The human body is tied to a distinctive form of natural beauty, for Hegel proposes that there is something about the human body in its given, natural form that makes it uniquely capable of manifesting self-conscious spirit or mind. Since, ontologically speaking, the being of spirit is of a higher order than anything in nonhuman nature, the capacity to give off the distinctive look and sound of a spiritual way of being amounts to the human body’s capacity for a higher, fuller beauty as well. This chapter focuses primarily on the naturally given, predominantly involuntary ways in which the human body allows spirituality to appear. Because Hegel characterizes artworks generally as involving a “spiritualizing” of otherwise natural forms, we are encouraged to think of the human body’s distinctive, spirit-manifesting demeanor as a kind of root aesthetic vocabulary with which all of the more developed “languages” of art are familiar and from which they grow. But it also seems that for Hegel it ultimately takes art, and in particular classical sculpture, to reveal the purportedly natural beauty of the body, and this complicates the sense in which bodily beauty is natural after all.

Mycenae’s LH IIIA2-IIIB palatial stonework was spectacular, and attention is given here to the innovative construction processes and specialized stonecutting tools that elicited awe. A fresh look at Mycenae’s final three tholoi illustrates the strategy of conveying power through stonework. The chapter also assesses the semiotics of the site’s architectural sculpture.

This chapter surveys the wide range of definitions of belief in recent scholarship and explores the potential of the cognitive science of religion for generating new approaches. It rejects the assumption that it is possible to talk about the presence or absence of ‘belief’ in Greek religion in a monolithic way, such that the Greeks either believed wholly in their gods or they did not, and challenges the related assumption that beliefs combine to form stable, internally consistent systems. It draws on a range of concepts from cognitive science to explore how contradictions between beliefs and between beliefs and experience might be managed and argues for a dynamic, contextual and plural understanding of Greek religious belief.

The implications of tool distributions and exceptional building projects in the Argolid and Boeotia are discussed. Substantial gaps remain in the story of transregional craft and political ties, but the present study offers new clues about the political makeup of at least part of the Mycenaean world.

This chapter introduces readers to the lived experience of an anxious student, providing a human lens through which to explore mathematics anxiety – a global, multi-dimensional phenomenon that has evolved over more than seventy years. It offers foundational definitions and situates mathematics anxiety within the context of non-specialist university students, particularly those encountering barriers to engaging with statistics and quantitative research methods. While the discussion is especially relevant to students in the social sciences, the issues addressed also resonate with learners in STEM disciplines. The chapter sets the stage for a pedagogical intervention designed to moderate anxiety and enhance learning, previewing its implementation and key highlights. It concludes with an overview of the book’s structure, guiding readers through themes of inclusive education and emotionally intelligent teaching practices.

This chapter presents a thematic review of past interventions designed to address mathematics anxiety, identifying five key areas of focus: enhancing self-efficacy, implementing blended learning strategies, fostering growth mindsets, supporting working memory and attention, and promoting student-led education. These themes collectively establish a foundation for a forward-looking pedagogical framework. Drawing on students’ reflections about their prior learning experiences, the chapter offers qualitative insights into the emotional and cognitive dimensions of mathematics anxiety. It concludes by articulating the theoretical rationale for a pedagogical intervention underpinned by an innovative overarching theoretical framework ‒ informed by Symbolic Interactionism, a theory not previously applied to mathematics anxiety ‒ described in five subsequent chapters. This intervention responds to gaps in earlier approaches and contributes to the evolving discourse on effective strategies for moderating mathematics anxiety among non-specialist university students.

While we might naturally think that artworks possess sensible and physical properties in the same way that other finite, natural objects do, there is reason to think that on Hegel’s account artworks “work” only insofar as they quite literally suspend their otherwise finite, natural properties, thereby realizing a decidedly infinite and autonomous way of being. This chapter appeals to some of the distinctive insights of Hegel’s idealist metaphysics to develop what is in effect an original, Hegelian-inspired ontology of the artwork. It argues that artworks make an express show of their own suspension of the natural, affirming the birth of their distinctive, autonomous reality in and through a movement that involves the transcending of the otherwise natural terms of their own existence. To experience the beauty of an artwork is to experience this transformative movement, and the chapter argues that what is at issue here is akin to the nature of transformative historical events that on Hegel’s account set the terms of world history.

This chapter explains how the technical evolution of rifled guns and their bullets altered the lethality of gun violence during the industrial era. It explains how over the course of a century (1850–1950), these industrial weapons, which were so much more lethal than the smoothbore muskets of the past, revolutionised gun violence and made the power to kill accessible to all. It argues that it was the accessibility of this power of life and death, and the expansion of the global trade in these weapons, that affected what contemporaries viewed as legitimate forms of gun violence. The chapter argues that it was the invention of ‘less’ lethal bullets in the 1880s and early 1890s that ensured that when the British military deployed deeply destructive ‘dum-dum’ bullets in their wars in India and Sudan it inspired global media outrage. This outrage inspired the delegates at The Hague Conference of 1899 to ban these ammunitions in the laws of war. This ban helped to entrench the idea that some forms of gun violence are more transgressive than others and that dum-dum bullets are unconscionable weapons.

A concluding chapter that offers additional readings and resources for the interested reader.

Complex fluids can be found all around us, from molten plastics to mayonnaise, and understanding their highly nonlinear dynamics is the subject of much research.

This text introduces a common theoretical framework for understanding and predicting the flow behavior of complex fluids. This framework allows for results including a qualitative understanding of the relationship between a fluid’s behavior at the microscale of particles or macromolecules, and its macroscopic, viscoelastic properties. The author uses a microstructural approach to derive constitutive theories that remain simple enough to allow computational predictions of complicated macroscale flows.

Readers develop their intuition to learn how to approach the description of materials not covered in the book, as well as limits such as higher concentrations that require computational methods for microstructural analysis.

This monograph’s unique breadth and depth make it a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in fluid mechanics.

Outlines the leadership skills needed to navigate modern higher education’s complexity. Discusses strategic vision, emotional intelligence, and managing change in a VUCA environment. Highlights the need for leaders to balance efficiency with entrepreneurial thinking and foster a culture of innovation.