Objectives: Management of outbreaks of the newly emerging pathogen Candida auris may include use of antimicrobial wash-mitts for decolonization. In the absence of large-scale clinical trials, the immediate assessment of the efficacy claims for these products can be based on in vitro experimental data that follows the standard protocols established by CEN (European committee for Standardization). In this study, the chemical tolerance of C. auris was compared with the surrogate test organism Candida albicans as established in the European standards (EN). Methods: The study was conducted following the protocol for the quantitative suspension test EN 13624 using C. albicans ATCC 10231 in comparison to C. auris DSMZ 21092 and C. auris DSMZ 105986. Two commercially available wash-mitts containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) or octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) were used. Experiments were conducted using the impregnation liquid squeezed from the wash-mitts at different dilution concentrations between 0.5% to 97% at a contact time of 30 sec in the presence of 0.03% bovine serum. Results: Yeasticidal efficacy according to EN 13624 was found for the OCT wash-mitts at 30 sec at ≥ 10% concentration with C. albicans (≥ 4 log RF). In comparison, for both C. auris strains ≥ 4 log RF was found at a much lower concentration of ≥ 1%. For the CHG wash-mitts efficacy against C. albicans was below 2 log RF at 97% concentration within 30 sec. In contrast efficacy against the two C. auris strains was around 3 log RF. Conclusion: In conclusion, both C. auris strains were found to be significantly more susceptible when compared to C. albicans in this study. Moreover, our data also demonstrates that not all antiseptic-impregnated body wipes is equally effective against C. auris with OCT having a higher efficacy compared to CHG.

Introduction: Purulent pericarditis is defined as an infection in the pericardial space that produces macroscopically or microscopically purulent fluid. It was a rare but life-threatening condition. It may be primary or secondary to another infectious process. The diagnosis can only be confirmed by pericardiocentesis. Treatment must include drainage of the pericardial space combined with systemic antibiotics. This case report focuses on a critical and rare clinical scenario of purulent massive pericardial effusion in an 85- year-old male patient. This condition, characterized by an infectious or inflammatory accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity, presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly in the context of multiple comorbidities. Case Description: The patient’s presentation, complicated by pneumonia, diabetes mellitus (DM), and heart failure, underscores the complexities in diagnosing and managing elderly patients with diverse medical backgrounds. The diagnosis of massive pericardial effusion was confirmed through echocardiography, which revealed the purulent fluid from pericardiocentesis procedure, a finding critical for guiding the diagnostic and management strategy. The source of infection wasn’t clear in patient with immunocompromised condition. Some examination performed to find the source of infection that led to a subdiaphragmatic suppurative focus. Infection management was good, but the patient ended with a constrictive that make his condition worse. The patient passed away on the 10th day of hospitalization. Conclusion: It is importance to recognize and promptly address purulent massive pericardial effusion in elderly patients with complex medical histories. The successful clinical outcome following the pericardiocentesis and the adaptive antimicrobial treatment approach provides valuable insights into the management of this severe condition.

Introduction: According to the recommendation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the bacteria count of airborne microbe must be under 1500 cfu/ m3. And as we know, the environment is the key factor of the airborne microbe. Traditional, we used air-conditioning to let the air circulate, but this method may be useful in other environments but is not suitable in hospitals. So, there were many new technologies to improve the quality of airborne microbe, just as UVC, plasma, and filtration. In this study, we used the UVC LED to examine the quality of airborne microbes in our meeting room of the emergency room. Material and method: We used the impaction method to collect the air for 10 minutes then gathered 1000L air to impact the Tryptone Soy Agar. After collection, we incubated at 37oC for 48 hours the check the bacteria count. So, we used this method to test the quality of airborne microbe before and after adding the UVC-LED (NKFG, Taiwan) to our air conditioner vent in the meeting room of the emergency room. Result: Before adding the UVC-LED, the average bacteria count in difference time was from 361 to 443, and after adding the UVC-LED, the average bacteria count in difference time was from 214 to 300, and the percentage of reducing count was from 24% to 40%. Conclusion: Due to this study, we though the UVC-LED could improve the quality of the airborne microbe. Otherwise, this technology would not use too much space because of the limitations of the environment.

In our digital world, reusing data to inform: decisions, advance science, and improve people’s lives should be easier than ever. However, the reuse of data remains limited, complex, and challenging. Some of this complexity requires rethinking consent and public participation processes about it. First, to ensure the legitimacy of uses, including normative aspects like agency and data sovereignty. Second, to enhance data quality and mitigate risks, especially since data are proxies that can misrepresent realities or be oblivious to the original context or use purpose. Third, because data, both as a good and infrastructure, are the building blocks of both technologies and knowledge of public interest that can help societies work towards the well-being of their people and the environment. Using the case study of the European Health Data Space, we propose a multidimensional, polytopic framework with multiple intersections to democratising decision-making and improving the way in which meaningful participation and consent processes are conducted at various levels and from the point of view of institutions, regulations, and practices.

This paper advocates for a pragmatist view on quantum theory, offering a response to David Wallace’s recent criticisms of Richard Healey’s quantum pragmatism. In particular, I challenge Wallace’s general claim that quantum pragmatists—and anti-representationalists more broadly—lack the resources to make sense of the novel ‘quantum’ language used throughout modern physics in applications of quantum theory. I conclude by posing a challenge to quantum representationalists.

Introduction: The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers must be addressed, especially for procedures that generate aerosols. A standard N95, FFP2 or FFP3 particulate respirator mask is strongly recommended. WHO suggests using a particulate respirator for a maximum of six hours to avoid increasing oxygen debt, fatigue, CO2 levels, and nasal resistance. Methods: This study was observational, using a cross-sectional method conducted from February to April 2022. Participants were healthcare workers (HCWs), including doctors, nurses, and other HCWs who worked in ward of Mawar 1 Isolation Rooms. As screening, the participants underwent a Quantitative Fit Test with PortaCount® Respirator Fit Tester 8038, using particulate masks such as 3M 1870, 3M Vflex 9105, Dreamcan ME01LK, Dreamcan ME0 12.5, and RespoKare that are available in the hospital, while bending over, talking, head side to side, and head up and down. While doing the movement, the Fit Test Score had to reach ≥100. Then, we measured heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiration rate before they entered and left the isolation rooms. Result: Thirty-one HCWs passed the screening test. One HCW could fit to more than one respirator. Sixteen (41,03%) HCWs fit to 3M Vflex 9105, 10 (25,64%) HCWs fit to Dreamcan ME01LK, 6 (15,38%)

HCWs fit to RespoKare, 4 (10,26%) fit to 3M 1870 and 3 (7,69%) fit to Dreamcan ME0 12.5. HCWs served in the isolation room for 74,0628,18 (35-150) minutes. We found a significant difference in heart and respiration rates before entering and after leaving the isolation room (p<0.05). In contradiction, the study showed no difference in O2 saturation (p=0,06).

This guide is for authors who are preparing papers for the Philosophy of Science Association journal using the LATEX document preparation system and the CUP PSA style file.

Age is the main risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and frontotemporal dementia. Despite our limited understanding of cellular mechanisms of aging-associated neuronal loss, an increasing number of studies demonstrate that oxidative stress and inflammation are key drivers. Epidemiological studies indicate that diet during middle adulthood can influence the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases later in life, so it is important to investigate dietary interventions to combat oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we hypothesized that treatment with fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties, prevents aging-associated oxidative stress that is known to be related to natural brain aging. Treatment with fucoxanthin protected rat primary hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress and aging in vitro. In our in vivo study, middle-aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with fucoxanthin (1 mg/kg, 5 days/week, n=6) or vehicle (n=6) for 4 weeks. After supplementation was completed, brain samples were harvested and subjected to quantitative and bioinformatic analyses. Fucoxanthin was detected and shown to decrease lipid peroxidation in the brains of the animals supplemented with fucoxanthin. Microarray analysis showed that treatment with fucoxanthin changed 5602 genes. Together, our results suggest that treatment with fucoxanthin prevents aging-associated oxidative stress and is capable of regulating genes that potentially ameliorate age-related changes to the brain.

Spacetime singularities are expected to disappear in quantum gravity. Singularity resolution prima facie supports the view that spacetime singularities are mathematical pathologies of gen- eral relativity. However, this conclusion might be premature. Spacetime singularities are more accurately understood as global properties of spacetime, rather than things. Therefore, if space- time emerges in quantum gravity – as it is often claimed – then so may its singular structure. Although this proposal is intriguing, the attempt to uphold that spacetime singularities may be emergent fails. I provide three arguments in support of this claim, drawing upon different views on spacetime emergence.