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To tailor an existing Person-Centred Integrated Care (PC-IC) approach to the needs of patients with low socioeconomic status (LSES) and chronic conditions in primary care.
Background:
While Disease Management Programs (DMPs) have been introduced to reduce the burden of chronic diseases, their effectiveness for patients with LSES remains uncertain due to insufficient attention to the individual context. A PC-IC approach may enhance patient outcomes by addressing patients’ cultural backgrounds, values, and health literacy needs, because these factors are particularly relevant for patients with LSES.
Method:
A qualitative study was conducted using three co-creation sessions with patients with LSES and chronic conditions, along with general practitioners and practice nurses, to adapt, develop, and test specific elements of the PC-IC approach. Participatory learning and action (PLA) techniques incorporating visual materials were employed to ensure meaningful engagement and input by all participants, including those with limited reading and language skills. Following these sessions, we conducted a validation check by patients on the draft materials.
Findings:
In the co-creation sessions, an existing PC-IC approach was tailored to the needs of LSES patients with chronic conditions in primary care. The adapted PC-IC approach emphasized key elements as trust, being seen as a person in the social context, shared decision-making, and access to clear and easily understandable information. Existing materials needed to be adapted, resulting in a visual conversation tool. This tool covers the physical, social, and mental health domains as well as daily life, each domain with six to eight topics. It helps to get better insight into the patient’s daily life, wishes, and possibilities. It maps medical and psychosocial issues and supports the patient in gaining a better understanding. The adapted PC-IC approach with the conversation tool is being presented in a training for primary care professionals.
The emergence of large language models (LLMs) provides an opportunity for AI to operate as a co-ideation partner during the creative processes. However, designers currently lack a comprehensive methodology for engaging in co-ideation with LLMs, and there is a limited framework that describes the process of co-ideation between a designer and ChatGPT. This research thus aimed to explore how LLMs can act as codesigners and influence creative ideation processes of industrial designers and whether the ideation performance of a designer could be improved by employing the proposed framework for co-ideation with custom GPT. A survey was first conducted to detect how LLMs influenced the creative ideation processes of industrial designers and to understand the problems that designers face when using ChatGPT to ideate. Then, a framework which based on mapping content to guide the co-ideation between humans and custom GPT (named as Co-Ideator) was promoted. Finally, a design case study followed by a survey and an interview was conducted to evaluate the ideation performance of the custom GPT and framework compared with traditional ideation methods. Also, the effect of custom GPT on co-ideation was compared with a non-artificial intelligence (AI)-used condition. The findings indicated that if users employed co-ideation with custom GPT, the novelty and quality of ideation outperformed by using traditional ideation.
Within the broad context of design research, joint attention within co-creation represents a critical component, linking cognitive actors through dynamic interactions. This study introduces a novel approach employing deep learning algorithms to objectively quantify joint attention, offering a significant advancement over traditional subjective methods. We developed an optimized deep learning algorithm, YOLO-TP, to identify participants’ engagement in design workshops accurately. Our research methodology involved video recording of design workshops and subsequent analysis using the YOLO-TP algorithm to track and measure joint attention instances. Key findings demonstrate that the algorithm effectively quantifies joint attention with high reliability and correlates well with known measures of intersubjectivity and co-creation effectiveness. This approach not only provides a more objective measure of joint attention but also allows for the real-time analysis of collaborative interactions. The implications of this study are profound, suggesting that the integration of automated human activity recognition in co-creation can significantly enhance the understanding and facilitation of collaborative design processes, potentially leading to more effective design outcomes.
Data for Policy (dataforpolicy.org), a global community, focuses on policy–data interactions by exploring how data can be used for policy in an ethical, responsible, and efficient manner. Within its journal, six focus areas, including Data for Policy Area 1: Digital & Data-driven Transformations in Governance, were established to delineate the evolving research landscape from the Data for Policy Conference series. This review addresses the absence of a formal conceptualization of digital and data-driven transformations in governance within this focus area. The paper achieves this by providing a working definition, mapping current research trends, and proposing a future research agenda centered on three core transformations: (1) public participation and collective intelligence; (2) relationships and organizations; and (3) open data and government. The paper outlines research questions and connects these transformations to related areas such as artificial intelligence (AI), sustainable smart cities, digital divide, data governance, co-production, and service quality. This contribution forms the foundational development of a research agenda for academics and practitioners engaged in or impacted by digital and data-driven transformations in policy and governance.
The concept of a socially sustainable society is linked to the notion of equal access to high-quality welfare services and an equitable distribution of common resources. The rationale behind the introduction of private actors to provide welfare services is that greater choice will result in higher quality of service for individuals, achieved through a co-creation process. The purpose of this study is to examine the processes through which value is co-created when elderly are admitted to retirement homes. The study answers the following questions: (1) how do individual expectations differ between the applicants? and (2) how do the employees take the applicants’ expectations into account when allocating the resources available? This study, conducted between november and december 2014, combines surveys with elderly who apply for a retirement home and interviews with employees at the municipality. Our study show that co-creation is related to intangible aspects, pragmatic alignment in resource integration, and conflicts between interests.
Digital technology facilitates remote access to archaeological collections and offers an accessible platform for knowledge sharing and innovative storytelling. Here, the authors present a newly developed online museum resource co-curated by archaeologists and the descendant community in Quinhagak, Alaska.
The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the centrality of children and young people in the learning process and identify educational approaches that emphasise the importance of ‘learner voice’. Opening avenues for consultation, participation and collaboration with learners in the design of curriculum, pedagogy and assessment can be significant in enhancing their engagement, achievement and wellbeing. That is, attention to the humanistic, agentic and cognitive attributes of learners, understanding their culture and lifeworlds, empowering learners to exercise agency and valuing their knowledge and skills contributes to the co-creation of meaningful learning experiences (Morrison et al., 2019; Price et al., 2020).
This article explores the shift in mental health recovery from mere symptom management to a holistic approach via the CHIME framework. It delves into the author’s experience, beginning with the loss of his father, a war veteran with mental health struggles, at 16, thrusting him into the role of primary caregiver for his mother, who also battled mental health issues and eventually took her own life. These events spotlight the shortcomings of traditional mental health care and the urgent need for empathetic, multifaceted services. Advocating for co-creation in mental health services, the article outlines a transition towards a system that integrates recovery principles through stages from co-ideation to co-evaluation, emphasising holistic, person-centred care. It calls for a reimagined mental healthcare system that respects individual journeys and is rooted in co-creation, signalling a critical move towards systemic change.
This chapter provides critical insights in the important role urban citizens play in urban nature and nature-based solutions. More specifically, it focuses on how citizens and communities interact with and value nature in cities, what resources they offer and need for this interaction, with what associated costs and benefits, and under what conditions. It starts with a discussion of the three key forms of justice (procedural, recognitional, and distributional) that are addressed by and constitute reasons for enhanced citizen participation. Building on this discussion, the chapter then outlines different forms of participation that have been applied in the design and implementation of nature-based solutions. Challenges and obstacles are discussed before concluding with suggestions for how to tackle them. The chapter presents and seeks to inspire different novel approaches of engagement and their associated benefits, which can range from local community empowerment, creation of greater senses of ownership, enhancement of urban citizenship and belonging, and decreasing social exclusion. The chapter engages with two case studies to illustrate its key messages: urban gardens in Leipzig, Germany, and Roerplein pocket park in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Microplastics are ubiquitous in our environment but their presence in air is less well understood. Homes are likely a key source of airborne microplastics and microfibres to the environment owing to the frequent use and storage of plastics and textiles within them. Studying their presence, concentration and distribution in these environments is difficult without the participation of citizens due to accessibility challenges. Few studies have examined the intricacies of the prevalence of indoor microplastics and microfibres or the link between indoor exposure and behavioural and regulatory approaches that could reduce their concentrations. The application of a quintuple innovation helix framework, within which a co-creative citizen science research methodology is applied, provides an opportunity for citizens to shape the scientific method, ensuring that methods are accessible and appropriate for widespread use and designed by the citizen, for the citizen. Exploring behaviours and motivations in plastic and textile use by citizens with industry may reduce the generation of these particles. Future studies should consider the importance of citizen inclusion when designing research strategies for measuring and reducing microplastic concentrations in homes, enabling a nuanced understanding of their generation and distribution and facilitating the development of appropriate behavioural, industrial and regulatory messaging and mitigative measures.
In Bipolar Disorder (BD), people report a lower quality of life and lower levels of well-being than the general population. Additionally, patients with bipolar disorder have unmet needs which are closely linked to elements of positive psychology.
Objectives
The current study aimed to gain insight from patients with BD and care professionals about their thoughts of online Positive Psychology Interventions (PPI) to develop an app containing PPI’s for people with BD.
Methods
The study is conducted in accordance with the CeHRes roadmap principles. Data were collected by focus groups, questionnaires, rapid prototyping and online feedback from the participants. Three focus groups meetings (FGM) were held with consumers (8) and professionals (5).
Results
The FGM reveals a need for positive psychology interventions to cover some of the unmet needs that can be applied in an app in addition to the guidelines-advised treatment. Patients and professionals expect that PPIs in the current treatment in BD can meet some of the needs that are currently still unmet, specifically offering hope, increasing self-esteem, expressing feelings, acceptation and preventing social isolation. The process of contextual inquiry and value specification is helpful to guide this process.
Conclusions
The consensus on the different topics about the use of positive psychology intervention shows that both consumers and professionals underline the importance of applying PPI’s in BD. The use during subsyndrome and mild depressive episodes seem the most beneficial periods for patients with BD. A more extended study has to be conducted to confirm if these findings are more generalizable
In recent years, an important goal of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has been to answer the question of how international collaboration and student mobility can be enhanced through digitalisation. The following chapter consists of a combination of desk research with insights from the work of the DAAD’s Digitalisation Section. It will provide both an overview of current trends and debates of the digitalisation of higher education as well as critical considerations for the future. The chapter will contribute to the debate on new dynamics of internationalisation of higher education through digitalisation before and during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. It will shed light on the flexibility of higher education systems in adapting to unexpected change. Furthermore, it will reflect on the likely impacts of the current crisis for the further development of higher education internationalisation with its opportunities, challenges and open questions.
Recent years have seen the rise of citizens as contributors to hardware product creation. This trend has increased attention to open source hardware (OSH): a phenomenon that extends the intellectual property management and development practices in open source software (OSS) into the design of physical objects. OSH projects are different from OSS projects due to product type, and distinct from traditional closed source new product development (NPD) ones due to their openness. These differences challenge the degree of applicability of existing project success definitions in the OSH context. To investigate project success in OSH, we conducted a qualitative survey with practitioners. We report characteristics of successful OSH projects through three identified themes: (a) value creation – the big-picture impact, (b) quality of output – the quality of the hardware and accompanying documentation and (c) project process – activities that contribute to success. We contextualise by comparing OSH with selected literature on the success of OSS and NPD project management. While our study confirms a similarity between OSS and OSH in defining project success, it also highlights themes that are uniquely important to the latter. These findings are helpful for OSH development practice and could provide lessons for OSS development and closed source NPD.
The capture and analysis of diverse data is widely recognized as being vital to the design of new products and services across the digital economy. We focus on its use to inspire the co-design of visitor experiences in museums as a distinctive case that reveals opportunities and challenges for the use of personal data. We present a portfolio of data-inspired visiting experiences that emerged from a 3-year Research Through Design process. These include the overlay of virtual models on physical exhibits, a smartphone app for creating personalized tours as gifts, visualizations of emotional responses to exhibits, and the data-driven use of ideation cards. We reflect across our portfolio to articulate the diverse ways in which data can inspire design through the use of ambiguity, visualization, and inter-personalization; how data inspire co-design through the process of co-ideation, co-creation, and co-interpretation; and how its use must negotiate the challenges of privacy, ownership, and transparency. By adopting a human perspective on data, we are able to chart out the complex and rich information that can inform design activities and contribute to datasets that can drive creativity support systems.
Coventry University has made a strategic commitment to address the dimension of ‘race’ in its learning and teaching. Central to this is the establishment of a cross-institution curriculum change initiative called ‘Curriculum 2025’. The case study shared here details how we are approaching this task and some early reflections. Two things are explained: first, the provision of resources for staff who want to learn more about possible actions to take; second, our approach to working alongside course teams on new materials, often designed as reusable learning objects. An example of such a learning object is discussed which uses Wikipedia to enable students from diverse backgrounds to examine critically academic texts, books and other resources to understand how their learning may be skewed in favour of Western-originated thought and to identify alternative perspectives. The student activity also provides a co-creation opportunity, in that students are discovering the curriculum for themselves.
Driven by the ageing process taking place in the Basque Autonomous Region (BAR), the ‘Age-Friendly Cities and Communities’ (AFCC) initiative has become a major political reference for the development of ageing policies in the territory. This article addresses this subject by means of a qualitative study that analyses how the three main capital cities in the region are implementing age-friendly strategies, with a focus on co-creation and co-production processes. The article examines the challenges they are currently facing in the development of the aforementioned participatory processes. Our research suggests that political involvement, even if necessary, is meaningless if the strategy is not embedded in the work of influential stakeholders. Moreover, the success of communities in becoming more age friendly will, to a large extent, depend on whether older people, including those facing social exclusion, become involved as key actors in future research and policies around age-friendly developments.
This chapter examines the outcomes and limitations of co-creation. Promotors of co-creation are sometimes satisfied with having stimulated civic voluntarism and created processes that are gratifying for the participants, but it is also paramount to consider the collective impact of co-creation on societal problems and challenges. A systematic literature review reveals that while the drivers and dynamics of co-creation have been the subject of numerous studies, the outcomes of co-creation have received scant attention. To compensate for this neglect, this chapter aims to explain what kinds of outcomes co-creation may produce. Since co-creation is intrinsically linked to value production, we discuss the outcomes of co-creation in terms of public value outcomes. This discussion is balanced against a consideration of some of the obvious problems and limitations associated with collaborative processes of co-creation.
The chapter provides an initial definition of co-creation and explains why co-creation is a new and powerful vision. It proceeds to reflect on the current demands and possibilities for co-creation and then identifies the main enablers, before concluding with brief discussion of the wider perspectives and consequences of a turn to co-creation.
To explore adolescents’ views about the foods they consume and to identify their ideas about strategies to encourage healthier eating habits.
Design:
Individual questionnaires based on open-ended questions and group discussions (6–8 participants) were used to address the objectives. Data were analysed using content analysis based on deductive-inductive coding.
Setting:
Montevideo and its metropolitan area (Uruguay, Latin America).
Participants:
Totally, 102 adolescents (aged between 11 and 15 years, 52 % female) recruited at two educational institutions.
Results:
Adolescents reported frequently consuming ultra-processed products and fast food although they were perceived as bad for their health, whereas they reported an infrequent consumption of fruits and vegetables. Multifaceted strategies to promote healthy eating habits emerged from adolescents’ accounts, including public awareness campaigns, nutrition education programmes, nutrition label standards and regulations, and changes in food availability and affordability.
Conclusions:
Results from the present work suggest that co-creation with adolescents may be an effective way to inform the development of strategies to promote healthier eating habits. The strategies suggested by adolescents were mainly focused on behaviour change communication, who emphasised the importance of social media and the involvement of celebrities and influencers. The need for educational and communication strategies to raise awareness of the social and environmental drivers of eating patterns among adolescents was identified.
Welfare conditionality, and the underlying understanding of unemployment because of lack of motivation, has been widely criticized. This article analyses if and how more co-created services can be a pathway to address some of these challenges. As Denmark currently is moving towards a softening of welfare conditionality for the vulnerable unemployed, and local authorities try to develop models ‘in between’ welfare conditionality and genuine user involvement, this constitute a good case for analysing this question. The analysis build on comprehensive ethnographic data from a four-year research- and innovation project in six Danish municipalities. The employment services in the project have tried to design new strategies involving clients in the development and implementation of services. Among other things, this includes developing integrated services, qualifying the meeting and the talk between front-line workers and clients, engaging the employer side and NGO’s outside the public services and promoting other measures to ensure real involvement of the citizens in the processes. The analysis lists some of the potentials and pitfalls in these innovative processes and reflects upon the feasibility of such new type of co-created services.