We introduce an analytical methodology to approach the perception of time in the electronic works Thema: Omaggio a Joyce (1958), by Luciano Berio, and Gesang der Jünglinge (1955–6), by Karlheinz Stockhausen. Such works have already been widely analysed and discussed. Moreover, similarities between them have been pointed out, such as the use of the voice as their main compositional material and the search for a continuum between the voice and electronic sounds. Despite their similarities, we argue that the perception of time in those works is significantly different. For that purpose, we bring theoretical references such as time concepts related to complex dynamic systems, and the perception of time according to the Gestalt theory. We discuss segmentation and texture evolution in time of both works employing graphical representations based on perceptual audio descriptors such as the mel scale and the volume. In addition, aiming to find recurrences, repetitions and variations of the spectral material in time, we apply phase space graphs addressing the values of the descriptors employed in the analysis. The features found will lead to conclusions on the emergence of time perception in which the continuity depends on the presence of similar events, periodicities and pregnancies, while discontinuity is given by the presence of more variation, instability and saliences. We emphasise the differences of form perception in those pieces, arguing that they are the result of the manipulation of sound materials and organisation in time by the composers.

In the present work, the ankle rehabilitation robot (ARR) dynamic model that implements a new series of connection control strategies is introduced. The dynamic models are presented in this regard. This model analyzes the robot LuGre friction model and the nonlinear disturbance model. To improve the ARR system’s rapidity and robustness, a composite 2-degree of freedom (2-DOF) internal model control (IMC) controller is presented. The control performance of the compound 2-DOF IMC controller is simulated and analyzed in the present work. The simulation shows that the composite 2-DOF IMC controller has high following performance. For practical testing purposes, 1-DOF passive training and predetermined trajectory following have been completed for different swing amplitudes and frequencies. Moreover, the thrust and tension torque of the robotic dynamic and static loading characteristics are studied in active control mode. The experimental results show the effectiveness of passive training of the given trajectory and impedance training active control strategy. This paper gives the specific functions of ARR.

The anabolic effects of androgen on skeletal muscles are thought to be mediated by androgen receptor (AR). Although multiple studies concerning the effects of AR in males have been performed, the molecular mechanisms of AR in skeletal muscles remain unclear. Here we first confirmed that satellite cells from mouse hindlimb muscles express AR. We then generated satellite cell-specific AR knockout mice using Pax7CreERT2 and ARL2/Y mice to test whether AR in satellite cells is necessary for muscle regeneration. Surprisingly, we found that muscle regeneration was compromised in both Pax7CreERT2(Fan)/+ control mice and Pax7CreERT2(Fan)/+;ARL2/Y mice compared to ARL2/Y mice. However, Pax7CreERT2(Gaka)/+;ARL2/Y;R26tdTomato/+ mice showed no significant differences between control and mutant muscle regeneration. These findings indicate that AR in satellite cells is not essential for muscle regeneration. We propose that Pax7CreERT2(Fan)/+ control mice should be included in all experiments, because these mice negatively affect the muscle regeneration and show the mild regeneration phenotype.

The term “creative space” describes a relatively recent phenomenon of innovative workplace design. Such creative workspaces are becoming popular in industry and academia. However, the impact of specific spatial design decisions on creativity and innovation is not yet fully understood. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on creative work and learning environments. We conducted a systematic literature search within the Scopus database and identified a total of 73 relevant sources discussing creative spaces within academic, practice, and other innovation environments. Among the included sources are 51 academic publications and 22 sources from company research and illustrative coffee-table books. We analyzed the sources using three lenses of interest: (1) the types of theoretical and practical contributions that are provided, (2) the spatial characteristics that are suggested to be beneficial for creativity and innovation, and (3) the discussed potential of new technologies for designing or researching creative spaces. The results provide in-depth insight into the current state of research on the topic of creative spaces. Practitioners, educators, and researchers can use the presented overview to investigate the possible impact of creative workspace design and identify research gaps that can be filled by conducting further research in the field.

Algebraic effects and handlers are a convenient method for structuring monadic effects with primitive effectful operations and separating the syntax from the interpretation of these operations. However, the scope of conventional handlers is limited as not all side effects are monadic in nature. This paper generalizes the notion of algebraic effects and handlers from monads to generalized monoids, which notably covers applicative functors and arrows as well as monads. For this purpose, we switch the category theoretical basis from free algebras to free monoids. In addition, we show how lax monoidal functors enable the reuse of handlers and programs across different computation classes, for example, handling applicative computations with monadic handlers. We motivate and present these handler interfaces in the context of build systems. Tasks in a build system are represented by a free computation and their interpretation as a handler. This use case is based on the work of Mokhov et al. [(2018). PACMPL2(ICFP), 79:1–79:29.].

We construct a high-order conditional distance covariance, which generalizes the notation of conditional distance covariance. The joint conditional distance covariance is defined as a linear combination of conditional distance covariances, which can capture the joint relation of many random vectors given one vector. Furthermore, we develop a new method of conditional independence test based on the joint conditional distance covariance. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is very effective. We also apply our method to analyze the relationships of PM2.5 in five Chinese cities: Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Tangshan and Qinhuangdao by the Gaussian graphical model.

Given a fixed graph H, a real number p(0, 1) and an infinite Erdös–Rényi graph G ∼ G(∞, p), how many adjacency queries do we have to make to find a copy of H inside G with probability at least 1/2? Determining this number f(H, p) is a variant of the subgraph query problem introduced by Ferber, Krivelevich, Sudakov and Vieira. For every graph H, we improve the trivial upper bound of f(H, p) = O(p−d), where d is the degeneracy of H, by exhibiting an algorithm that finds a copy of H in time O(p−d) as p goes to 0. Furthermore, we prove that there are 2-degenerate graphs which require p−2+o(1) queries, showing for the first time that there exist graphs H for which f(H, p) does not grow like a constant power of p−1 as p goes to 0. Finally, we answer a question of Feige, Gamarnik, Neeman, Rácz and Tetali by showing that for any δ < 2, there exists α < 2 such that one cannot find a clique of order α log2 n in G(n, 1/2) in nδ queries.

As more people move back into densely populated cities, bike sharing is emerging as an important mode of urban mobility. In a typical bike-sharing system (BSS), riders arrive at a station and take a bike if it is available. After retrieving a bike, they ride it for a while, then return it to a station near their final destinations. Since space is limited in cities, each station has a finite capacity of docks, which cannot hold more bikes than its capacity. In this paper, we study BSSs with stations having a finite capacity. By an appropriate scaling of our stochastic model, we prove a mean-field limit and a central limit theorem for an empirical process of the number of stations with k bikes. The mean-field limit and the central limit theorem provide insight on the mean, variance, and sample path dynamics of large-scale BSSs. We also leverage our results to estimate confidence intervals for various performance measures such as the proportion of empty stations, the proportion of full stations, and the number of bikes in circulation. These performance measures have the potential to inform the operations and design of future BSSs.

This work presents a multimode flight framework control scheme for a quadrotor based on the super twisting algorithm. The controller design stages for six flight control modes are presented. The stability proof for each flight mode is carried out by means of Lyapunov functions, while the stability analysis for the complete control scheme, when a transition from one flight mode to another occurs, is demonstrated using the switching nonlinear systems theory. The performance of the proposed framework is shown in a 3D simulation environment considering a forest fire detection task, which takes into account external disturbances.