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The ins and outs of unpacking the black box: Understanding motivation using a multi-level approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2025

F. Wurm ,
I. J. M. van der Ham  and
J. Schomaker Open the ORCID record for J. Schomaker [Opens in a new window]
F. Wurm
Affiliation:
Health, Medical & Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands f.r.wurm@fsw.leidenuniv.nl c.j.m.van.der.ham@fsw.leidenuniv.nl j.schomaker@fsw.leidenuniv.nl https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/franz-wurm#tab-1 https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/ineke-van-der-ham#tab-1 https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/judith-schomaker/publications#tab-1 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
I. J. M. van der Ham
Affiliation:
Health, Medical & Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands f.r.wurm@fsw.leidenuniv.nl c.j.m.van.der.ham@fsw.leidenuniv.nl j.schomaker@fsw.leidenuniv.nl https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/franz-wurm#tab-1 https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/ineke-van-der-ham#tab-1 https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/judith-schomaker/publications#tab-1 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
J. Schomaker*
Affiliation:
Health, Medical & Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands f.r.wurm@fsw.leidenuniv.nl c.j.m.van.der.ham@fsw.leidenuniv.nl j.schomaker@fsw.leidenuniv.nl https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/franz-wurm#tab-1 https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/ineke-van-der-ham#tab-1 https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/staffmembers/judith-schomaker/publications#tab-1 Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Although higher-level constructs often fail to explain the mechanisms underlying motivation, we argue that purely mechanistic approaches have limitations. Lower-level neural data help us identify “biologically plausible” mechanisms, while higher-level constructs are critical to formulate measurable behavioral outcomes when constructing computational models. Therefore, we propose that a multi-level, multi-measure approach is required to fully unpack the black box of motivated behavior.

Information

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 48 , 2025 , e49
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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