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2755 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 11 of 138

The Senses

The Senses
  • Perception and Experience
  • A. S. Barwich
  • Published online:
    29 June 2026
    Print publication:
    06 August 2026
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  • This Element launches a broadside against the visual-centric approach that has dominated philosophical and scientific discourse about the senses. Considering the variety and breadth of sensory experiences, from the deceptively familiar territories of smell and taste to the frequently overlooked experience of touch and interoceptive processes, it challenges us to rethink the philosophical bedrock of our theories of mind. It advocates a shift towards a more multi-modal and embodied approach that values biological realities and cross-cultural insights. It analyses traditional criteria for classifying sensory modalities and examines how sensory augmentation technologies provide insight for theories of perception by virtue of sensorimotor learning. The Element also highlights the disconnect between current scientific advancements and philosophical inquiry, suggesting that refocusing on the senses more broadly defined, especially on kinesthetic experiences, illuminates new paths through the thorny 'hard problem' of consciousness. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Republishing Postwar Experimental Novels by Women

Republishing Postwar Experimental Novels by Women
  • The Case of Ann Quin
  • Leigh Wilson
  • Published online:
    29 June 2026
    Print publication:
    23 July 2026
  • Innovative novels by women published in the UK in the 1950s and 1960s have returned with a vengeance in the last decade. They have reappeared in bookshops, they have been the subject of academic work, of newspaper articles and radio programmes. Feminist critical work is likely to see this return through the trope of recovery; those interested in publishing are likely to use Pierre Bourdieu's model of 'restricted production'. This Element argues that both of these temporal models are problematic. That these novelists have not been fully present in literary culture till now is the fault neither of 'forgetting' nor the time lag inherent in restricted production, but of the specific and complex structures, dynamics and assumptions of publishing. By focusing the publishing and republishing of the work of Ann Quin (1936–1973), this Element remakes the feminist critical landscape for work on novelists from the past and on publishing.
Heuristic Inference and the Left-Right

Heuristic Inference and the Left-Right
  • An Experimental Analysis of How Voters Form Their Left-Right Images of Parties
  • Seonghui Lee, Lie Philip Santoso, Randolph Stevenson
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    30 July 2026
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  • How do voters form left–right images of political parties? This Element applies the theoretical framework of ecologically rational heuristic inference to synthesize insights from the extensive literature on the meaning of left and right in politics. It proposes several hypotheses about cues that voters with varying levels of political sophistication use to infer parties' left–right positions. These expectations are tested through seven conjoint and factorial survey experiments in Germany, Denmark, Canada, and the UK. Findings show that many voters develop sensible left–right perceptions of parties by relying on small sets of highly predictive cues. However, voters differ in how they interpret these cues. Less politically sophisticated voters tend to infer party positions mainly from partisan signals, whereas more sophisticated voters rely on a broader range of indicators, including party policies, ideological values, and social group support. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Existential-Spiritual Psychotherapy

Existential-Spiritual Psychotherapy
  • Stephanie Winkeljohn Black, Elena E. Kim
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • This Element introduces the Existential-Spiritual Psychotherapy framework as a promising clinical and research tool and then integrates it with the three pillars of the Multicultural Orientation framework. Section 1 presents Existential-Spiritual Psychotherapy by exploring how spirituality and religion intersect with existentialism and how all three relate to psychotherapy, psychological symptoms, well-being, and flourishing. Section 2 details the Existential-Spiritual Narrative as a roadmap that offers a process framework and introduces the integration of dynamic and culturally sensitive symbols. Section 3 explores existential-spiritual comfort, encouraging therapists' self-awareness around spiritual themes. Section 4 identifies common existential-spiritual opportunities, helping clinicians recognize and engage culturally embedded spiritual content. Section 5 discusses existential-spiritual humility, promoting a posture of humble expertise when navigating spiritual material. Throughout, the authors offer an empirically informed, culturally attuned framework while promoting a dialectical balance in integrating spirituality and religion into psychotherapy.
Federalism, Trumpism, and Democracy in America

Federalism, Trumpism, and Democracy in America
  • Donald F. Kettl
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
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    31 August 2026
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  • Every president in the last century has launched his own strategy of federalism, and with every launch, presidents have tried to characterize their own approach as newer and better. Most of these approaches have swung like a pendulum along a continuum from centralization to decentralization. Donald Trump's version of federalism, however, has proven to be radically different, not only in its politics and administration but also in its disconnection from the themes that have long characterized the debate about American democracy, shaped by French intellectual Alexis de Tocqueville in the middle of the nineteenth century. Trump has relied on both finance and force as tools to redefine power in the intergovernmental system. That, in turn, poses enormous challenges not only for the execution of domestic policy but also for the conduct of democracy in America.
Colonial Senses

Colonial Senses
  • Colonial Sensorial Regimes and Anti­-Colonial Resistance
  • Filipe Carreira da Silva, Sofia Aboim
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    30 July 2026
  • 'Colonial Senses' explores how Portuguese late colonialism and its afterlives are experienced and resisted through the senses. Moving beyond a purely textual analysis, the Element examines the insurgent optics of Amílcar Cabral, the feminist haptics of Paulina Chiziane and the sonic politics of Black female activists in post-colonial Lisbon. The Element posits that Portuguese late colonialism's sensory regime prioritised proximity and aesthetic contact in order to mask violence and stifle dissent. Using social theory, literature and ethnography, we analyse a variety of visual, tactile and auditory registers. We offer a new hypothesis on the sensory architecture of empire: that the Portuguese colonial empire developed a distinctive multisensory regime structured around aestheticised contact, intimate violence and the suppression of autonomous sensory expression. Combining historical and sociological analysis, this Element demonstrates how sensory colonial legacies endure into the present and contributes to sensory and postcolonial studies.
What is Electoral Integrity?

What is Electoral Integrity?
  • Conceptualising Election Quality in an Age of Complexity
  • Toby S. James, Holly Ann Garnett
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    30 July 2026
  • There are worldwide concerns about the quality of elections and democracy. There is also an ambiguity in academia, the international community and popular discourse about how to define and measure good elections. This Element develops an original concept of electoral integrity based on human empowerment. Elections serve a purpose: They should give citizens a voice, empower the everyday citizen against the powerful and act as mechanisms for political equality. Secondly, it argues that there have been major societal 'megatrends,' meaning that the holding of elections has moved from the modern era to an age of complexity. This describes an era of demographic, technological, legal, economic and political complexity and fluidity. The greater connection between nodes of activities in the electoral process means that elections held in one part of the world can be very quickly affected by actors and developments elsewhere. Thirdly, it provides new measurement tools to assess election quality.
The Climate Turn in Language Teaching

The Climate Turn in Language Teaching
  • Francisca Aguiló Mora, Almudena Marín Cobos
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    06 August 2026
  • This Element critically explores the notion of climate education in the humanities and how it should embrace the teaching, learning, and research of second and heritage languages (SL/HL), starting with basic language programs. Because language is inseparable from the spheres where climate narratives and discourses circulate. The interconnectedness between language (as discourse), sociolinguistics, culture, social justice, and the climate crisis entails an approach to Climate Humanities that requires a paradigmatic and epistemological turn. By addressing how SL/HL education works and whom it serves, the Element proposes a root-level curricular and program transformation for advancing an equitable language classroom with a focus on climate and sustainability. Comprehensive sections delve into three applied teaching principles: (1) critical analysis and decentralization of climate discourse, (2) contextualization of language teaching, and (3) transdisciplinarity. Examples for classroom implementation showcase praxis in action to practitioners and researchers, and emerging questions and future directions are discussed.
Incorporating Native American Philosophies and Ontologies in Archaeological Practice

Incorporating Native American Philosophies and Ontologies in Archaeological Practice
  • Nathan R. Lawres, Delaney O'Connell, Matthew C. Sanger
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    30 July 2026
  • Archaeologists increasingly rely on philosophical principles, as evidenced in the Ontological Turn, yet often only engage Western philosophers, which is unfortunate as Indigenous scholars, particularly Native American authors, have provided alternatives applicable to archaeological research. Within this volume, we introduce readers to Native American scholars whose work we apply to major topics in archaeology, including landscapes and knowledge, kinship and extended personhood, and cosmology and ceremonial practices. By contrasting with traditional, Western-based interpretive approaches, we demonstrate the transformative potential of relying on Native American philosophers not only in terms of better understanding the archaeological record but also in how archaeologists and practitioners approach issues such as repatriation, archaeological collections care and handling, and sovereignty. In all, this volume presents a powerful new approach to archaeological research that provides readers with an introduction to Native American philosophers, relevant case studies, and real-world examples that they can use in their own works.
Italian Fascism in the Nordic Countries (1919–1945)

Italian Fascism in the Nordic Countries (1919–1945)
  • Fabio Ferrarini
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    06 August 2026
  • This Element explores the transnational dynamics of Italian fascism and its reception in the Nordic countries from the foundation of Mussolini's Fasci di Combattimento (Combat Fasces) in 1919 to the onset of the Second World War. Although Italian fascism found fertile ground among far right movements and organisations in the Nordics, reactions varied significantly across Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The Element emphasises the ideological influence of the March on Rome and highlights how the Nordic far right drew inspiration from Mussolini's regime while also adapting to local contexts. By examining the intricate connections between Nordic and Italian fascisms, this Element aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the complexities of fascism's international appeal, illustrating how local political situations shaped the diverse expressions of fascism in the region and the interplay between fascist ideologies and anti-Bolshevism.
Letters and Gifts in the Harems of Eighteenth-Century Istanbul

Letters and Gifts in the Harems of Eighteenth-Century Istanbul
  • Deniz Türker, A. Hilâl Uğurlu
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    30 July 2026
  • This Element examines the political, architectural, and social transformations of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Selim III (1789–1807), foregrounding the central role of imperial women in shaping reform. While Selim's military and administrative initiatives reconfigured Istanbul's urban fabric, his mother, sisters, and female relatives actively advanced these efforts through architectural patronage, diplomacy, and gift exchange. Drawing on archival sources, visual materials, and microhistorical analysis, the Element reconstructs the dynamic networks sustained by these women and their stewards. It challenges assumptions of female invisibility, demonstrating instead their strategic visibility, economic agency, and integral participation in imperial governance and cross-cultural exchange.
Architecture and Interiors of the Harems in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul

Architecture and Interiors of the Harems in Eighteenth-Century Istanbul
  • Deniz Türker, A. Hilâl Uğurlu
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    30 July 2026
  • This Element centers the architectural and material worlds created by Ottoman imperial women, foregrounding their decisive role in shaping Istanbul at the end of the eighteenth century. Focusing on Mihrişah Valide Sultan and the sultan's sisters and female relatives, it examines how their patronage transformed the imperial harem at Topkapı Palace and extended into a network of waterfront mansions, charitable complexes, and suburban estates. Drawing on poetic inscriptions, archival correspondence, and visual sources, the study reconstructs the collaborative processes linking these women to stewards, builders, and artisans. It argues that their domestic and architectural interventions constituted powerful expressions of authority, visibility, and political agency within the empire.
Philosophy of Mathematics from Descartes to Kant

Philosophy of Mathematics from Descartes to Kant
  • Emily Carson
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • The mathematical method and the nature of mathematical knowledge were subjects of intense philosophical discussion in the 17th and 18th centuries. In particular, there was a debate over whether metaphysical truths admit of distinct proof as geometrical truths do, and whether they may be known with the same degree of certainty. This comparison between geometry and philosophy required a proper understanding of how Euclidean demonstration secured certainty. This element examines attempts by Descartes, Locke, Leibniz, Wolff, Lambert, Mendelssohn and Kant to address this question. The emphasis is on metaphysical and epistemological questions about geometrical demonstration in the 17th- and 18th-centuries.
Human Dignity

Human Dignity
  • Oliver Sensen
  • Published online:
    26 June 2026
    Print publication:
    06 August 2026
  • What is human dignity? Kant's philosophy is a central inspiration for our contemporary conception that all human beings deserve respect– independently of their race, gender, religion, or social status. In this Element, I shall address four topics in Kant's moral philosophy: What specifically does one have to do (or refrain from doing) to respect a human being? What is the reason why one should respect human beings? What is dignity, that is, what does the term mean, and what kind of thing is it? Finally, in a short appendix, I shall address the questions: Do only human beings deserve respect; how could one extend it to nonhuman animals as well? In each section, I shall offer a range of different interpretations of how one can read Kant's texts, and I shall address their advantages and disadvantages. This gives readers the option to choose for themselves which reading is the most plausible interpretation of human dignity.
Theorizing Hedging

Theorizing Hedging
  • Explaining Shifts and Variations in Alignment Choices
  • Cheng-Chwee Kuik
  • Published online:
    25 June 2026
    Print publication:
    16 July 2026
  • Hedging, not balancing or bandwagoning, is the modal behavior of the non-great powers under uncertainty. Despite its prevalence as a state alignment choice, hedging has remained an undertheorized subject in the study of international relations. This Element presents one of the first theoretical works on strategic hedging in world politics. Tracing the multidisciplinary roots of hedging as an instinctive human behavior, I contend that sovereign actors hedge in ways similar to commodity traders, farmers, fund managers, academic writers, politicians, and individuals in competitive organizations under conditions of high-stakes and high-uncertainties. I then develop a two-level theoretical framework to explain when, how and why states hedge, rather than balance or bandwagon. Using selected Indo-Pacific countries as empirical cases, I conclude that while structural-level conditions largely explain the shifts in alignment decisions (e.g., from non-hedging to hedging, or vice versa), domestic factors explain the variations in hedging choices.
Institutional Health Communication in the Information Age

Institutional Health Communication in the Information Age
  • Sara Rubinelli
  • Published online:
    24 June 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
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  • This Element offers a critical exploration of institutional health communication in an era marked by information overload and uneven content quality. It examines how health institutions can navigate the challenges of false, misleading, and poor-quality health information while preserving public trust and scientific integrity. Drawing from disciplines such as health communication, behavioral science, media studies, and rhetoric, this Element promotes participatory models, transparent messaging, and critical health literacy. Through a series of thematic sections and practical examples, it addresses the role of science, politics, media, and digital influencers in shaping public understanding. Designed as both a conceptual guide and a strategic toolkit, this Element aims to support institutions in fostering informed, engaged, and resilient communities through communication that is clear, ethical, and responsive to the complexities of today's health discourse. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Does Court-Ordered Community Service Work?

Does Court-Ordered Community Service Work?
  • Evidence from a Case Study
  • Rebecca Nesbit, Su Young Choi, Jody Clay-Warner
  • Published online:
    23 June 2026
    Print publication:
    06 August 2026
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  • Based on interviews with thirty-one managers in community organizations and thirty-four court-ordered community service workers (CSWs) in Georgia, this Element asks whether community service programs are likely to achieve their stated goals of restitution, cost savings, and rehabilitation and what conditions support or undermine success. While some individuals perceive a benefit, these programs often shift costs to under-resourced nonprofits, impose administrative burdens, and fail to foster meaningful community connection or long-term rehabilitative outcomes. The Element indicates that cost savings are illusory, restitution is weakened by supervision demands, and rehabilitation is inconsistent across participants. For community service to realize its restorative potential, it must be restructured across the criminal legal system with attention to organizational capacity, both of probation offices and the community organizations working with CSWs. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
William Sancho and the Possibilities of Black British Lives in Late Georgian Britain

William Sancho and the Possibilities of Black British Lives in Late Georgian Britain
  • Oliver Ayers, Liberty Collard
  • Published online:
    23 June 2026
    Print publication:
    06 August 2026
  • William Sancho was the son of Ignatius Sancho, one of the eighteenth century's most important Black Britons. In contrast to his father, however, William's life has never been fully explored. This Element builds a new evidential trail to uncover a multifaceted career that saw the younger Sancho undertake an apprenticeship and become a bookseller, rate-paying citizen and well-connected man about town. Sancho also contributed to the early vaccination movement and the campaign against slavery. Remarkable as elements of it were, Sancho's story makes sound historical sense for someone so deeply embedded within the country's burgeoning entrepreneurial, literate, male-dominated, metropolitan and imperially-focused public sphere. Sancho was a Black man who lived a distinctly 'British' life: his importance stands on its own terms, but also alters our perspectives of what these two historical labels have traditionally implied, and the experiences that were possible as part of them.
Aboriginal Homelands and Economy in Australia's Western Desert

Aboriginal Homelands and Economy in Australia's Western Desert
  • Martu Ngurrara
  • Douglas W. Bird, Rebecca Bliege Bird
  • Published online:
    23 June 2026
    Print publication:
    31 August 2026
  • This Element is about the interacting socio-ecological relationships of a contemporary Aboriginal foraging economy. In the Western Desert of Australia, Martu Aboriginal systems of subsistence, mobility, property, and transmission are manifest as distinct homelands and networks of religious estates. Estates operate as place-based descent groups, maintained in both material egalitarianism (sharing, dispossession, and immediate return) and ritual hierarchy (exclusion, possession, and delayed return). Interwoven in Martu estate-based foraging economies are the ecological relationships that shape the regeneration of their homelands. The Element explores the dynamism and transformations of Martu livelihoods and landscapes, with a special focus on the role of landscape burning, resource use practices, and property regimes in the function of desert ecosystems.
Shifty Epistemology

Shifty Epistemology
  • Jie Gao
  • Published online:
    22 June 2026
    Print publication:
    06 August 2026
  • Can practical factors affect our epistemic standings or their ascriptions? This Element critically examines shifty epistemology, a cluster of views that answer yes to this question. It investigates three prominent types of shifty epistemology: on knowledge, justification and rational credence. It assesses key arguments for each of these views, and argues for pragmatic encroachment on rational credence.

Page 11 of 138