This chapter presents translated and annotated sources exploring the economical, psychological and demographical impacts of the plague.

Docudrama has its roots in a documentary film tradition that was always prepared to use fictional means to tell a factual story. BBC television's postwar dramatised story documentaries were built upon the twin foundations of the radio work and documentary film. In 1998, the author suggests a developmental model for the histories of British dramadoc and American docudrama. In the two national television systems of the UK and USA, the key post-war determinants that shaped the initial development of British dramadoc and American docudrama were economic, historical, cultural and political. The different imperatives of American television produced fact-based programming in the first phase of US development. In the era of 'Griersonian television', documentary's probity and sobriety were little doubted by audiences relatively unschooled in understandings of representation. 'Sincere and justifiable reconstruction', like 'judicious fiction', is a phrase that eloquently indicates the dependence of 1940s filmmakers on something beyond raw actuality.

This chapter focuses on the novel Lighthousekeeping. In 2003, Jeanette Winterson said that all the books she had written from Oranges to The Power Book ‘make a cycle or a series’ and should be seen as ‘one long continuous piece of work’. This statement has been contradicted by D. J. Taylor, who sees Lighthousekeeping as confirmation that ‘everything she writes is essentially a variation on the same thing’ and firmly concludes that what the new novel offers is ‘more of the same’. Most reviewers, however, have described the new novel in very positive terms, as ‘a light and lovely thing’ and as ‘a brilliant, glittering piece of work, the kind that makes you gasp out loud at the sheer beauty of the language’.

One of the things that the author had really liked over the years was the possibility of giving documentary workshops in different countries. He would do a film dealing with Communism, and Stalin and the Jews from 1939-1953. Stalin's Last Purge examines the last days of Stalin, and the brutal actions of the KGB. The start of the film proper would give us a short introductory look at Stalin up to 1939, and introduce the idea that though the Communist party proclaimed freedom it also persecuted Russian orthodoxy and Jewish tradition. The start of the Second World War shows us the rise of Stalin, the political work of a few Jews at the start of the new regime, and their almost total banishment from the scene by 1939. The main event at the end of the film was clearly the death of Stalin.

This chapter aims to outline the main legal and regulatory issues that concern docudrama. The legal mantra, 'due impartiality', 'accuracy', 'fairness', 'informed consent' comprises working concepts that try to give protection to both sides of a docudramatic operation. 'Legalling' is the term used for the vetting of a docudrama by production company lawyers. The process must take account of two separate systems: regulation; and the law itself. British law is enshrined in the 1996 Defamation Act. The legal contribution to the process is now so direct that it can easily be read as a kind of censorship. Many creatives now fight for shy of working in an area overdetermined by legal and regulatory constraints. The break-up of the post-war consensus in Britain has led to challenges to the network that once guaranteed acquiescence in a gentlemanly square dance between legislators and broadcasters.

This chapter considers the question of "cultural proximity", i.e. the proposition that a Faith Based Organization can have a privileged access to beneficiaries who share the same religious culture. It was based on a visit in 2007 to Aceh province in Indonesia, to observe the contribution of Islamic charities to reconstruction after the Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004. Special attention was given to the rebuilding of houses and schools, in which several other international NGOs experienced serious local difficulties. The conclusion was that a common religion can be an advantage, but not so much as to outweigh the importance of technical proficiency, especially in the heated political climate that prevailed during this period. As well as describing the mainly successful work of Islamic Relief Worldwide, Muslim Aid, and the Turkish Red Crescent, the chapter also notes that official international evaluations of the huge aid flows after the tsunami gave little credit to local organizations, notably the Muhammadiyah.

This introduction presents an overview of the the biographies and narrative sources in the book and puts them into the context of eleventh-century papal reform. They are concerned principally with the lives of Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII. Bishop Bonizo of Sutri wrote his polemical history of the Church, The Book to a Friend, in exile in Tuscany soon after the death of Gregory VII in 1085 and that pope is the central figure in the work. Paul of Bernried wrote his biography of Gregory VII in 1128, perhaps in Regensburg, drawing on a large collection of late eleventh-century Gregorian materials. Bishop Benzo of Alba completed his polemic addressed to Henry IV in 1085 in Lombardy. Finally Bishop Bruno of Segni composed his Sermon concerning Simoniacs probably in the later 1090s, when he was an active member of the papal curia.

This chapter was originally the entry in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics (2014). on Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the Egyptian-born Islamic scholar who took up residence in Qatar. It sets out to present a fair and balanced portrait of this contentious figure, regularly voted among the world’s foremost public intellectuals and (when the article was written) the most influential religious authority in the Sunni Muslim world, not least because of the formidable network of institutions that he helped to create, including charities; but also because of his forceful oratory, media skills, and many publications. A prefatory note provides up-to-date information on controversies involving Qaradawi, as the spiritual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, that have erupted since the article was first published.

This chapter evaluates the incidence of religious persecution and conflict in our own century, as quantified and tabulated by two social scientists, Brian J. Grim and Roger Finke – with special reference to the plight of Christians and other religious minorities (including Muslim minorities such as the Ahmadiyya) in a number of Muslim-majority countries. It first appeared in the Times Literary Supplement on 1 June 2012, under the heading "Repression by numbers". Reservations are expressed about the value of vast global comparisons such as are presented by Grim and Finke, but it is argued that such an approach is defensible provided that one is alert to possible bias or misjudgements that can warp the whole enterprise. The plight of Christians and other religious minorities in several Muslim-majority countries has become still more urgent since the publication of this book, with the rise of Isis in the Middle East and Boko Haram in Nigeria. This Chapter also mentions the anthropologist Chris Hann’s critique of what he calls "religious humanrightsism", i.e. the claim that all religious traditions deserve to be treated equally.

Our investigation of linkages between contemporary warfare and terrorism is based on an aggregation and analysis of data on terrorist events, insurgent groups, and various types of armed conflict. We follow this with studies of cases falling into each of our three classifications, including examples of terrorism as a leading, concurrent, or trailing indicator, as well as a fourth type of case in which terrorism does not coincide with warfare. Using these data sources, we map the frequencies of terrorist incidents over time for insurgent groups operating within contexts of wider-scale warfare.