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91016 results in Archaeology

Page 298 of 4551

  • ROM volume 90 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Papers of the British School at Rome / Volume 90 / October 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    16 November 2022, pp. f1-f6
    Print publication:
    October 2022
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  • Household salt production by the Late Classic Maya: underwater excavations at Ta'ab Nuk Na

  • Heather McKillop, E. Cory Sills
  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 96 / Issue 389 / October 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 October 2022, pp. 1232-1250
    Print publication:
    October 2022
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  • Salt is an essential commodity; archaeological remains around the world attest to the importance of its production, exchange and consumption. Often located in coastal locations, many production sites were submerged by rising seas, including the Paynes Creek Salt Works on the southern Belize coast. Survey and excavation of these sites has identified ‘kitchens’ for brine boiling, as well as Terminal Classic residential structures at Ek Way Nal. The authors report the discovery of an earlier residential building alongside salt kitchens at the nearby site of Ta'ab Nuk Na. This finding indicates that surplus household production began during the Late Classic, when demand for salt from inland cities was at its peak.

  • AQY volume 96 issue 389 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 96 / Issue 389 / October 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 October 2022, pp. f1-f6
    Print publication:
    October 2022
    • Article
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  • The world is not enough: New diplomacy and dilemmas for the World Heritage Convention at 50

  • Lynn Meskell, Claudia Liuzza
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Cultural Property / Volume 29 / Issue 4 / November 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 September 2022, pp. 391-407
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  • In this article, we reflect on the current socio-political context of the 1972 World Heritage Convention after 50 years rather than its significant achievements and trials throughout its turbulent history. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has already documented and publicized these formative episodes. Instead, we consider the World Heritage milieu today, embedded as it is within a much broader landscape of non-governmental organizations and civil society preservation initiatives than it was five decades ago. Like other United Nations agencies, UNESCO now faces challenges arising from various types of re-spatialization beyond the nation-state that further impact its effectiveness. Those challenges encompass not only the expansive force of globalization but also regionalization and localization, all of which have given rise to a new diplomacy. We discuss the proliferation of competing international agencies and individual donors, then describe the dilemmas facing World Heritage, including the rise of non-state actors and post-conflict remediation in the Middle East, the limited recognition of Indigenous Peoples and their role in decision making, and the persistent failures to remedy the inequitable position of Africa as a priority region.

  • Introduction

  • Alessandro Pierattini, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
  • Book:
    The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    29 September 2022, pp 1-11

  • Summary

    The Greek temple in dressed stone, with elaborate columnar orders and sculptural decoration, appears rather suddenly in the archaeological record, at the end of the seventh century.3 If one defines Greek architecture by the standards of the Archaic and Classical periods, one may argue, retrospectively, that architecture “did not exist” earlier in the Greek world. For the ages between the fall of the Bronze Age (BA) civilizations and the beginning of the seventh century, Greek temples in most regions were made mainly of earth, wood, and fieldstones, primitive in comparison to Archaic and Classical monuments. Yet if we look instead contextually at these temples and put aside the standards of future architecture, we can appropriately assess the architectural development of the temple.4 Adopting this approach, this book explores the early stages of the most emblematic architectural icon of the ancient Greek world. Ultimately, it will become clear that pre-Archaic temple architecture warrants a dedicated architectural history.

  • Gaphara – Minna villa Marci- Ras Chacra – Gasr Jafara : processus de changements toponymiques au fil des siècles ou diversité de sites ?

  • Hafed Abdouli, Muftah Ahmed
  • Journal:
    Libyan Studies / Volume 53 / November 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 September 2022, pp. 70-83
    Print publication:
    November 2022

  • Crossing literary evidence with archaeological data, we discuss the history of a site known as ‘Marsa Djazira’ by following the evolution of its toponym. During the Phoenician-Punic era, this site was described as a city/urban establishment with a harbour known as ‘Gaphara’. In late Roman times its name was most likely changed to ‘Minna Villa Marsi’, as the Marsi family of the aristocracy of Leptis Magna probably built a luxury residence (villa) and exploited the port to export olive products from its estates in the hinterland of Leptis Magna. In the Middle Ages, the site underwent another toponymic change to ‘Ras Chacra’ and became an official maritime station (port) on the shipping lanes. In the late Middle Ages, the ancient toponym ‘Gaphara’ reappeared again with a slight distortion as ‘Gasr Jafara/Djefara’. This last name was known when the site was already ruined and abandoned.

  • Two - The Rise of Monumental Temples

  • Alessandro Pierattini, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
  • Book:
    The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    29 September 2022, pp 56-178

  • Summary

    Judging from the present record, temples remained exceptional during most of the Early Iron Age (EIA). From the late ninth through the eighth centuries, this picture gradually began to change, with new sanctuaries and temples established in several regions.9999999 While even in the eighth century temples were far from common and many sanctuaries lacked monumental architecture, from this period onward we find sanctuaries and temples in rural settings as well as settlements.

  • Three - Technological Innovation and Permanence

  • Alessandro Pierattini, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
  • Book:
    The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    29 September 2022, pp 179-263

  • Summary

    Beginning in the late eighth century, temples had flourished across the Greek world, many with an ambition that made them monumental by our definition. Yet in design and construction, temples did not differ greatly from houses or other utilitarian structures. In the first half of the seventh century, technological innovation in temple construction transformed Greek architecture. Newly introduced roof tiles and stone ashlars set the temple apart from the rest of the built environment, harbingers of what the temple would become during the Archaic and Classical periods.

  • One - Origins and Legacies

  • Alessandro Pierattini, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
  • Book:
    The Origins of Greek Temple Architecture
    Published online:
    09 September 2022
    Print publication:
    29 September 2022, pp 12-55

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the admittedly scant evidence for cult buildings in the Greek world between the eleventh and ninth centuries. Histories of Greek architecture have often depicted this period as the “darkness” out of which Greek temples appeared, more or less suddenly, in the eighth century.1 But how sudden was this appearance, and to what extent can we now trace the early stages of the temple back to previous centuries?

Page 298 of 4551