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2755 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 2 of 138

Plato’s Medicinal Politics and Its Hippocratic Entwinement

Plato’s Medicinal Politics and Its Hippocratic Entwinement
  • Illness, Paideia, and the Decline of an Ideal City
  • Wenjin Liu
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • This Element argues that Plato's medical language in political contexts is not mere metaphor but a medical model of political analysis. Centering on the Republic, it shows how Plato adopts, critiques, and reworks Hippocratic ideas to diagnose, explain, evaluate, and treat political conditions. The payoff is a solution to a central puzzle: how the ideal city can be exceptionally stable yet liable to degenerate into vice. Its stability, I argue, consists in a robustness and resilience analogous to bodily health, sustained by protective institutions and practices; its fragility lies in the inevitable fallibility of those protections, which cannot indefinitely prevent, arrest, or reverse corruption over time. The Element then identifies a corrupt paideia-understood as a city-wide system of acculturation-as the singular, foundational cause of political degeneration, and closes by drawing lessons about the limits and prospects of genuine reform.
The Immersive Global Middle Ages

The Immersive Global Middle Ages
  • Lynn T. Ramey, Roger L. Martínez-Dávila
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • The Immersive Global Middle Ages emerges from a National Endowment for the Humanities–funded institute that explored how immersive digital environments can transform research and teaching about the global Middle Ages. Recognizing the medieval world as interconnected and culturally diverse, this Element situates digital tools within broader discussions of globalization, interdisciplinarity, and humanistic method. The authors examine how virtual reality, 3D modeling, and game-based learning can reconstruct and interpret premodern worlds, extending traditional scholarship into new experiential forms. The Element offers both theoretical frameworks and practical guidance for scholars and teachers developing projects that reflect the complexity of global medieval cultures. Foregrounding collaboration and innovation, The Immersive Global Middle Ages demonstrates that immersive technologies do more than visualize the past-they reshape how we understand cultural networks, knowledge exchange, and the shared human experience linking medieval and modern worlds. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Knowledge-To in Classical Confucianism
  • Waldemar Brys
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    30 September 2026
  • Early Confucian philosophical texts offer a view on which a person's knowing to φ is a distinct kind of knowledge irreducible to more familiar kinds, such as knowledge-that, knowledge-how, or knowledge-by-acquaintance. Unlike knowledge-that, knowing-to is non-propositional, and unlike knowledge-how and knowledge-by-acquaintance, knowing-to is present only if the agent is performing a corresponding intelligent action. The author motivates such an early Confucian account of knowledge-to by arguing that it offers the people an attractive conceptual alternative to standard ways of thinking about the relation between knowledge and intelligent action.
Discovering the Romani Sounds of Krakow

Discovering the Romani Sounds of Krakow
  • The Legend of Stefan Dymiter
  • Anna G. Piotrowska
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
Renaissance Refugees

Renaissance Refugees
  • Negotiating Displacement in Early Modern Italy
  • Diego Pirillo
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • Comparing four displaced communities in four early modern sanctuary cities (Rome, Venice, Livorno, and London), I show that refugees were not only the victims of state violence but actively negotiated with governments, contributing to the creation of asylum and resettlement policies. Reading the multilingual corpus of early modern refugee literature, I study the discursive practices that displaced people used to prevent persecution and secure rights for their communities. Thus, the history of displacement that emerges from this volume is not simply a “history from below,” solely centered on persecuted minorities but rather a larger 'refugee history,' that studies both institutions and communities, and recovers the norms and practices that arose in response to forced migration. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Scrupulosity

Scrupulosity
  • Religious OCD and Spiritual Perfectionism
  • Anastasia Philippa Scrutton
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • Scrupulosity is sometimes regarded as a form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) which focuses especially on religious obsessions and compulsions, or more generally as an excessive form of religious or spiritual perfectionism. In this Element, drawing on my own experiences and those of people within different religious traditions, I will expand our understanding of the phenomenology of scrupulosity, including ways it is experienced differently by people within different religious traditions. Next, I will consider why there is scrupulosity, exploring psychological and theological perspectives. Finally, I will then turn to the question of whether scrupulosity can be spiritually innocent; i.e. that, in spite of scrupulosity being (I argue) a spiritual disability, a person might gain spiritual benefits as a result of having scrupulosity that they would probably not otherwise gain. Finally, I will consider the implications of my argument for clinical and pastoral contexts, and for the philosophy of religion.
Neurotechnologies, Artificial Intelligence, and Christian Ethics

Neurotechnologies, Artificial Intelligence, and Christian Ethics
  • Neil Messer
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • Recent years have witnessed rapid and ongoing growth of technologies that combine neuroscience with artificial intelligence to gather information about human brain activity, modify brain functions, and connect individuals' brains to computers and other brains. While these technologies are said to promise great benefits, they also raise serious concerns, including: their impact on identity and moral agency; mental privacy; the ethics of enhancement; and the potential for bias and discrimination. This Element explores these ethical concerns from a Protestant theological perspective, framed by the question: How can Christians promote the common good in relation to neurotechnologies?
Magic and Disability in the Early Modern World

Magic and Disability in the Early Modern World
  • Andrew Sneddon
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    30 September 2026
  • This Element argues that early modern witchcraft (discourse, visual imagery and trials) in Scotland, England, Ireland and America demonised, devalued and disqualified non-normative bodies and minds. Using interpretative frameworks of monstrosity and deformity, while working within wider religious and medical understandings of disability, physical, cognitive, and sensory difference was read as inner corruption, sin or divine punishment or medicalised and pathologized as something to be fixed. The witch's body became monstrous through association with demonic creatures and physical transformation, while visible physical difference offered sought-after physical evidence of witchcraft. Intersecting with social status, reputation, and gender, disability then explains why some individuals were accused of witchcraft. Disability could also hamper a suspects' ability to defend themselves during interrogation and trial. Their victims, the bewitched, however, used witchcraft accusations to navigate discriminatory narratives and treatment of disabling conditions and to find ways to cure or mitigate them.
Evolutionary Explanations for Associations between Religiosity and Mental Health

Evolutionary Explanations for Associations between Religiosity and Mental Health
  • Seth Dornisch
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • This Element examines the relationship between mental health and religiosity from an evolutionary perspective. Drawing on psychology, anthropology, and health science, it explores the origins of religiosity and the cultural evolution of religious traditions to identify how religious beliefs, behaviors, and affiliations have influenced human psychosocial functioning over time. First, it defines the concepts of mental health and religiosity and then summarizes research on contemporary associations between them. This synthesis highlights the multidimensionality of each construct and the variability in their association across individuals and cultural contexts. Building on theory, the Element introduces a novel multilevel framework to explain how religiosity and mental health have interacted differently across evolutionary, cultural, and personal timescales. It concludes by considering applications of this evolutionary science, proposing that individuals who understand how religiosity and mental health are associated can more intentionally cultivate personal forms of religiosity that benefit, rather than hinder, well-being.
Teaching Stylistics in Higher Education

Teaching Stylistics in Higher Education
  • Pedagogy and Emotion
  • Megan Mansworth
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • This Element explores connections between pedagogy and emotion in the teaching of stylistics in higher education. Grounded in qualitative analysis of interviews with five experienced stylisticians, it examines how practitioners perceive the value of emotion, how students' emotional responses are facilitated in stylistics, and the pedagogical affordances offered by emotion. After situating the study in relation to wider research on the teaching of stylistics and the role of emotion in language and literature education, key themes relating to the importance of emotion in shaping pedagogical practice and student learning in stylistics are identified and explored. The analysis presented here demonstrates that emotion plays a vital role in stylistics pedagogy. Subsequently, the Element draws on this analysis to offer pedagogical strategies for practically integrating emotion in productive ways in stylistics teaching. In doing so, this Element exemplifies the importance of recognising emotion as integral to stylistics pedagogy in higher education.
The Wise Club

The Wise Club
  • Origins of Common Sense in the Aberdeen Philosophical Society, 1758–1773
  • Charles Bradford Bow
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • The Wise Club reconstructs the collaborative intellectual culture in which the Scottish philosophy of common sense first emerged in the Aberdeen Philosophical Society between 1758 and 1773. Rather than attributing this school of thought to a single founder, the study traces how David Skene, John Gregory, Thomas Reid, George Campbell, Alexander Gerard, and James Beattie developed distinct yet compatible inquiries across different branches of knowledge through a disciplined culture of inquiry. Their collective commitment to an inductive investigation of the original faculties of the human mind extended common sense beyond epistemology to natural history, medicine, rhetoric, aesthetics, moral philosophy, and imaginative literature. Drawing on unpublished discourses, abstracted discussions, lecture notes, and correspondence, this Element situates the Wise Club in a formative context that produced canonical works of the Scottish Enlightenment and reinterprets common sense philosophy as a characteristic method of inquiry rather than a unified doctrinal system.

Urban Climate Science
Economists, Economic Knowledge, and Central Banks

Economists, Economic Knowledge, and Central Banks
  • Aurélien Goutsmedt, Francesco Sergi, Juan Acosta
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    October 2026
    Print publication:
    31 October 2026
  • What do economists do in central banks? Why do central banks hire economists? This Element investigates the evolving role of economists and economic knowledge within central banks, arguing that their current centrality is neither self-evident nor historically inevitable. It shows that the influence of economists within central banks is the result of a complex, gradual, and uneven historical process shaped by institutional structures, disciplinary transformations, and shifting relationships between science and policy. Drawing on a rich but dispersed body of literature, the Element traces how economists progressively gained authority through the establishment of statistics departments, the adoption of macroeconometric models, and the emergence of a shared cognitive infrastructure between academia and central banks. Rather than focusing on individuals or doctrines, it examines general trends and institutional shifts across national case studies to show how central banks function as boundary organizations, at the intersection of science and policy.
Redeployment in Multilingual Phonology

Redeployment in Multilingual Phonology
  • John Archibald, Darin Flynn
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    September 2026
    Print publication:
    30 September 2026
  • In this book we explore the construct of phonological redeployment which can be described as taking a contrastive element from your L1 grammar and using it in a new way to represent a novel contrast in an additional language. We look at learning a new liquid contrast, a new place contrast, a new vowel contrast, and show how redeployment accounts for the observed patterns. We look at learning new laryngeal features such as voicing, aspiration, and ejection. We also touch upon the field of language contact, showing how features can be redeployed within a language to set up new contrasts resulting from contact. We also review cases where learners take an L1 feature from one domain (a vocalic feature) and redeploy it to acquire a new L2 consonantal place contrast. We conclude by situating the studies within the literature on monolingual normativity to emphasize that different does not mean deficient.
Echoes of Italian Fascism in Brazil (1930–1945)

Echoes of Italian Fascism in Brazil (1930–1945)
  • Fabio Gentile
  • Translated by Fabio Manto
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    September 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • The worldwide return of nationalist and authoritarian ideologies calls for examination of its prior manifestations and spread. This Element examines the appropriation of Italian Fascism and its project of a corporative state during the 'Vargas Era' in Brazil (1930–1945), which launched Brazil into twentieth-century modernity. Though influenced by the 'transnational' and 'transatlantic' circulation of fascist ideology, emblematic of modernity at the time, Vargas and his collaborators' project of nacional-desenvolvimentismo incorporated the Italian Carta del Lavoro, shorn of its totalitarian framework, into comprehensive social legislation to respond to the challenges of modernization and the rise of mass society. It is reductive to speak of the Brazilian project as a 'copy' tout court of Fascist corporatism, because the rigid statist dirigisme of the Italian model was adapted to a particular national project, which guaranteed certain fundamental social rights and adapted corporatism in a context different from Italy between the World Wars.

American Exceptionalism?
  • Nationalization and Polarization in Fifteen Democracies
  • Frederik Hjorth, Daniel J. Hopkins, Gall Olle Sigler
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    September 2026
    Print publication:
    30 September 2026
  • In recent decades, US voting has not only polarized but also nationalized: state-level voting choices increasingly reflect national allegiances. Such cross-level nationalization can undermine accountability. Yet understanding its sources – and whether it is distinctively American – requires comparative data. The authors assemble a novel data set linking 146,934 subnational and national election returns across 14 European and American democracies over several decades, supplemented with surveys. They find that nationalization has been steady and high for decades in most countries; the US is an outlier only in having nationalized recently. Their findings challenge monocausal explanations emphasizing media or public opinion. Instead, greater subnational authority and stronger subnational attachments predict lower nationalization. They also uncover ties between nationalization and affective polarization. More polarized voters are more likely to cast congruent ballots, though at the country level this link is driven by the US. This title is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Being Greek in the Greek World

Being Greek in the Greek World
Nomads in Ancient Egypt and Nubia

Nomads in Ancient Egypt and Nubia
  • Julien Cooper
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    September 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • Nomads were a frequent fixture in the ancient landscapes of Northeast Africa and the Nile basin. Maligned by ancient riverine cultures and ignored by many historians, the nomads of ancient Egypt and Nubia comprise diverse groups of people for whom the desert was their home and herding was a way of life. This Element traces the lives of different ancient nomadic groups across Egypt and Sudan, from the Medjay to the Libyans, from Blemmyes to Saracens. Sketching out approaches from texts and archaeology, this synthesis explores issues related to nomads' mobility, social organisation and their complex relationship with urban states. This Element demonstrates that a holistic picture of ancient Northeast Africa and the states of Egypt and Nubia requires a proper appraisal of nomads and their society.
Spirit

Spirit
  • Paul S. Fiddes
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    September 2026
    Print publication:
    30 September 2026
  • The Element begins by surveying the image of spirit within Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It explores the duality between the experience of spirit 'from beyond' and spirit 'within', and finds a consistency in the idea of spirit as the presence and activity of God in the world. Attention is given to the image of spirit as an 'overflow' in Islam and late Judaism. Moving into discussion of a dialectic between 'spirit' and 'letter', or spirit and written text, gives a context for investigating the place of spirit in the New Testament, modern romanticism and idealism, and finally in the late-modern protest against structures of spirit. Finally, the development of spirit into the 'Holy Spirit' of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity is considered, arguing that an experience of spirit as an inexhaustible relation and flow of love will oppose forces of domination in human life.
GIS and Predictive Modelling

GIS and Predictive Modelling
  • Jessie Birkett-Rees, Bruno David, Russell Mullett, Joanna Fresløv, Brent D. Suttie, David M. Kennedy, Jean-Jacques Delannoy, GunaiKurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    September 2026
    Print publication:
    30 September 2026
  • GIS and Predictive Modelling introduces the roles of GIS-based predictive modelling of archaeological landscapes. The Element outlines the conceptual frameworks that inform GIS and predictive modelling, and presents the organisational structures and types of information that are typically used to build GIS and predictive models. To illustrate the key issues, we integrate GIS layers of cultural and environmental information in a novel case study from a coastal landscape in Gunai/Kurnai Country, southeastern Australia. We then apply predictive modelling to the study region, to examine the likely effects of predicted sea level rise on archaeological sites and landscapes along the Bass Strait coast and the shores of the Gippsland Lakes.

Page 2 of 138