To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
This chapter presents a case study of the post-intensive care syndrome that highlights some of the syndrome’s defining features: the breadth of disability across physical, cognitive, and psychiatric domains; the duration of disability despite appropriate rehabilitative interventions; the varying degrees of disability over time with the potential for recrudescence, particularly with additional episodes of acute illness; and the social ramifications of the syndrome. This case report also demonstrates the holistic approach taken in ICU follow-up clinics and many of the interventions that such a clinic can provide.
This chapter examines the evolution of concert programming practices among nineteenth-century musicians, focusing on Robert and Clara Schumanns’ approaches within changing cultural, financial, aesthetic, geographical, and technological contexts. Drawing on concert programmes, personal correspondence, and historical reviews, the chapter identifies shifts from genre-spanning miscellany programmes to more homogeneous recitals emphasizing what would become the classical canon and standardized repertoires. Clara is shown to have used programming strategically to promote her husband’s music and her own artistic identity, while Robert’s programming reflected both his aspirations, as well as his vulnerabilities and limited practical skills. These practices had significant implications for gender roles, artistic autonomy, and the dissemination of music during the period. Overall, the Schumanns’ practices underscore how concert programming shaped musical reception and professional identity, highlighting its enduring influence on modern concert management and programming strategies.
The authors discuss haunting aspects resulting from a request for ethics consultation to support surrogate decision-maker authorization of long-acting reversible contraception in an individual with disabilities. The authors highlight the ethical tension between procreative freedom and equitable access to contraception, particularly noting ableism underlying each side of the argument. Bringing in prior case law, the authors favor a least-restrictive approach to contraception to best preserve the individual’s reproductive rights.
The narrative of the chapter explores haunting aspects of a patient’s inability to participate in capacity assessment due to communication challenges and generalized weakness. Through relying on prior wishes and historical context provided by the surrogate decision-maker, the ethical analysis presented by the authors demonstrates expressed concern with the surrogate decision-maker’s request for long-acting reversible contraception. As the consultation progresses to the patient’s assent to an informal arrangement of supported decision-making, each author shares their professional reflections on issues including equity, diversity and inclusion with a keen focus on ableism in the care of individuals with disabilities. While it may be legally permissible as well as ethically supportable to permit for surrogate decision-maker authorization of long-acting reversible contraception through supported decision-making, the authors grapple with whether the decision honored the patient’s values.
We develop a representation theory of categories as a means to explore characteristic structures in algebra. Characteristic structures play a critical role in isomorphism testing of groups and algebras, and their construction and description often rely on specific knowledge of the parent object and its automorphisms. In many cases, questions of reproducibility and comparison arise. Here we present a categorical framework that addresses these questions. We prove that every characteristic structure is the image of a functor equipped with a natural transformation. This shifts the local description in the parent object to a global one in the ambient category. Through constructions in representation theory, such as tensor products, we can combine characteristic structure across multiple categories. Our results are constructive and stated in the language of a constructive type theory which facilitates their implementation in proof checkers.
In rejecting allegory, Martin Luther rejected far more than a verbal technique of biblical interpretation. He rejected a conception of the nature of revelation and the modes by which God communicated with humankind. He rejected William Durand’s sense of the interreferentiality of Scripture and Creation. Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, Andreas Bodenstein von Karlstadt, Martin Bucer, Uly Anders, and Claus Hottinger all rejected an understanding of revelation as mediated through the made world. In so doing, they also rejected Durand’s sense of the made world mediating time. And in doing that, they reconceived just what worship was and what it did.
This chapter discusses several of the issues which have been contentious in recent scholarship: patriarchal authority in the family; the transacting of daughters between fathers and husbands; romantic love and companionate marriage; sexual propriety; and sexual repression. It looks at women in different family and relationship roles: as daughters, as women in love, as wives, mothers, widows and spinsters. If sexual morality is a matter of debate, so to a lesser extent is romantic 'love', whatever that may be. Both some 'unsex'd' and some 'proper' females have doubts about love. Wollstonecraft in her Vindication of the Rights of Woman is determined to drive a wedge between love and the friendship of a companionate marriage, giving a clear preference to the latter. Motherhood can be a very sturdy and reliable pedestal for women to stand on. Women writers can call upon it to assert and defend their own worth.
The dynamics of information diffusion on social media platforms vary significantly between individual communities and the broader population. This study explores and compares the differences between community-based interventions and population-wide approaches in adjusting the spread of information. We first examine the temporal dynamics of social media groups, assessing their behavior through metrics such as time-dependent posts and retweets. Using functional data analysis, we investigate Twitter activities related to incidents such as the Skripal/Novichok case. We present three ways to quantify disparities between communities and uncover the strategies used by each group to promote specific narratives. We then compare the impact of targeted, community-based interventions with that of broader, population-wide responses in shaping the diffusion of information. Through this analysis, we identify key differences in how communities engage with and amplify information, revealing distinct patterns in the diffusion process. Our findings provide a comparative framework for understanding the relative consequences of different intervention strategies, offering insights into how targeted and broad approaches influence public discourse across social media platforms.
This chapter surveys contemporary responses to the Schumanns across a variety of artistic media: music, dance, theatre, visual arts, and literature. It argues that while these can be opportunities for reflecting historical affinities and differences, artists typically reflect the myths surrounding these musicians, rather than engaging with current research. While Robert Schumann has become a cipher for mental illness, his relationship with Clara Schumann née Wieck, and the couple’s relationship with Johannes Brahms, have also attracted a great deal of attention. Responses to the Schumanns have also reflected broader trends in artistic practice, including the theatricalization of concert music, the mash-up, and ‘composed reception’ (musical responses to stylistic aspects of their works). The Schumanns both represent the past but also provide artists with opportunities for imaginative time travel, to reassess and in some ways reinvent their present.
What explains China’s decision to sign an alliance treaty with North Korea in 1961? The treaty was redundant to deter the United States and South Korea because China had credibly established its resolve and capability to defend North Korea after the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950. The treaty even increased the risk of China’s entrapment in a Korean conflict. This article develops a triangular theory of alliance formation to show that China’s signing of the treaty was intended to drive a wedge between North Korea and the Soviet Union, not to deter South Korea and the United States. China was thus willing to incur more risk to neutralize North Korea from a pro-Soviet position. This article tests the theory by process tracing events in the China–North Korea–Soviet Union triangle from 1948 to 1961 with a plausibility probe of the China–North Vietnam–Soviet Union triangle from 1954 to 1965. The article concludes with implications for the contemporary China–North Korea–Russia bloc and the study of alliance politics in the Asian context.
There is little written about ethics consultation in a post-acute environment. Applying ethics consultation expectations from the acute care world would be a disservice to the healthcare continuum and those that support the homecare environment. This chapter aims to expose the challenges that face those caring for patients as guests in their home, in order to open a much-needed dialogue and opportunity for bidirectional learning that ensures these voices are represented. A home-based hospice team requests an ethics consult for a patient that they deem is "unsafe" for the staff to continue to care for. Staff distress arose in a recent joint visit with nursing and social work when there were persons who were described as being aggressive. This case consult went sideways very quickly. The leadership for the team caring for the patient came with a preconceived notion of the outcome and verbalized feeling untrusted by the ethics committee. Similarly, the ethics committee was divided on the case and committee members verbalized “giving up” when a consensus could not be reached. Members of the ethics committee reflect on the various haunting aspects - both individually and collectively - and the need to balance patient rights and staff safety in a post-acute environment. This case brought about significant organizational changes in ethics consultation, which are shared with the reader.
In Brome and Heywood's play The Late Lancashire Witches (1634), Whetstone says that illegitimacy 'is growne a great kindred in the Kingdome'. His comment carries extra resonance in the light of such complaints. Chastity could only be achieved through active consent so the child born to a married woman and carrying the paternal family's name could never be proven to be entitled to that name. This gap in male control was the cause of widespread unease in Renaissance England. The discussion of illegitimacy in published writings or on the stage was more problematic to the authorities. A play presenting the bastard as naturally inferior to the legitimate world could be very useful in reinforcing the official position. Bastard characters, both villainous and virtuous, reveal a complex response to the challenge of illegitimacy. In Renaissance drama, the bastard is an amazing crossroads for social and dramatic influences, conservative and radical.
This chapter examines four common immediate causes of wrongful convictions as confirmed by recent data from registries. They are mistaken eyewitness identification, incentivized and lying witnesses, false confessions and faulty forensics. Commonly used remedies designed to prevent these immediate causes are examined from a legal process perspective, which stresses the different remedies that can be implemented by courts, legislatures and through executive measures. The latter includes reforms that police and forensic science providers can take themselves to decrease the risk of causing wrongful convictions. The most effective strategies often involve all three branches of government. At the same time, many jurisdictions are reluctant to adopt optimal reform measures because of concerns about preventing the use of evidence that is frequently used to achieve convictions. For example, the use of jailhouse informants has not been banned despite their frequent role in wrongful convictions. This insight suggests that reforms to prevent wrongful conviction cannot ignore their perceived or likely impact on conviction rates.
The second part of this book opens with a title page (Figure 21). In itself, a title page marks one of the many changes that lie between William Durand’s Rationale and the sixteenth century. It belongs to book markets: something that a passer-by might see in a printer’s shop and decide to purchase. Durand’s Rationale was first a manuscript; it, too, came to be printed – in 1459 – one of the earliest medieval works to be printed using moveable type. Print, as we shall see, is also very much a part of our story.