We consider two problems related to the b–l and b–ε models of propagation of turbulent bursts. We show that these equations admit some particular exact solutions which reduce to a finite-dimensional dynamical system. This makes it possible to describe a singular effect of finite-time extinction, and in particular, nonsymmetric solutions which do not exhibit symmetrization in the asymptotic behaviour. We show that in the multi-dimensional equation related to the b–l model, the nonsymmetric extinction behaviour is governed by the first-order equation. For the b–ε model with α=β=1 and γ<1, using such particular solutions, we establish that the ω-limit set of all the rescaled extinction orbits is essentially infinite-dimensional.

The purpose of this note is to bring into attention an apparently forgotten result of C. M. Petty: a convex body has minimal surface area among its affine transformations of the same volume if, and only if, its area measure is isotropic. We obtain sharp affine inequalities which demonstrate the fact that this “surface isotropic” position is a natural framework for the study of hyperplane projections of convex bodies.

The motion of a rigid particle in an inviscid non-uniformly vibrating ambient liquid is considered. The vibrations are caused by a dipole changing its strength in time. This model of a vibrator presents an asymptotic case of vibrations caused by a rigid sphere periodically changing its position when the radius and amplitude are small and the velocity is large. It is found that periodic oscillations with zero mean can cause the directed motion of a submerged particle even if its density equals that of the liquid. The direction of the motion is studied. It is shown that particles of density not less that of the ambient liquid are attracted by a vibrator. The direction of motion of lighter particles depends on their initial position.

For the optimal approximation of convex bodies by inscribed or circumscribed polytopes there are precise asymptotic results with respect to different notions of distance. In this paper we derive some results on optimal approximation without restricting the polytopes to be inscribed or circumscribed.

Hilbert's inequality asserts that

for arbitrary complex numbers ar. The constant π was first obtained by Schur [5], and is best possible. Following a suggestion of Selberg, Montgomery and Vaughan [4] showed that

where the γr are distinct real numbers and

The use of both higher-order amplitude corrections and complex rays to increase the accuracy of the approximation of the eigenvalues of Helmholtz equation on an annulus is demonstrated.

We prove a concentration inequality for δ-concave measures over ℝn. Using this result, we study the moments of order q of a norm with respect to a δ-concave measure over ℝn. We obtain a lower bound for q∈ ]−1, 0] and an upper bound for q∈ ]0,+ ∞[ in terms of the measure of the unit ball associated to the norm. This allows us to give Kahane-Khinchine type inequalities for negative exponent.

It is well known that boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations are in general “not well posed” problems. This paper is concerned with the uniqueness of solutions to boundary value problems for the hyperbolic equation uxx − Qu = utt. Here Q is a function of the variable x alone, and satisfies the following conditions:

(a) Q:[0, ∞) → ℝ;

(b) Q is Lebesgue integrable on any compact subinterval of [0, ∞);

(c) Q(x)→ ∞ as x → ∞.

The structure of periodic solutions to the Ginzburg–Landau equations in R2 is studied in the critical case, when the equations may be reduced to the first-order Bogomolnyi equations. We prove the existence of periodic solutions when the area of the fundamental cell is greater than 4πM, M being the overall order of the vortices within the fundamental cell (the topological invariant). For smaller fundamental cell areas, it is shown that no periodic solution exists. It is then proved that as the boundaries of the fundamental cell go to infinity, the periodic solutions tend to Taubes' arbitrary N-vortex solution.

The following Bernstein-type theorem in hyperbolic spaces is proved. Let ∑ be a non-zero constant mean curvature complete hypersurface in the hyperbolic space ℍn. Suppose that there exists a one-to-one orthogonal projection from ∑ into a horosphere. (1) If the projection is surjective, then ∑ is a horosphere. (2) If the projection is not surjective and its image is simply connected, then ∑ is a hypersphere.

It is shown that the cross-section body of a convex body K ⊂ ℝ3, that is the symmetric body which has for radial function in the direction u the maximal volume of a section of K by an hyperplane orthogonal to u, is a convex body in ℝ3.

In the paper [5] bounds are found for the sum,

for a suitable Dirichlet character χ mod r, and real functionf(x). The proofs in that paper use Bombieri and Iwaniec's method [1], one formulation of which has as part of its first step the estimation of S in terms of a sum of many shorter sums of the form,

where e(x) = exp (2πix), mi∈ [M, 2M], and each mi, lies in its own interval, of length N ≥ M/4, that is disjoint from those of the others. This paper addresses a problem springing from above: to bound the numbers of ‘similar’ pairs, Si+, Si+, satisfying both

and

where ‖x‖ = min{|x − n|: n ∈ ℤ}. Lemma 5.2.1 of [3] (partial summation) shows that each sum in a similar pair is a bounded multiple of the other.

This note presents a classification of commutative, cancellative monoids S by flatness properties of their associated S-acts.

An origin-symmetric convex body K in ℝn is called an intersection body if its radial function ρK is the spherical Radon transform of a non-negative measure µ on the unit sphere Sn−1. When µ is a positive continuous function, K is called the intersection body of a star body. The notion of intersection body was introduced by Lutwak [L]. It played a key role in the solution of the Busemann-Petty problem, see [G1], [G2], [L], [Z1] and [Z2]. Koldobsky [K] showed that the cross-polytope is an intersection body. This indicates that the statement in [Z3] that no origin-symmetric convex polytope in ℝn (n > 3) is an intersection body is not correct. This paper will prove the weaker statement that no origin-symmetric convex polytope in ℝn (n > 3) is the intersection body of a star body.

Let k be a positive integer and g(k) be the least integer n > k + 1 such that all prime factors of are >k. We prove that

where c is an absolute positive constant. We also establish a new theorem on the distribution of fractional parts of a smooth function.

We model a thin liquid film moving down a slope using the lubrication approximation with a slip condition. The travelling-wave solution is derived for small inclination angle α, using singular perturbation methods, and compared to the numerical solution. For the linear stability analysis we combine numerical methods with the long-wave approximation and find a small but finite critical α* below which the flow remains linearly stable to spanwise perturbations. This is contrasted with the vanishing of the hump of the travelling-wave solution. Finally, the prevailing linear stability of the travelling-wave at small inclination angles is compared with recent related results using a precursor model. Here, though, a strong dependence on the magnitude of the contact angle is found, which we think has not been observed before.

We consider the spectral function

associated with the Sturm-Liouville equation

in situations where q(x) →−∞ as x → ∞ and (1.1) is in the Weyl limit-point case at ∞. As usual, q is real-valued and locally integrable in [0, ∞], and our particular concern is where q(x) has the form

where c (>0) is a parameter, s and p are non-negative on [0, ∞], p(x) → ∞ and p(x) = 0{s(x) } as x → ∞. As the boundary condition at x = 0, we take the Dirichlet condition y(0) = 0 for convenience: we can equally take the Neumann condition y′ (0) = 0 or generally a1y(0) + a2y′ (0) = 0 with real a1 and a2.

It is shown that the regular n-dimensional simplex has a non-convex cross-section body for all n ≥ 4.

The method of classical Lie symmetries, generalised to differential-difference equations by Quispel, Capel and Sahadevan, is applied to the discrete nonlinear telegraph equation. The symmetry reductions thus obtained are compared with analogous results for the continuous telegraph equation. Some of these ‘continuous’ reductions are used to provide initial data for a numerical scheme which attempts to solve the corresponding discrete equation.