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2605 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 10 of 131

Revisiting Globalization

Revisiting Globalization
  • Southeast Asia in the Global Factory
  • Prema-chandra Athukorala, Hal Christopher Hill
  • Published online:
    28 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
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  • One of the most significant innovations in international industrial organization over the past half-century has been the vertical disintegration of production, with different stages carried out in different countries-a process widely known as the Global Manufacturing Value Chain (GMVC). Trade based on global production sharing within GMVC has been the primary driver behind the dramatic shift in world manufacturing exports from developed to developing countries. However, there are growing concerns in policy circles about whether the GMVC is beginning to lose momentum. This study examines this issue with reference to Southeast Asian countries, which serve as an ideal laboratory for such an analysis. Engagement in GMVC has played a major role in the economic dynamism of these countries, although their levels of participation vary significantly. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Translator Education for Changing Markets

Translator Education for Changing Markets
  • Wan Hu
  • Published online:
    28 April 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • This Element explores transformations of translator education in the context of market forces and digital advancements. It firstly examines complex interactions among the translation industry's trends, notably the increasing role of AI in performing translation tasks that humans traditionally did, evolving market demands and specialised needs of the workplace. Based on this, this Element evaluates how university curricula reflect these transformations, including the pedagogical approaches in translator education that integrate university standards with professional competence. The crux of the discussion centres on the interplay between university education and graduates' employment readiness in changing markets. Finally, after synthesising existing translation competence models, the Element culminates with a revised framework for translation competence. This framework moves beyond a focus on skills transfer or textual negotiation to encompass the diverse competencies required of future translators across various professional contexts, ensuring that translator education remains impactful amid ongoing technological and market changes.
Digital Scholarly Editing in Practice

Digital Scholarly Editing in Practice
  • Making Oxford University Voltaire
  • Dan Barker, Nicholas Cronk, Glenn Roe
  • Published online:
    28 April 2026
    Print publication:
    28 May 2026
  • Scholarly editions in print have long been central to literary studies, produced according to well-established methodologies. In recent decades, digital scholarly editions have gained prominence, with some publishers digitising existing print editions and others creating born-digital resources. The shift from print to digital demands not only new editorial approaches but also sustained attention to issues of technical and financial sustainability – key concerns for resources of reference. The challenge is not merely to replicate print editions in digital form but to transcend their limitations and fully exploit the affordances of the digital medium. This essay examines these issues by focussing on one case-study: the creation of the digital Oxford University Voltaire, launched in 2026, which builds upon the Complete Works of Voltaire (205 vols, 1968–2022). By tracing the transition from print to digital, the authors aim to highlight both the opportunities and complexities inherent in scholarly editing today.
Popular Music and Football

Popular Music and Football
  • Nicolai Jørgensgaard Graakjær
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • Popular music and football rank among the most globally widespread and culturally significant practices in contemporary society. While neither defines the other, their intersections reveal a rich site of musical interaction. This Element investigates how and why popular music and football interact within the context of elite-level national league matches. Grounded in observations from several European case matches over the past decade, the Element examines these interactions as they unfold in stadium environments, focusing on three primary modes: intra-type music interactions, inter-type music interactions, and music–match interactions. In doing so, it engages with one of the most pervasive, multi-layered, and contested arenas for the distribution and significance of popular music in everyday life. Particular attention is given to emotionally charged, identity-infused mega-performances by musical amateurs – many of whom may be otherwise musically inactive and overlooked but embrace the stadium as a space for emotional release and collective expression.
Intentional Strategies for Changing Character Traits

Intentional Strategies for Changing Character Traits
  • Juliette L. Ratchford, Stephen M. Schueller, Eranda Jayawickreme
  • Published online:
    27 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
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  • How to develop good character is a question that resonates with many people. Parents wonder how to instill virtues in their children, educators seek effective ways to build character in their students, and researchers study how moral qualities can be cultivated in citizens. This broad interest reflects a fundamental human concern: can we intentionally develop better character? Although different stakeholders may emphasize different aspects-from parental focus on raising ethical children to organizational interest in developing principled leaders; to therapists and counselors focused on individual self-improvement; as well as software developers considering how games and online learning environments support curiosity, interest, and knowledge —they share a common goal of understanding how to foster positive character development. This Element speaks to these varied interests by examining how insights from personality psychology and intervention science can inform practical approaches to character development.
Trumpism and the Future of Public Administration

Trumpism and the Future of Public Administration
  • Donald F. Kettl
  • Published online:
    27 April 2026
    Print publication:
    14 May 2026
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  • Donald Trump saw the federal bureaucracy as the breeding ground of the 'deep state,' a powerful, unresponsive collection of bureaucratic experts determined to undermine the policies for which he was convinced he had a mandate. He translated that into a furious assault on the basic principles of both the theory and practice of public administration. One of the points of his genius was his incomparable skill in identifying issues that resonated with voters, and his attacks on public administration identified unarguable problems. But those attacks also eroded government's capacity to get work done and the strategies for accountability that had carefully grown since the founders wrote the Constitution. Transforming administration into instruments of political symbols and political power undermined the basic values of public administration – and created fundamental challenges to which the field must rise in charting a public administration for 2035 and beyond.
Agency

Agency
  • Elisabeth Pacherie
  • Published online:
    27 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • In trying to spell out the distinction between activity and passivity and what is special about agency, philosophers have tended to focus on human intentional action as their paradigm case. Yet taking intentional agency as a starting point makes it difficult to offer positive accounts of more elementary forms of agency. I first present this classical approach and discuss some of its limitations. I then consider simpler forms of behavior and the minimal conditions they must meet to be considered genuine forms of agency. I then turn to conscious agency, examining the nature and sources of our conscious agentive states, their reliability and the causal role they may play in shaping our actions. Finally, I discuss joint agency, the different forms of coordination among agents on which the success of joint action depends, and the sense of agency in joint action.
A Theory of Segmented Polities

A Theory of Segmented Polities
  • The European Union in Perspective
  • Jozef Bátora, John Erik Fossum, Jarle Trondal
  • Published online:
    27 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
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  • This Element introduces the theory of segmented polity to address the misfit between dominant state-centric political theories and the hybrid realities of contemporary governance. Segmented polities are contested, partial, and constrained but nonetheless develop autonomous policymaking capacities and distinct social constituencies. The EU exemplifies this form, blending supranational and intergovernmental traits within a statist political order. Grounded in organization theory and institutionalism, the Element provides empirical analysis of the internal market and security segments showing how segmented polities operate across functional domains and generate bounded epistemic communities. While enabling policy efficiency, they also exhibit democratic deficits. The Element presents segmented polities as evolutionary responses to governance complexity and outlines implications for political science, international relations, European integration theory, and democracy studies, and proposes a research agenda focused on longitudinal, actor-based, and comparative studies of polity segmentation beyond the EU. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Examining Secrets and Revelation In Music and Audio Technology Cultures

Examining Secrets and Revelation In Music and Audio Technology Cultures
  • Samantha Bennett
  • Published online:
    27 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • Dirty little secrets. Secret weapons. Trade secrets. Phrases so ubiquitous in music and audio technology culture that, in the twenty-first century, they serve as powerful mechanisms in the production and consumption of music and audio technologies and skillsets. Secrets and revelatory discourse serves to historicize, imagine and commodify skillsets whilst amplifying technological fetishisation. Grounded in historical and psychology scholarship, this book examines secrets and revelation as part of a continuum of the protection of tacit knowledge. Packed with examples and qualitative data drawn from trade shows, online fora, industry associations, retail, textbooks, and education, this large-scale study elucidates the mechanism of secret holders, secrets, revelation and listeners as being intrinsic to music and audio technology cultures. The results of this research illustrate how, in the potent distillation of music and audio technology knowledge and skillsets into commodified secrets, little to nothing is revealed.
Climate and Environment in the Southern Levant, 1300–300 BCE

Climate and Environment in the Southern Levant, 1300–300 BCE
  • 1300–300 BCE
  • Dafna Langgut
  • Published online:
    24 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • Past climate fluctuations significantly shaped human ways of life. This Element reconstructs the Southern Levant climate (ca. 1300–300 BCE) using high-resolution, well-dated paleoclimate records. Results show a 150-year arid phase ending the Late Bronze Age, likely driving the collapse of eastern Mediterranean complex societies. The Iron Age I saw a return to humid climate conditions, fostering highland settlement expansion and supporting the rise of the biblical kingdoms. This was one of the region's most profound cycles of collapse and revival. During Iron Age II, climate conditions were moderate, similar to today. The Achaemenid period began with brief aridity, followed by renewed humidity. Pollen evidence, along with additional data such as charcoal remains, was employed to trace environmental changes, including variations in the composition of natural vegetation. Human impacts on the environment were also identified, including fruit tree cultivation, deforestation, overgrazing, the introduction of new plant species, and landscape terracing.
Monetary Policy Implementation

Monetary Policy Implementation
  • Stephen Williamson
  • Published online:
    24 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • Monetary policy implementation refers to the mechanism for interbank payments, the set of administered interest rates, and the strategy for central bank actions designed to achieve an intermediate monetary policy goal – for example a target for an overnight nominal interest rate. This piece shows the implications of the Poole model – a common framework used to articulate ideas about monetary policy implementation – for corridor and floor systems of monetary policy implementation. A general equilibrium Poole-type dynamic model is also studied, which shows where Poole-type analysis can go wrong. Given current interest in how large central bank balance sheets and floor systems matter, the author also analyzes a general equilibrium model of quantitative easing and discusses issues with quantitative easing and monetary policy.
Histories of Madness

Histories of Madness
  • David Wright
  • Published online:
    24 April 2026
    Print publication:
    14 May 2026
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  • This Element's contribution explores the historiography of madness in the Modern era, including landmark publications in the overlapping fields of the history of psychiatry and the history of lunatic asylums. As this examination of almost 200 academic works will demonstrate, the field is vast and highly contested, with researchers sometimes disagreeing about the basic terms of analysis. Nevertheless, from Foucault to Fanon, from Goffman to Gilman, these debates about social and medical responses to madness have inspired some of the most influential academic scholarship of the twentieth century. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Policy Dynamics in the European Union

Policy Dynamics in the European Union
  • Eva Thomann, R. Kent Weaver, Tiziano Zgaga
  • Published online:
    24 April 2026
    Print publication:
    14 May 2026
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  • In multilevel governance systems, member states work together to address cross-border problems, yet people still lack a clear understanding of how and why their policies differ or converge. Existing research offers many explanations but often treats them separately or overstates the EU's independent influence. This Element brings these perspectives together in a single framework of policy dynamics. It distinguishes policy areas shaped mainly by EU institutions or member states, or by their interaction. It introduces an actor-centered typology of policy dynamics – stable patterns of actors, incentives, and mechanisms that shape policy over time. The Element shows that these dynamics matter only when governments, interest groups, and NGOs have the incentives, capacity, and leverage to build coalitions and pursue goals. The policy dynamics framework helps learners identify likely causal mechanisms and supports clearer comparison, explanation, and teaching of EU policymaking. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Profiling Cleopatra

Profiling Cleopatra
  • A Psychosocial History
  • Sally-Ann Ashton
  • Published online:
    24 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • This Element adopts a psychosocial historical approach to explore the psychological functioning of Cleopatra VII, the last ruler of the Ptolemaic royal house. It investigates key themes that emerge from the data, including childhood trauma and displacement, sibling homicide, her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, her divinity, and her suicide. To examine these issues, the author uses a cultural psychological framework, supplemented with social, investigative, and lifespan developmental psychological models, to analyze each theme in depth. The Element also includes a critical examination of how Cleopatra's psychological functioning is presented in Roman sources, alongside a comparison with her self-presentation in both Egypt and Rome. When Cleopatra's actions are viewed within an appropriate cultural context, characteristics that are now associated with psychiatric disorders can be repositioned as appropriate cultural and executive responses.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Culture

Conceptualization and Measurement of Culture
  • The Historic-Sociocultural Premises
  • Rolando Diaz-Loving
  • Published online:
    24 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • The debate over the relative merits of adopting functional universal psychological principles, processes, and constructs (etics) versus particular structural idiosyncratic characteristics and behaviors distinct to specific cultural groups (emics) has been present in the anthropological and psychological literature for decades. Evident in the discussion is that the basic principles and processes tend to be universal, whereas theoretical concepts – and to a greater extent personal attributes, behavioral patterns, norms, beliefs, attitudes, and values – have an indigenous base. Recurring crises within the Euro-Meso-North-American scientific psychological tradition are traceable to the lack of cultural and eco-systemic sensitivity and an attempt to indiscriminately generalize findings across behavioral settings. Psychology requires an approach that integrates behavioral and cultural models for which an independent measure of structural sociocultural variables are included. The main argument presented within this manuscript is that the measurement of historic-sociocultural premises (norms and beliefs) achieve such a purpose.
The Chilean <i>Cantora</i>

The Chilean Cantora
  • Women Music Poets in Latin American Post-Colonial Culture
  • María Bernardita Batlle
  • Published online:
    23 April 2026
    Print publication:
    14 May 2026
  • This Element discusses the figure of the cantora – or woman music poet – and the development of her artistic activity in a context of post-colonial paradigms in Chilean and Latin American societies. Through a historical overview of this multifaceted concept, alongside gender construction in colonial Latin America, this Element offers insights on how the figure of the cantora developed in the confluence between discrimination against festive popular culture and the restrictions imposed on women in a context of an inherited patriarchal order. Moreover, it examines the embodiment of the cantora archetype within the contemporary urban folkloric scene in Chile as a performative exercise of identity construction that is framed in a process of cultural resistance. Revealing how contemporary cantoras are continuing the legacy of their predecessors has become especially relevant at the time of writing in 2020–22, amidst a wave of political protests against long-standing social disparities in Chile.
Justifying Memory

Justifying Memory
  • Matthew Frise
  • Published online:
    23 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
  • In this book I examine many philosophical theories that attempt to explain the epistemological limits and powers of memory. A traditional view is that our epistemic justification from memory in the present directly depends, in part or primarily, on the past. I reject this view, arguing that just the way the present is directly matters for the justification we have from memory now. Another traditional view is that our justification from memory is best accounted for by theories on which justification directly depends on features of the world external to the mind. I argue that the mental life suffices to account for memory justification. I then appeal to the tip of the tongue phenomenon to argue that just a portion of the mental matters for memory justification: what the subject internally accesses. The best epistemology of memory turns out to support a package of extreme and untraditional views.
Digital Multilingualism and Platform Governance

Digital Multilingualism and Platform Governance
  • Janny H. C. Leung
  • Published online:
    23 April 2026
    Print publication:
    14 May 2026
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  • As custodians of global public discourse today, transnational tech platforms govern who may speak, to whom, and how. While they have helped document and revitalize minoritized languages and connect diasporic communities, they also make language-related decisions that can disproportionately disadvantage speakers of those languages. On platforms like Facebook, non-English users navigate a linguistic environment where content moderation is often severely under-resourced compared to that available to English speakers. They may not receive warnings about disinformation or disturbing content, may not be told about what rules apply, and may have their content wrongly removed – or violating content left untouched – because neither human moderators nor automated systems can understand their language. This Element examines forms of global linguistic justice that platforms create and reproduce, highlighting a critical yet underexplored dimension of structural inequality in contemporary platform governance. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Civil and Uncivil Disobedience

Civil and Uncivil Disobedience
  • Candice Delmas
  • Published online:
    22 April 2026
    Print publication:
    31 May 2026
  • What is wrong with disobedience? What makes an act of disobedience civil or uncivil? Under what conditions can an act of civil or uncivil disobedience be justified? Can a liberal democratic regime tolerate (un)civil disobedience? This Element book presents the main answers that philosophers and activist-thinkers have offered to these questions. It is organized in 3 parts: Part I presents the main philosophical accounts of civil disobedience that liberal political philosophers and democratic theorists have developed and then conceptualizes uncivil disobedience. Part II examines the origins of disobedience in the praxis of activist-thinkers: Henry David Thoreau on civil resistance, anarchists on direct action, and Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. on nonviolence. Part III takes up the question of violence in defensive action, the requirement that disobedients accept legal sanctions, and the question of whether uncivil disobedience is counterproductive and undermines civic bonds.
Craftwork in Small-Scale Societies of the Central European Bronze Age

Craftwork in Small-Scale Societies of the Central European Bronze Age
  • Justyna Baron
  • Published online:
    22 April 2026
    Print publication:
    21 May 2026
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  • The Element examines various facets of craftwork in small-scale societies that thrived in much of Central Europe during the Bronze Age (2300–800 BCE). These societies exhibited distinct structures and types of social bonds that formed the social and spatial backdrop for craft practices. Since most Bronze Age villages were inhabited by small groups, all forms of crafting were at least partially communal, fostering the exchange of experiences, skills, and knowledge both within and across different production areas. The public nature of crafting practices also encouraged discussions about applied tools, methods, skills, and the quality of the final products. The author explores overarching questions about communication and knowledge transfer within and beyond small groups, drawing on archaeological and ethnographic data. This includes considerations of standardization, personalization, imitation, seasonality, and cross-crafting. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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