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2523 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 7 of 127

Problems of God in Descartes

Problems of God in Descartes
  • C. P. Ragland
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • This Element discusses the roles played by the idea of God in René Descartes' epistemology, physics, and metaphysics, and problems arising from those roles. Section 1 gives an overview of Descartes' life, works, and reception, focusing on the extent to which he is a religious or a secular thinker. Section 2 focuses on the problem of the Cartesian circle generated by his claim that all human knowledge depends on knowledge of God. Section 3 explains the role of God in Descartes' physics and addresses problems concerning how God's causal activity relates to that of creatures, including how divine providence fits with human freedom and how voluntary bodily actions are consistent with the laws of nature. Section 4 explores Descartes' claim that God freely created the eternal truths, noting its implications for his theory of modality.
The Problem of God in Alvin Plantinga

The Problem of God in Alvin Plantinga
  • James Beilby
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Alvin Plantinga is a noted American analytic philosopher who has written in the areas of philosophy of religion, metaphysics, epistemology, and apologetics. Plantinga's Christian commitments are a crucial part of his philosophical work since nearly all of Plantinga's writings have focused on explaining and defending Christian beliefs. He argues that there is no objection or set of objections that shows that Christianity is epistemically lacking, and as such, Christians can be fully rational, justified, and warranted in their religious beliefs. This Element discusses his work as a whole, and focuses on his contributions on the problem of evil, religious knowledge, science and religion, and Christian philosophy.
Dualities in Physics

Dualities in Physics
  • Sebastian De Haro, Enrico Cinti
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • For more than half a century, dualities have been at the heart of modern physics. From quantum mechanics to statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity, dualities have proven useful in solving problems that are otherwise quite intractable. Being surprising and unexpected, dualities have been taken to raise philosophical questions about the nature and formulation of scientific theories, scientific realism, emergence, symmetries, explanation, understanding, and theory construction. This Element discusses what dualities are, gives a selection of examples, explores the themes and roles that make dualities interesting, and highlights their most salient types. It aims to be an entry point into discussions of dualities in both physics and philosophy. The philosophical discussion emphasises three main topics: whether duals are theoretically equivalent, the view of scientific theories that is suggested by dualities (namely, a geometric view of theories) and the compatibility between duality and emergence.
Aristotelian Ontological Priority and Metaphysical Grounding

Aristotelian Ontological Priority and Metaphysical Grounding
  • Bryan C. Reece
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Many think that reality is structured such that some beings are more fundamental than others and characterize this structure in terms of “grounding.” Grounding is typically regarded as explanatory and as exhibiting certain order-theoretic properties: asymmetry, irreflexivity, and transitivity. Aristotle's notion of ontological priority, which inspired discussions of grounding, also has these features. This Element clarifies Aristotle's discussions of ontological priority, explores how it relates to other kinds of priority, and identifies important connections to metaphysical grounding. Aristotle provides numerous examples that appear to impugn ontological priority's order-theoretic coherence. This is Aristotle's “Priority Problem.” But Aristotle has an independently motivated solution that eliminates the threat from each of the apparently problematic examples and explains why such examples are ubiquitous. The Element argues that a ground-theoretic analog of Aristotle's solution to the Priority Problem addresses recent challenges to grounding. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Protests and Radicalization in the Digital Age

Protests and Radicalization in the Digital Age
  • The Reopen Movement
  • Jeremy Menchik, Samuel Bazzi, Clara Martiny, Pujan Paudel, Seth Soderborg, Gianluca Stringhini
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • This Element provides the first large-scale inquiry into the 'Reopen' protest movement against COVID-19 public health shutdowns. We synthesize digital ethnography inside the movement with text analyses of an original data set spanning more than 1.8 million Facebook comments and posts from over 224,000 online activists. We characterize the movement's origin, growth, and evolution as it interacted with public policies and offline protests. We explain individual- and group-level dynamics of radicalization over time, across topics, and, paradoxically, in response to content moderation. We extend existing theories of contentious politics to suggest that movements that fail to maintain their connection to offline organizations are especially prone to mutability, radicalization, and exhaustion. Together, our findings offer a powerful theoretical framework for understanding social movements in the digital age, while updating and extending classical social movement theory.
Heidegger’s Phenomenology

Heidegger’s Phenomenology
  • James Kinkaid
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • This Element is an opinionated introduction to Heidegger's phenomenology in Being and Time and surrounding works, framed in terms of Heidegger's debts to and divergence from Husserl's phenomenology. Section 1 situates Heidegger's and Husserl's phenomenology with respect to the 'identity-crisis of philosophy,' in particular the debate over whether philosophy is a science or a mere cataloguing of worldviews. Section 2 critically evaluates Heidegger's claims that various forms of conscious intentionality central to Husserl's phenomenology are 'derivative' or 'founded.' Section 3 turns to method, exploring whether Heidegger adopts Husserl's reductions, platonism, and method of essential seeing and imaginative variation. Section 4 explores Heidegger's hermeneutical turn in phenomenology and explains the uses to which he puts religious sources, mythology, and ordinary language.

Heidegger and Aristotle
  • Francisco J. Gonzalez
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Since Heidegger's reading of Aristotle covered three decades and presented itself in many courses, seminars, and essays, some still unpublished, one objective here is to provide a much needed and currently unavailable overview of this material. This Element seeks to determine what Heidegger's reading can tell us not only about Aristotle but also about Heidegger whose own thought was in many ways a 'repetition' of Aristotle. However, the ultimate aim is to identify the philosophical questions raised by 'Heidegger and Aristotle' and show how this can help us grapple with them. These questions include the distinctive way of being that defines life, the nature of time and specifically lived time, the nature of being itself and whether it is to be understood as static presence or as something more active, the nature of human action and its relation to production, and the relation between nature and technology.
Constructions, Networks and Linguistic Change

Constructions, Networks and Linguistic Change
  • Graeme Trousdale, Elizabeth Closs Traugott
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • The topic of linguistic networks unites different frameworks in cognitive linguistics. This Element explores two approaches to networks, specifically Construction Grammar of the Goldberg variety and Word Grammar as developed by Hudson, and how they inform work on language change. Both are usage-based theories, but while the basic units of Construction Grammar are conventionalized form-meaning pairings gathered in a construct-i-con, the basic units of Word Grammar are words in dependency and other relations. Construction Grammar allows for schematic, hierarchized abstract generalizations attributable to social groups, whereas Word Grammar focuses on relations at the micro-level and attributable primarily to individuals. Consequences of the differences are discussed with reference to perspectives on the diachronic development of causal connectives in English, especially because.
Civil and Uncivil Disobedience

Civil and Uncivil Disobedience
  • Candice Delmas
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • What is wrong with disobedience? What makes an act of disobedience civil or uncivil? Under what conditions can an act of civil or uncivil disobedience be justified? Can a liberal democratic regime tolerate (un)civil disobedience? This Element book presents the main answers that philosophers and activist-thinkers have offered to these questions. It is organized in 3 parts: Part I presents the main philosophical accounts of civil disobedience that liberal political philosophers and democratic theorists have developed and then conceptualizes uncivil disobedience. Part II examines the origins of disobedience in the praxis of activist-thinkers: Henry David Thoreau on civil resistance, anarchists on direct action, and Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. on nonviolence. Part III takes up the question of violence in defensive action, the requirement that disobedients accept legal sanctions, and the question of whether uncivil disobedience is counterproductive and undermines civic bonds.
Revisiting Globalization

Revisiting Globalization
  • Southeast Asia in the Global Factory
  • Prema-chandra Athukorala, Hal Christopher Hill
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • One of the most significant innovations in international industrial organization over the past half-century has been the vertical disintegration of production, with different stages carried out in different countries-a process widely known as the Global Manufacturing Value Chain (GMVC). Trade based on global production sharing within GMVC has been the primary driver behind the dramatic shift in world manufacturing exports from developed to developing countries. However, there are growing concerns in policy circles about whether the GMVC is beginning to lose momentum. This study examines this issue with reference to Southeast Asian countries, which serve as an ideal laboratory for such an analysis. Engagement in GMVC has played a major role in the economic dynamism of these countries, although their levels of participation vary significantly. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Digital Multilingualism and Platform Governance

Digital Multilingualism and Platform Governance
  • Janny H. C. Leung
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • As custodians of global public discourse today, transnational tech platforms govern who may speak, to whom, and how. While they have helped document and revitalize minoritized languages and connect diasporic communities, they also make language-related decisions that can disproportionately disadvantage speakers of those languages. On platforms like Facebook, non-English users navigate a linguistic environment where content moderation is often severely under-resourced compared to that available to English speakers. They may not receive warnings about disinformation or disturbing content, may not be told about what rules apply, and may have their content wrongly removed – or violating content left untouched – because neither human moderators nor automated systems can understand their language. This Element examines forms of global linguistic justice that platforms create and reproduce, highlighting a critical yet underexplored dimension of structural inequality in contemporary platform governance. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Monetary Policy Implementation
  • Stephen Williamson
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Monetary policy implementation refers to the mechanism for interbank payments, the set of administered interest rates, and the strategy for central bank actions designed to achieve an intermediate monetary policy goal – for example a target for an overnight nominal interest rate. This piece shows the implications of the Poole model – a common framework used to articulate ideas about monetary policy implementation – for corridor and floor systems of monetary policy implementation. A general equilibrium Poole-type dynamic model is also studied, which shows where Poole-type analysis can go wrong. Given current interest in how large central bank balance sheets and floor systems matter, the author also analyzes a general equilibrium model of quantitative easing and discusses issues with quantitative easing and monetary policy.
Emotions on Our Screens

Emotions on Our Screens
  • Talbot M. Andrews, Lauren P. Olson, Yanna Krupnikov
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • While scholars have long considered how political messages make people feel, changes in the media environment have given people unprecedented access to the expressed emotions of others. Through both contemporary news stories and social media, people now learn how others – often strangers – feel about political events. Do people believe in the sincerity of these expressed emotions? To answer this question, we turn to expressions about one of the most pressing issues of our time: climate change. We begin with a theoretic framework of the way people perceive mediated emotional expression. Then, across six pre-registered experiments, we find people are generally skeptical of others' emotional expression – perceiving emotional posts and quotes less authentic and appropriate than more neutral content. While evaluations vary by platform, our results suggest that emotions online aren't always taken at face value – complicating the role of these expressed emotions in political communication.
Stillbirth

Stillbirth
  • Uma M. Reddy, Christy Gandhi
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    31 March 2026
  • Stillbirth, especially unpredicted losses in the antepartum period defined as intrauterine fetal demise after twenty weeks gestation, remains sadly a too common event during pregnancy. Dr. Gandhi and Professor Reddy detail the epidemiology and review the impact of proactive interventions both in preparation for and during pregnancy to lower stillbirth rates. The clinical management of a pregnancy affected by this tragedy. The authors address a growing understanding of causes seen clinically and those unseen (e.g. genetic abnormalities, viral infection, fetal hypoxia in a normally grown fetus, etc). The detailed approach to stillbirth during the index pregnancy seeks to maximize the discovery of the underlying causes to provide solace to the grieving family and to prepare for any additions to prenatal care for any subsequent pregnancies.
Dialogue in Amerta Movement

Dialogue in Amerta Movement
  • Emma Meehan, Samsul Maarif
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Dialogue is often understood as the verbal interaction between different people or groups. This Element reconceptualises dialogue through dance and somatic practices, foregrounding sensory relationality and responsiveness to the environment. Rather than centring conflict between specific 'actors', it evolves a framework for dialogue as a holistic system of embodied exchange. This Element focuses on Amerta Movement – a free-form style of dance developed by Javanese dance artist Suprapto Suryodarmo (Prapto) through transcultural practice – to explore how movement facilitates dialogue with oneself, the environment, other people, and wider communities. Drawing on fieldwork and practice in Indonesia, the authors analyse the work of seven performing artists who engage with Amerta Movement in their workshops and performances. This Element considers how such movement practices cultivate conditions for interreligious and intercultural dialogue, while contributing to debates on social cohesion and social justice. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Craftwork in Small-Scale Societies of the Central European Bronze Age

Craftwork in Small-Scale Societies of the Central European Bronze Age
  • Justyna Baron
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • The Element examines various facets of craftwork in small-scale societies that thrived in much of Central Europe during the Bronze Age (2300–800 BCE). These societies exhibited distinct structures and types of social bonds that formed the social and spatial backdrop for craft practices. Since most Bronze Age villages were inhabited by small groups, all forms of crafting were at least partially communal, fostering the exchange of experiences, skills, and knowledge both within and across different production areas. The public nature of crafting practices also encouraged discussions about applied tools, methods, skills, and the quality of the final products. The author explores overarching questions about communication and knowledge transfer within and beyond small groups, drawing on archaeological and ethnographic data. This includes considerations of standardization, personalization, imitation, seasonality, and cross-crafting. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
How Settlers Shaped Eastern Europe and Scandinavia

How Settlers Shaped Eastern Europe and Scandinavia
  • Economic Development, Regime Change, and State Formation, 800–1800
  • Jonathan Stavnskær Doucette
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • This Element argues that settlers from Western Europe shaped European state formation and transformed the political and economic fate of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia between 800 and 1800. While existing work on European colonization focuses on overseas settlers, and studies of Europe's development tend to concentrate on the continent's western regions, the Element highlights a significant internal wave of settlement from Western to Eastern and Northern Europe. Beginning around 1100 and tapering off after 1400, this settler movement spurred economic development and the spread of local self-government across Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. Settlers also provided institutional templates that local rulers adapted in their efforts to build states. These rulers were increasingly compelled to bargain with politically autonomous and large cities. Over time, the emergence of new states in Eastern Europe intensified geopolitical competition across the continent.
Abandoning Democracy for the Nation

Abandoning Democracy for the Nation
  • Filip Milacic
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • This Element contributes to a better understanding of the burning question of why voters support politicians who subvert democracy. Instead of focusing on the usual explanations such as polarization or populism, the Element breaks new ground by focusing on the interplay between democracy and nationalism. By relying on the experiences of five countries (Serbia, Poland, Hungary, Israel, and Turkey) and using exclusive data obtained through surveys and interviews with actors involved, the Element answers three key questions: (1) How the subversion of democracy in the name of the nation unfolds, (2) Why many voters acquiesce to the subversion of democracy by nationalist elites, and (3) What matters in resisting the attacks on democracy with nationalist appeals. The answers to these questions reconcile demand-side and supply-side findings on democratic backsliding and shed new light on how to fight back more successfully.
Building Capacity for Public Engagement on Solar Geoengineering

Building Capacity for Public Engagement on Solar Geoengineering
  • Sikina Jinnah, Zachary Dove, Shuchi Talati, Erika Check Hayden, Alice Siu, Mahmud Farooque
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Solar geoengineering (SG) is a set of highly controversial emerging technologies proposed to address climate change by reflecting sunlight away from the planet to reduce temperatures. SG may reduce climate risks, however it also presents novel risks, uncertainties, and challenges, necessitating broad and inclusive public engagement. This Element presents a briefing book and methods toolkit to build capacity for public engagement on SG. Part I of the Element explains the need to build capacity to enable public engagement on solar geoengineering, and presents three methods for doing so: capacity building workshops, participatory Technology Assessment, and Deliberative Polling. Part II presents a briefing book that provides accessible, balanced, and evidence-based information on critical topics including climate science, climate policy, SG science, SG governance and policy, and SG ethics and justice. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Gothic Dementia

Gothic Dementia
  • Troubled Minds in Gothic Timelines
  • Laura R. Kremmel
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    March 2026
    Print publication:
    30 April 2026
  • Gothic Dementia: Troubled Minds in Gothic Timelines introduces Gothic studies as a valuable lens through which to critically consider how we think about dementia. It argues that the Gothic's foundational narrative techniques can model approaches to similar dementia symptoms, such as chronological confusion, fragmentation, cyclical storytelling, repetition, unreliable narrators, unstable identities, uncanny behaviours, and Otherness. If we can navigate these challenging narrative elements in literature, can we navigate similar challenging dementia signs using interpretive strategies? Gothic Dementia considers this question in two ways: (1) through Gothic literary elements that correlate to characteristics of dementia and (2) through contentious horror film depictions of characters with dementia and their caregivers. Reading Gothic works and horror films within the context of dementia studies—and vice versa—can contribute valuable insights into a feared disease that threatens the core of who we imagine ourselves and others to be.

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