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The Real Pain of Punishment explores the true pains of incarceration using insights from empirical sciences and people with lived prison experiences. The book highlights the concept of 'belonging' as an unprecedented lens for critically interrogating the legitimacy of incarceration across penal theory, sentencing practice, and human rights frameworks. The chapters chart pathways for bridging the gap between the normative idea of punishment and the stark realities of prison life. The final chapter, written with scholars currently and formerly incarcerated in a New York State facility, reflects on how embracing belonging within penal approaches can inform responses to harm grounded in humanization, proximity, empowerment, and collaboration. With this chapter and more, the book, advances a call for deeper epistemic dialogue within legal discourse on crime, punishment, and justice. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available open access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Legal professionals in the United States increasingly have relied on dictionaries, both current and historical, in court cases. This practice is complicated because originalist jurists are often not well-versed in lexicographical principles that would provide a fuller view of historical reasoning. This Element first contextualizes several issues in early English dictionaries and eighteenth-century language that illustrate how using dictionaries from the Founding Era in questions of law can be problematic: the Element provides examples of words changing over time, explains methodology of devising and borrowing in definitions, details who the readers of such dictionaries were, and more. The Element then excerpts John Mikhail's essential article written in response to the court case CREW vs Trump to show how lexicographical methods and linguistic textual evidence can be better used in legal cases and analysis by triangulating meaning and identifying a prototypical definition.
This practical guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) covers the history and supporting theory, through to the most recent empirical evidence and practical aspects of delivery. The structure of IPT is covered in detail, allowing practitioners to use the book as a thorough guide to delivering therapy in their clinical practice. Numerous case studies are included to help readers learn through examples, as well as the key applications of IPT to a variety of disorders, including perinatal depression, social anxiety, bipolar disorder and eating disorders. An overview of various adaptations of the therapy for applications in different populations and settings is also covered, allowing the clinician to tailor therapy to different settings. Part of the Cambridge Guides to the Psychological Therapies series, offering all the latest scientifically rigorous and practical information on a range of key, evidence-based psychological interventions for clinicians.
The New Believers identifies a group of today's most important novelists, Margaret Atwood, J. M. Coetzee, Junot Díaz, and George Saunders, who have challenged the trend of depressing and defeatist novelistic endings by turning to spiritual beliefs, powers, and presences. Through spiritual belief, these writers use the novel to imagine more hopeful and caring ways of being in the world, ones that can challenge Christian Nationalism and neoliberal capitalism and empower leftist and liberal causes, such as women's rights, migrant rights, animal rights, and care for the environment. Through a survey of the current state of novel studies, close readings of key works by each writer, and new archival research on Margaret Atwood and J. M. Coetzee, The New Believers shows how these writers transform novelistic realism through spiritual realism and reshape the current debate about religion, secularization, and literature.
This Element explores the concepts, benefits, and limitations of the use of AI in language learning, teaching, and assessment. It also looks at AI tools for language teaching and language teachers' roles and competencies required for AI-powered language teaching. In addition, it offers practical ideas for AI-powered language teaching and presents AI-powered language teaching activities based on an AI literacy framework, which highlights using AI creatively, critically, effectively, efficiently, and ethically. The Element examines challenges in AI-powered language teaching and provides teachers with actionable guidelines to overcome the challenges. It guides language teachers and teacher educators on how to develop AI competencies, how to select AI tools, and how to integrate the tools successfully into their teaching practices.
Seeds of Solidarity is a study of British Guiana amid a wave of Caribbean uprisings that brought modern politics to colonial spaces during the 1930s. It explores the historical power of a movement forged by people at the edges of empire during economic, political, and environmental crises. African- and Indian-Guianese youth, women, and men who worked on sugar plantations led a series of labor uprisings, despite attempts to turn these racialized communities against each other. Rather than erasing identities, their 'overlapping diasporas' signify how solidary can emerge without sameness, and how this process challenged the British Empire and reshaped Caribbean politics. This important work unites Caribbean history, African Diaspora and South Asian Diaspora studies, histories of racial capitalism and labor movements, gender studies, and the politics of colonialism and empire in the post-indenture period. It offers a model of resistance in today's era of deepening racial and economic inequality, fascism, and climate emergency.
Based on courses taught at the University of Cambridge, this text presents core contemporary statistical methods and theory in an accessible, self-contained and rigorous fashion, with a focus on finite-sample guarantees as opposed to asymptotic arguments. Many of the topics and results have not appeared in book form previously, and some constitute new research. The prerequisites are relatively light (primarily a good grasp of linear algebra and real analysis) and complete solutions to all 250+ exercises are available online. It is the perfect entry point to the subject for master's and graduate-level students in statistics, data science and machine learning, as well as related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, signal processing, information theory, electrical engineering and econometrics. Researchers in these fields will also find it an invaluable resource. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
How is it possible that economists generally fail to foresee recession, yet forecasting has never lost its appeal and importance? Using a combination of published scientific and technical literature, newspaper articles as well as archival material from thirty-three research sites in six countries, Tools of Trust looks for an answer to this question. It tells the history of business forecasting in the twentieth century, tracing the emergence and fundamental transformations of forecasting techniques and their role in economic and political decision-making. It investigates how the role of business forecasting has changed and how this has transformed economic and political decision-making. Offering a nuanced understanding of the crucial role forecasting plays in managing economic uncertainty, this book examines how unforeseen economic crises have paradoxically reinforced the importance of forecasting, turning it into an indispensable tool to reduce economic uncertainty and stabilize the capitalist order.
In the years surrounding the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, major non-Muslim communities of Zoroastrians, Christians, Jews, and Bahaʾis negotiated identities, rights, and power structures. Using primary documents from Iranian, British, and French archives, Saghar Sadeghian sheds light on an underexplored aspect of Iranian and Middle Eastern history and offers a comparative view of these communities during the late Qajar era. This study draws on theories from Foucault, Agamben, and Lefebvre, providing an interdisciplinary analysis that connects history and sociology. The position of non-Muslims in Iranian society created heterotopias for the Muslim majority, yet the fluid identities blurred boundaries and bent regulations. Sadeghian explores the roles of non-Muslims in the revolution, demonstrating the impacts on these groups at the intersection of religion, economy, and politics.
Rage is having a moment. It is everywhere, among men, women and children, but particularly among feminists like us. This Element is a concentrated meditation on women's rage in Bruised Hibiscus (2000) and Negra (2013), two novels by and about Caribbean women. We explore how expressions of rage braided with feminist solidarity figure in these novels and how this mixture produces affective and political responses to racism and gender-based violence. Our focus on the contours of Caribbean women's rage advances feminist thought on rage as a political tool of power. In selected readings of our two novels, we identify feminist solidarity as an essential and shared factor in the discursive expression of Caribbean women's rage: We argue that the female protagonists in Bruised Hibiscus and Negra articulate their rage differently but use it similarly to claim the power to resist if not to eradicate racism, gender-based violence, and sex shaming.
From ruined convents to rooftop gardens, parking lots to Zoom calls, theatre practitioners around the world are staging Shakespeare in a variety of unconventional and unexpected spaces. Drawing on practitioner interviews, case studies, and ten years of personal experience, this Element argues site-specific theatre-makers leverage 'tactical intelligence' in Shakespeare performance: a capacity for theatrical meaning-making through creative responses to spatial constraints, rather than strategic control. Organised around a heuristic of five types of 'site'– Revenant, Found, Shifting, Green, and Viral – with a conclusion that examines the challenges facing 'Future Sites' – the Element reveals a 'Guerrilla Shakespeare' in global site-specific performance. This is Shakespeare with a 'punk', 'pirate', 'bodega' spirit, where economic precarity is met with creative freedom and institutional barriers yield to democratic accessibility.
Shakespeare and Blended Learning charts a distinctive perspective that connects best practices of in-classroom activity with those of online learning to create a dynamic model for teaching Shakespeare. A blended approach to Shakespeare, we argue, stands to make his works more engaging, accessible, and relevant to students. Drawing on established research and best practices in blended pedagogy, course design, and assessment, and applying them to a range of plays including Hamlet, King Lear, The Winter's Tale, Twelfth Night, and 1 Henry 4, we argue that teaching Shakespeare does not demand a choice between in-person and online learning but rather maximizes engaged student learning by combining the two. This book will appeal to readers who wish to update an extant course with fresh tips and tricks or who seek more formalized, sustained training on how to teach Shakespeare responsibly with technology.
From the 1920s to the 1960s in Cuba, against the backdrop of revolutions, new constitutions, and rampant inequality, the Cuban Communist Party stood out as an unparalleled space for Black political leadership, activism, and advocacy. This party, led by Black political actors, including labor leaders, members of Black fraternal organizations and the Black intelligentsia, fought for an end to racial discrimination and used their voices to advocate for true equality. Analyzing US government surveillance records, Cuban newspapers, government records, party pamphlets, and more, Kaitlyn D. Henderson illustrates how the Cuban Communist Party created a unique space for an expression of Cuban Black nationalism and how communist parties in the western hemisphere strayed from traditional Marxist ideology. An important corrective, this book sheds light on the overlooked history of Black Communist leaders who fought for equality before the Revolution changed everything.
This Element explores the analysis of deception in written texts from a forensic linguistic perspective. It provides an overview of the evolution of deception research and philosophy, from its earliest conceptualisation as a sin against God, to cue leakage theories and pseudoscientific beliefs built on medieval concepts of deceptive behaviour, to current psychology and linguistic based approaches to identifying lying. This requires an appreciation of where linguistic analysis fits into the eight decades plus of deception research, which is addressed here: the relationships between deceptive intention and communication; between emotional states and the linguistic features claimed to represent them; and between language and linguistic analysis. This Element is written for the non-linguist professional, especially those engaged in investigative and inquisitorial contexts, to provide them with some knowledge to assess the strengths and limitations of approaches to analysing lying and deception as produced in written texts.
This book reveals how Congress quietly shaped American elections across more than a century of constitutional development. Far from a passive observer, Congress used its authority to influence key controversies – from the expansion of slavery in new territories to the reconstruction of the post-Civil War electorate. Congress exercised power under the Elections Clause, the Guarantee Clause, and later, the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, to combat voter suppression, reimagine representation, and determine who could (and could not) participate in American democracy. Even as Jim Crow laws disenfranchised millions, Congress continued to review and sometimes overturn the elections of its own members, refusing to cede complete control to the states. In doing so, Congress routinely subordinated federalism to politics. In Congress We Trust? provides a new perspective on who truly governs our system of elections by showing that federal authority has been broad, lasting, and decisive.
Since Korean cultural products and entertainers have gained global popularity – the so-called Korean Wave – many studies have regarded the Korean Wave as Korea's soft power. However, the concept of soft power remains contested in the political science literature, particularly because it is difficult to clearly distinguish it from hard power. This Element, therefore, examines whether the Korean Wave can be considered Korea's soft power within the debate surrounding the concept. The findings indicate that the Korean Wave has enhanced Korea's national image and increased trade and international interest in the country. As Korea is not a superpower, this case suggests that soft power can be real without hard power support and that the Korean Wave is Korea's soft power. Nevertheless, due to the limited evidence that the Korean Wave leads to policy changes in other countries, the term “soft power” should be used with caution.
Early English writers describe their landscapes in the same way they describe themselves. Illuminating the forms medieval people used to write their world, Amy W. Clark provides a new epistemological model for understanding early medieval English relational selves and positions. Beginning with the relationally oriented streams, oaks, and gates of Old English charters, she shows that Old English riddles similarly describe paths between long noses, loud voices, and puzzling contradictions, guiding readers to hidden mysteries. Widsith revisits legendary landmarks to comment on knowledge, power, and what it means to 'give good,' while the Old English elegies cope with catastrophic loss by mapping the remembered past onto an inverted present. In particular, Clark demonstrates how repetition becomes a key formal strategy when landscapes and selves are threatened. From bounds to Beowulf, she shows that Old English and Anglo-Latin texts revisit relational landmarks to stabilize knowledge and selfhood in an ever-changing world.