rates among nations were associated with suicide rates. These respective associations were robust with adjustment for unemployment, degree of urbanization, and the rate of undetermined or ill-defined deaths. Associations strengthened when analyses were confined to 19 EU member countries. Based on these results, we conclude that autopsy rates may impact the validity of suicide mortality statistics. Therefore, caution should be exercised in comparing international suicide rates and evaluating interventions that target suicide rate reduction.

Le syndrome de Capras (ou illusion des sosies) est un trouble de l’identification des personnes caractérisé par la conviction délirante qu’une (ou plusieurs) personne(s) proche(s) du sujet ont été remplacées par des doubles (physiquement identiques) qui le persécutent. Il s’agit du plus fréquent des délires d’identification des personnes. Le cas princeps décrit une patiente souffrant de psychose hallucinatoire chronique. La littérature montre que ce « curieux petit syndrome » est le plus souvent associé à une schizophrénie ou à une démence. Pour certains auteurs [1], il serait d’une non reconnaissance affective d’un visage physiquement reconnu.

BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) can be used for discriminating children and adolescents at risk of CVD. However, consensus on how to use these anthropometric indicators is lacking for children and adolescents in Asia. Discrete criteria are promoted internationally, but continuous variables could be used. Data from a survey of 10 949 Vietnamese school-aged children (6–18 years) were used to evaluate the performance of anthropometric indicators to identify elevated blood pressure (BP), dyslipidaemia or at least three cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Weight, height, WC and BP were measured using standardised protocols; 1009 participants who had blood lipids were analysed. AUC was used to assess the performance, and the Youden index to identify optimal cut-offs. The prevalence of elevated BP, dyslipidaemia and CVRF was 26·5, 49·3 and 12·2 %, respectively. BMI, WC and WHtR had low capacity to identify elevated BP and dyslipidaemia (AUC range 0·61–0·66) but moderate capacity to identify CVRF (0·72–0·74). Optimal BMIZ cut-offs to identify elevated BP, dyslipidaemia and CVRF were 0·40, 1·01 and 1·1 sd; for WC z-score, they were 0·06, 0·49 and 0·62 sd; for WHtR, optimal cut-offs were close to 0·5. A BMIZ cut-off of 1·0 sd and a WHtR cut-off of 0·5 would, therefore, be useful criteria to identify Vietnamese children who are likely to have CVRF. However, further validation of these criteria in other studies of Asian children and adolescents is needed.

Gac is a dioecious tropical and perennial climber. The fruit is a rich source of carotenoids and is used in traditional cuisine and medicine. Improving propagation methods using simple techniques would increase production and improve conservation in regional areas. This study evaluated temperature requirements for seed germination, the use of rooting hormones to strike female cuttings and the grafting of female scions onto seedling rootstock. Seed germination was optimised between 25 and 35 °C, with a maximum germination percentage of 91% at 30 °C. However, increasing storage time from 6 to 18 months under laboratory conditions (21 ± 1°C and 60% relative humidity) reduced germination and this was associated with seed weight loss, highlighting the need to develop storage guidelines, particularly for the higher temperature and humidity conditions where Gac is grown. Survival of softwood cuttings was improved from 53 to 77% with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (3–5 g/L) and semi-hardwood cuttings did not require IBA treatment. Both splice and wedge grafting techniques achieved a survival rate > 53% and with the youngest rootstock (4 and 8 weeks) this increased to > 85%. Further work could investigate the production potential of crops using cuttings and grafted plants.