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2605 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 9 of 131

Degrees of Academic Librarians

Degrees of Academic Librarians
  • The Case for Capacious Credentialing
  • Bryn Geffert
  • Published online:
    07 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • It is difficult to name a question more contentious than the question of credentialing for academic librarians. This Element attempts three things. First, to understand how today's US research libraries approach credentialing and hiring. Which assumptions, practices, and arguments for those practices do they make? The study evaluates those practices and rationale both quantitatively-How many people adopt which positions and practices based on which assumptions?-and qualitatively-How compelling are the arguments for their respective positions? The qualitative element feeds into this essay's second effort: to argue, based on evidence offered, that more traditional and restrictive practices hamper and hobble the profession. The third section-derived from follow-up interviews with deans at libraries with liberalized credentialing and hiring practices-chronicles and draws lessons from libraries at the forefront of reform, and then offers advice to libraries examining their own hiring practices. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Small Groups as the Engines of Cultural Evolution

Small Groups as the Engines of Cultural Evolution
  • Nina Witoszek
  • Published online:
    06 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • This Element explores the evolutionary role of small groups as key actors in shaping human adaptability, resilience, and societal development. Drawing on cultural evolutionary theory and interdisciplinary scholarship, it illuminates the world-making and transformative capacities of small groups as primary agents of cooperative communication, cultural innovation, and transmission. Through historical and contemporary case studies from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, it examines how small groups function both as catalysts for moral imagination, cooperation, and democratic renewal, and as drivers of destructive ideologies and social disintegration. The study also reassesses the relevance of evolutionary insights for addressing the major crises of the twenty-first century. By critically engaging with foundational thinkers and ongoing debates on democratic and institutional innovation, this Element offers insights for scholars, policymakers, and civic actors committed to empowering communities and countering authoritarian regression.
Opera Remixed

Opera Remixed
  • Toby Young
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    May 2026
    Print publication:
    30 June 2026
  • Opera Remixed critically examines operatic hybridity and considers the opportunities and challenges of disrupting traditional paradigms of classical singing. Accounts of crossover forms like 'popera' and musical theatre explore alternative approaches to operatic vocality, examining how entrenched genre ideologies are challenged by creative agents, practices, and technologies at work near opera's borders. To illustrate these dynamics, the second half of the Element presents a case study of operatic arias reimagined for TikTok as one possible blueprint for how opera might embrace innovation and 'remix' itself for a contemporary audience. Opera Remixed concludes with a critique of the elitist traditions that hinder opera's capacity for renewal, arguing that the art form will only be able to embrace a truly inclusive future by relinquishing constraints of canonical purity.
Psychology of Religion, Spirituality, and the Thriving Family

Psychology of Religion, Spirituality, and the Thriving Family
  • Gina M. Brelsford, Jennifer S. Ripley
  • Published online:
    05 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • Religion and spirituality in the family is a burgeoning field of inquiry. This Element begins by providing basic definitions, theoretical underpinnings, and common assessments of religion and spirituality (R/S) within the family. The authors also examine individuals' religious and spiritual (R/S) landscapes in relation to family functioning, and then consider positive psychology dimensions such as gratitude, humility, compassion, and forgiveness within the context of family members' religiousness and spirituality. Finally, interventions focused on R/S in the family unit and children's medical complications in relation to R/S factors and familial functioning are discussed. Conclusions include recommendations for future research and clinical practice to support families via an R/S lens.
Divine Simplicity

Divine Simplicity
  • Thomas H. McCall
  • Published online:
    05 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • The doctrine of divine simplicity is an important element of major monotheistic religions; not only Islamic and Jewish but also Christian theologians have affirmed and defended the doctrine. However, the historic doctrine is the subject of intense debate within these traditions. Historic expressions of the doctrine are surveyed, important objections are considered, and arguments in favor of the doctrine are summarized.
Aristotelian Ontological Priority and Metaphysical Grounding

Aristotelian Ontological Priority and Metaphysical Grounding
  • Bryan C. Reece
  • Published online:
    05 May 2026
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    04 June 2026
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  • Many think that reality is structured such that some beings are more fundamental than others and characterize this structure in terms of 'grounding.' Grounding is typically regarded as explanatory and as exhibiting certain order-theoretic properties: asymmetry, irreflexivity, and transitivity. Aristotle's notion of ontological priority, which inspired discussions of grounding, also has these features. This Element clarifies Aristotle's discussions of ontological priority, explores how it relates to other kinds of priority, and identifies important connections to metaphysical grounding. Aristotle provides numerous examples that appear to impugn ontological priority's order-theoretic coherence. This is Aristotle's 'Priority Problem.' But Aristotle has an independently motivated solution that eliminates the threat from each of the apparently problematic examples and explains why such examples are ubiquitous. The Element argues that a ground-theoretic analog of Aristotle's solution to the Priority Problem addresses recent challenges to grounding.
Decoloniality in Multilingual University Spaces

Decoloniality in Multilingual University Spaces
  • Sarah Hopkyns
  • Published online:
    05 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • This Element explores multilingual university spaces and decoloniality, critically examining how coloniality and neoliberalism intersect. While neoliberal language policies aim to equip students with English as a 'lingua academia', critical issues relating to students' translingual identities and belonging are often overlooked. Empirical data are shared from a linguistic landscape study involving a walking ethnography of a university educationscape in the United Arab Emirates, whereby Emirati students share insights on signage and spaces as 'intertextual products' connected to (un)belonging. Data are analysed through thematic and nexus analysis with main themes including the dominance of English, imbalanced bilingualism, bottom-up translanguaging, everyday nationalism, and sticky places and objects. Findings are discussed in relation to the study setting and other global contexts. The Element closes with practical suggestions on decolonising action relevant to a range of multilingual university spaces and future research directions.
Dualities in Physics

Dualities in Physics
  • Sebastian De Haro, Enrico Cinti
  • Published online:
    05 May 2026
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    04 June 2026
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  • For more than half a century, dualities have been at the heart of modern physics. From quantum mechanics to statistical mechanics, condensed matter physics, quantum field theory and quantum gravity, dualities have proven useful in solving problems that are otherwise quite intractable. Being surprising and unexpected, dualities have been taken to raise philosophical questions about the nature and formulation of scientific theories, scientific realism, emergence, symmetries, explanation, understanding, and theory construction. This Element discusses what dualities are, gives a selection of examples, explores the themes and roles that make dualities interesting, and highlights their most salient types. It aims to be an entry point into discussions of dualities in both physics and philosophy. The philosophical discussion emphasises three main topics: whether duals are theoretically equivalent, the view of scientific theories that is suggested by dualities (namely, a geometric view of theories) and the compatibility between duality and emergence.
Indian Public Opinion toward the Major Powers

Indian Public Opinion toward the Major Powers
  • Aidan Milliff, Paul Staniland
  • Published online:
    04 May 2026
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    21 May 2026
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  • How has Indian public opinion toward the United States, China, and Russia/USSR evolved from the 1950s to the present and to what extent does it shape foreign policy? This Element assembles and analyzes more than sixty years of survey data, including newly recovered United States Information Agency–funded polls from the Indian Institute of Public Opinion as well as contemporary nationally representative surveys from Pew, Gallup, and others. The authors use the data to examine long-run trends, short-term reactions to shocks, and the domestic cleavages that structure opinion. They argue that Indian public attitudes are more coherent and responsive to international events than commonly assumed, yet are unequally voiced across socioeconomic groups. The findings speak both to India-specific debates about democracy and foreign policy and to broader international relations theories of public opinion, accountability, and major power politics.
Theories, Models, and Metaphors in the Historiography of Christian Origins

Theories, Models, and Metaphors in the Historiography of Christian Origins
  • Adele Reinhartz
  • Published online:
    04 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • This Element focuses on the historiography of Christian origins from the mid-19th century to the present. It argues that this historiography is shaped by two factors: the theories and ideas that prevailed in the historians' own eras; and the views about Jews and Judaism in predominantly Christian societies. In the mid-19th century, the Great Man theory, developed by Thomas Carlyle, fostered debates about which Great Man - Jesus or Paul - founded Christianity. In the late 19th century, evolutionary theory, especially as developed by Charles Darwin, helped shape narratives about the evolution of Christianity out of, or away from, Judaism. After 1945, Holocaust theory prompted historians to reconsider the implicit and explicit anti-Judaism of earlier views. From the late 20th century to the present, postmodern theory challenged metanarratives and binaries – such as Judaism/Christianity – and the very attempt to arrive at a comprehensive and linear account of Christian origins.
Using Generative AI in Historical Practice

Using Generative AI in Historical Practice
  • Yaniv Fox
  • Published online:
    04 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • 'Using Generative AI in Historical Practice' argues that generative models are reshaping historical scholarship. Rejecting medium - and long -term speculation, it focuses on near-term practice: how historians can use AI now to augment their research through context-aware dialogue, semantic search, network visualization, multimodal source analysis, and code-assisted workflows. It details methods for context management, task design, and response structure, while warning against cognitive offloading and model bias. While it offers a variety of novel methodologies, the book insists on the indispensability of human agency and taste. Case studies range from Augustine of Hippo to early cinematography, demonstrating the possibilities and limits of generative AI. It concludes with a call to historians to engage with the technology critically and productively, reimagining AI-assisted scholarship without surrendering disciplinary standards and aims.
Thinking Traumatic Histories

Thinking Traumatic Histories
  • Zachary Riebeling
  • Published online:
    04 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • This Element investigates the challenges and possibilities of writing histories of trauma. Interpreting trauma as not only an event but also as an analytical framework and an apparatus for working on suffering, it explores how the historiography of trauma intersects with pressing matters of postcolonialism, historical subjectivity, and modernity. It is designed to illuminate the pressing theoretical matters that histories of trauma touch upon, whether explicitly or implicitly. Drawing from histories of trauma as well as foundational theoretical work in literary studies and memory studies, it argues that thinking traumatic histories requires a commitment on the part of historians to theoretical self-reflexivity, to querying not just the past or the archive for the traces of trauma, but the concept itself in its historical and historiographical modulations.
Humanistic Management and Leadership

Humanistic Management and Leadership
  • Michael Pirson
  • Published online:
    04 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • This Element outlines the foundational concepts and key applications of humanistic management and leadership. It focuses on the key concepts of protecting dignity and promoting well-being. It provides a humanistically grounded, scientifically backed paradigm for better organizing at the level of individual, relation, team, organization, society and nature. It provides real world examples of organizations and companies that practice humanistic management and leadership and create outstanding value for all stakeholders.
Forensic Linguistics in Indonesia

Forensic Linguistics in Indonesia
  • Origins, Progress, and Prospects
  • R. Dian Dia-an Muniroh, E. Aminudin Aziz
  • Published online:
    04 May 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • This Element examines the origins, development, and prospects of forensic linguistics in Indonesia, drawing on a survey of 53 participants and a systematic review of studies from 2011 to 2023. Emerging from early language-related cases in the Old Order era and initially driven by scholars trained abroad, the field has grown through research, collaboration, and academic integration. Key topics include justice sector needs, linguistic diversity, standardization, and institutional strengthening. Despite limited capacity-building, training initiatives have enhanced the field's visibility. The Element outlines challenges and opportunities for advancing forensic linguistics' role in legal reform and fair justice, making it a valuable reference for scholars and practitioners.
Language and Script in Achaemenid and Hellenistic Central Asia

Language and Script in Achaemenid and Hellenistic Central Asia
  • Rachel Mairs
  • Published online:
    01 May 2026
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    14 May 2026
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  • This Element examines – for the first time in a single volume – the written evidence from the 'Far East' of the Hellenistic world (Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Gandhara). It examines how successive invaders of this region, from Persia, Greece and India, left their linguistic and textual mark. It reviews the surviving Hellenistic-period written material from archaeological sites in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan in Aramaic, Greek and Prakrit.
Breaking or Building Bridges?

Breaking or Building Bridges?
  • The Trade Story of the MENA Region
  • Fida Karam, Chahir Zaki
  • Published online:
    30 April 2026
    Print publication:
    04 June 2026
  • This Element presents the main characteristics of international trade in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by analyzing whether its trade policy managed to build or break bridges among MENA countries and with the rest of the world. Its objective is threefold. First, it provides an overview of trade theories from the MENA region perspective. Second, it analyzes the main trends and features of trade flows and trade policies. Third, it shows how trade policies had different development outcomes related to gender, informal employment, and the composition of labor demand. The main findings show that trade policies and domestic characteristics explain the relatively poor performance of trade flows in most of the diversified MENA economies. Also, the MENA region is highly affected by world business cycles given that this region is the largest exporter of oil. Finally, development outcomes still need to be streamlined within trade policies.
Abandoning Democracy for the Nation

Abandoning Democracy for the Nation
  • Filip Milacic
  • Published online:
    30 April 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • This Element contributes to a better understanding of the burning question of why voters support politicians who subvert democracy. Instead of focusing on the usual explanations such as polarization or populism, the Element breaks new ground by focusing on the interplay between democracy and nationalism. By relying on the experiences of five countries (Serbia, Poland, Hungary, Israel, and Turkey) and using exclusive data obtained through surveys and interviews with actors involved, the Element answers three key questions: (1) How the subversion of democracy in the name of the nation unfolds, (2) Why many voters acquiesce to the subversion of democracy by nationalist elites, and (3) What matters in resisting the attacks on democracy with nationalist appeals. The answers to these questions reconcile demand-side and supply-side findings on democratic backsliding and shed new light on how to fight back more successfully.
Muslim Theological Encounters with Science

Muslim Theological Encounters with Science
  • Kaleidoscopes of Knowledge Over Time
  • Ebrahim Moosa
  • Published online:
    30 April 2026
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    28 May 2026
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  • Muslim Theological Encounters with Science dismantles the 'Islamic decline' narrative by showing how science and theology have long coexisted in Muslim civilization. Premodern thinkers navigated enduring tensions between reason and revelation, ensuring that intellectual disagreement fostered growth rather than hostility. Modern friction between science and Muslim theology-driven by colonialism, limited scientific literacy, and the absence of a science-attuned common sense among theologians-has often, though not exclusively, stemmed from adherence to outdated theological models. The author proposes a 'symphonic and braided' framework for relating science and theology, treating them as distinct yet complementary languages of meaning-making. Cultivating humility and imagination emerges as essential to human understanding. By avoiding the trap of forced convergence, this framework allows science to explain the 'how' while theology addresses the 'why,' together weaving a more complex and resilient pursuit of the truth. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Who Follows Whom?

Who Follows Whom?
  • The Role of Geography and Similarity in Online Attention Networks
  • Alexi Quintana-Mathé, Zhen Guo, Nir Grinberg, David Lazer
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 June 2026
  • Follower ties play a major role in many social media platforms, representing users' choices on what content to pay attention to. This Element examines the role of geography and similarity by gender, age, race, and partisanship with respect to attention in social media by studying the follower ties among 1.1 million Twitter accounts matched to U.S. voter records. We find that geographic proximity is the dominant predictor of follower ties, and that demographic similarity by age and race/ethnicity are quite important. Surprisingly, given the prominence of political polarization in the contemporary US, partisanship plays a relatively minor role. In addition, our results indicate that the tendency to follow nearby users leads to following users of the same race/ethnicity and partisanship. Our findings highlight the enduring significance of physical geography in virtual spaces and that political preference is not a dominant determinant of online attention in social media.
The Spatial Dimension In Environmental and Resource Economics

The Spatial Dimension In Environmental and Resource Economics
  • William Brock, Anastasios Xepapadeas
  • Published online:
    29 April 2026
    Print publication:
    30 June 2026
  • Although the spatial dimension is embedded in most issues studied by environmental and resource economics, its incorporation into economic models is not widespread. As a result, significant aspects of important problems remain hidden, which could lead to policy failures. This Element fills this gap by exploring how space can be integrated into environmental and resource economics. The emergence of spatial patterns in economic models through Turing's mechanism is explained and an extension of Pontryagin's maximum principle under spatial dynamics is provided. Examples of the use of spatial dynamics serve to illustrate why space matters in environmental policy design. Moreover, the differentiation of policy when spatial transport mechanisms are considered is made clear. The tools presented, along with their applications, provide foundations for future research in spatial environmental and resource economics in which the underlying spatial dimension – which is very real – is fully taken into account.

Page 9 of 131