To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
This study investigates the development of translated fiction within the United Kingdom publishing sector between 2001 and 2021. Drawing on NielsenIQ BookData, qualitative interviews with publishing professionals, and a detailed case study of Fitzcarraldo Editions, it analyses how translated literature has evolved from a marginal cultural pursuit into an increasingly significant area of publishing activity. The research identifies continuing structural challenges, including the costs of translation, limited linguistic and cultural diversity within publishing teams, and the dominance of a few internationally recognised authors. It also highlights the role of independent presses, literary prizes, and digital platforms in expanding visibility and readership. By situating these findings within debates on cultural diversity, symbolic capital, and global circulation, the study demonstrates how translated fiction reflects and reshapes contemporary publishing practices, contributing to a more inclusive and internationally connected literary landscape.
In Central and Eastern Europe, disinformation threatens democratic stability, inflames ideological divides, and weakens Western geopolitical commitments. Drawing on cross-national analyses, as well as in-depth studies of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, this Element analyzes: the relationship between ideological polarization and disinformation supply; the challenges of building anti-disinformation efforts; individual-level demand for disinformation; and the effects of disinformation on public opinion. Ideological polarization over sociocultural issues predicts disinformation supply, and sociocultural conservatives with anti-Western views constitute a disinformation-susceptible audience that struggles to distinguish between false and true narratives. Elite-level divisions over the threat posed by disinformation exacerbate these dynamics, hampering efforts to build disinformation resilience. However, disinformation largely fails to persuade. Amongst most individuals, attitudinal backlash is more common. Disinformation does not win over hearts and minds; rather, its appeal reflects the salience of contentious issues that have emerged as a result of wider political realignments.
This Element provides a systematic analysis of Aristotle's theory of justice in exchange as developed in Nicomachean Ethics Book V. It examines Aristotle's distinction between voluntary exchanges (commutative justice) and involuntary transactions (corrective justice), explaining how proportional reciprocity in voluntary exchange secures an equitable balance between parties of different contributions, while corrective justice redresses unjust gains and losses in involuntary transgressions. Key concepts such as proportional reciprocity and the arithmetic mean are explored to show how Aristotle's vision of fair exchange underpins civic stability. The analysis also highlights Aristotle's notion of fairness (epieikeia) as a principled adjustment of rigid legal norms, illustrating how equitable judgement supplements strict justice to accommodate particular cases. Overall, the Element clarifies Aristotle's distinctions and principles, linking the ethics of equality and reciprocity to their practical application in law and commerce.
Case characterizes distribution of nominals within a sentence (abstract Case), which can be reflected in morphological marking on nominals (morphological case). A related phenomenon of agreement characterizes a structural relation between a nominal and a functional category, which is morphologically manifested on the functional category. This Element examines how Case/case and agreement phenomena are derived, focusing on the syntactic operations involved. The Element discusses the types of morphological case, as well as the concept of abstract Case, starting with the seminal works of Vergnaud and Chomsky, followed by the theories of unification of Case/case and agreement, specifically the Spec-Head configuration and the operation Agree. Demonstrating empirical shortcomings of such unification, alternative approaches are considered (Dependent Case Theory and morphological approaches to agreement), illustrating their empirical and conceptual challenges. Ultimately, the Element sketches a theory of Case/case and agreement using independently motivated concepts of copy interpretation and labeling.
This Element brings three topics into closer contact: scepticism about the external world, the metaphysics of perception, and the epistemology of perception. It argues that a certain kind of response to external world scepticism is significantly stronger if we make certain theoretical commitments regarding the metaphysics and epistemology of perception. I argue that a neo-Moorean epistemological disjunctivist response to scepticism is much more compelling when underpinned by a naïve realist theory of perceptual phenomenal character and the transparency model of how we acquire knowledge of our perceptual states. The possibility that these theories are true radically alters the dialectical situation with respect to external world scepticism: the sceptical argument is on much shakier ground than is usually appreciated. Integrating our theorising about our knowledge of the external world and our theorising about the metaphysics and epistemology of perception affords a more comprehensive view of our anti-sceptical options.
East Asian voices have long been marginalised in Western literature, though recent global waves of East Asian popular culture have begun to shift the landscape. Among the newest entrants to this global phenomenon are children's picture books – an emerging yet potent force with unparalleled potential for long-term impact. Despite their limited visibility in publishing, picture books are central to early education and childhood wellbeing, shaping future generations. As such, depictions of East Asia in Anglophone children's picture books represent a doubly marginalised field that has been largely overlooked. This timely and essential Element addresses that gap. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset independent of publisher self-reporting, it offers both a historical overview of East Asian representation spanning more than a century and in-depth case studies, providing a ground-breaking account of this overlooked but increasingly influential domain.
What if the deepest resources for globalizing IR lie not in capitalist modernity, but in humanity's much older struggles against hierarchy? This Element argues that Global IR cannot become genuinely anti-Eurocentric unless it breaks decisively with 'methodological presentism': the tendency to read the past in terms of the present. Engaging Global IR debates, and drawing on Karl Polanyi, Political Marxism, and evolutionary anthropology, the book offers a non-presentist macro-historical narrative. It mobilizes deep history to trace the millennia-old human capacities to refuse domination, pursue autonomy, and sustain cooperation, thereby inviting readers to fundamentally rethink the sources of human interconnectedness and solidarity. On this basis, it proposes 'radical modernity', rooted in the prehistoric legacy of 'radical egalitarianism', as an alternative to capitalist modernity. Radical modernity is not a Western achievement later diffused to the non-Western world, but an alternative foundation for rethinking universality, difference, and the 'international' from below.
Natural law theory is a major contemporary school of philosophy of law. This Element provides a critical overview of recent lines of thought in this tradition. Section 1 considers the defining claims of natural law jurisprudence, including strong and weak natural law views. Sections 2 to 5 examine four contemporary lines of natural law argument: functional arguments, the argument from context, the argument from injustice and the central case method. Functional arguments remain the oldest and best route to the natural law thesis. The argument from context also has promise, whereas the argument from injustice and the central case method fail to yield robust natural law conclusions. Section 6 reflects on the future of natural law jurisprudence. It explores a possible reframing of natural law theories, away from the prevailing emphasis on legal validity or defectiveness, and towards an understanding of law as a natural phenomenon.
The clinical encounter is typically divided into medical interventions for body/ brain and psychotherapeutic interventions for mind/ emotions. In recent years, medical and psychotherapy education have undergone radical pedagogic (negative) transformations – justified on economic grounds. These have resulted in the adoption of a reductive instrumental values focus at the expense of education of deeper values: the historical, ethical, aesthetic, political, and transcendental (meaning). Observable competences displace assessment of potential as capabilities, where an education into professional identity through innovative curriculum design has been reduced to a set of syllabi producing technicians. In turn, this promotes focus on managed curriculum content over emergent process. Transformation in professional education is imperative, where innovative production of metaphor is seen to challenge a dominant reductive literalism. Poetry, embedded within a wider poetic imagination, provides the necessary medium through which a multiple values-based medicine and psychotherapy of quality may be restored.
Historians and political scientists typically examine Keynesianism as an economic doctrine suitable for industrialised nation-states. This Element studies intergovernmental organisations as central to the discussion and globalisation of Keynesian ideas. It provides a historical survey of how Keynes's work and the Keynesian macroeconomics it inspired impacted the League of Nations and the United Nations, from 1920 to 1980. League experts both critiqued and used Keynes's writings to legitimise their proposals for monetary and fiscal stabilisation. Later, United Nations economists turned to Keynesianism to conceptualise and operationalise their own work. Keynes was also a guiding reference for UN experts in imagining the multilateral regulation of monetary and trade relations. By uncovering the contrasting understandings of Keynesianism that cohabited within the capacious settings of international organisations, this Element tells the story of how thinkers from both the Global South and the Global North co-created today's instruments of macroeconomic governance. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
The Día de la toma [Conquest Day], held every 2nd January, celebrates the Catholic 'reconquest' of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (1492), which resulted in the collapse of Muslim Spain. The festival has become politicised by ultra-nationalist, anti-immigration groups, as well as Andalusian regionalist movements that want the event to become a 'festival of tolerance'. I examine the 'soundtrack' of the festival in dialogue with work on music and politics, sound studies, cultural memory and affect. From fascist anthems, to chants and flamenco fusions, music and sound serve conflicting readings of Granada's cultural memory. I argue that musical and sonic protest delineates conflicting political and territorial positions in a city that is polarised along regionalist vs nationalist and multiculturalist vs nativist lines. Moreover, I contend that the festival highlights an ambivalence towards the city's Muslim community, and so I consider how this community is sounded and silenced at the event.
How can we reconfigure our way of understanding all that is, what Heidegger calls 'being' – so that we can live differently and more fittingly, together? How can we get a sense of different possibilities for being and doing, that allow for hope and change? How can things show themselves so that we heed them and feel a kind of grateful receptivity to them? To all of these questions, Heidegger's answer is 'art.' This Element aims to make sense of the incredible importance Heidegger affords art, on the one hand, and his pessimistic reflections on the possibilities for both art and life in late modernity, on the other. The author proposes that thinking of the artwork as a measure – opaque, basic, and with a regulative normative force – helps make sense of Heidegger's thinking and the promise and peril of art.
The methodology of metaphysics has come under severe scrutiny from critics who claim that, while metaphysics aims to uncover deep non-conceptual truths regarding reality, its standard methodology is incapable of giving us justified beliefs regarding which metaphysical theses are true. In this Element I investigate whether this criticism of metaphysics is on the right track, by way of an opinionated introduction to the methodology of metaphysics. I give an overview of recent debates concerning the methodology of metaphysics, with special attention paid to the epistemic credentials of appeals to intuitions and non-empirical theoretical virtues. I also examine alternative proposed aims of metaphysics other than that of uncovering deep non-conceptual truths, and with what sorts of methodologies those aims might be associated. These alternative proposed aims of metaphysics include achieving practical benefits, achieving understanding, discovering stable equilibria among possible metaphysical views, and analyzing and/or engineering our concepts.
This Element is a study in cultural history, focusing on ancient Mediterranean religious traditions during the second to the early seventh centuries CE and their attempts to provide theologically sound explanations for the existence of multiple languages. The goal is to deliver a concise but balanced and, as far as possible, comprehensive treatment of the ideas about languages, linguistic diversity, and foreign language speakers across religious traditions in Late Antiquity. Therefore, this Element assumes a comparative perspective. Besides taking into account the inner heteroglossia of early Christianity, we examine sources associated with Greco-Roman polytheism, various forms of Judaism, Manicheism, and other hybrid religious forms during the late Roman and early post-Roman eras.
Our most advanced AI systems might soon – within the next five to thirty years – be as richly and meaningfully conscious as ordinary humans, or even more so, capable of genuine feeling, real self-knowledge, and a wide range of sensory, emotional, and cognitive experiences. In some arguably important respects, AI architectures are beginning to resemble the architectures many consciousness scientists associate with conscious systems. Their outward behavior, especially their linguistic behavior, grows ever more humanlike. Alternatively, claims of imminent AI consciousness might be profoundly mistaken. Their seeming humanlikeness might be a shadow play of empty mimicry. Genuine conscious experience might require something no AI system could possess for the foreseeable future – intricate biological processes, for example, that silicon chips could never replicate. The thesis of this Element is that we don't know. Science lags, while engineering sprints ahead.
Generative AI (GenAI) technology is transforming the landscape of language teaching and learning and has attracted considerable attention from researchers and educators in the field of second language (L2) education. Research has shown that, when used appropriately, GenAI can support students throughout the writing process, provide high-quality feedback on written work, and facilitate the assessment of L2 writing. This Element presents five innovative topics that the co-authors have explored: (1) student–GenAI interaction during the writing process; (2) collaborative processing of GenAI-generated feedback; (3) GenAI-supported teacher feedback; (4) the potential of GenAI for L2 writing assessment; and (5) teacher education for the effective integration of GenAI in L2 writing instruction. By synthesizing current research and practical applications, this Element aims to inspire researchers, practitioners, and graduate students to further investigate the role of GenAI in L2 writing contexts.
An investigation into the metaphysics of the logical properties. Textbooks define logical truth and logical consequence in terms of models. But what are models, and why is invoking them a good way to define these properties? The answers take us through questions about the bearers of logical truth, the distinction between logical and non-logical expressions, and, ultimately, to an account of what logic is.
This Element is an introduction to classical computability theory and scientific efforts to use computability-theoretic notions to explain empirical phenomena. It is written for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in philosophy, assuming no prior exposure to computability theory. Its goals are threefold: (1) to introduce some important theoretical tools and results from classical computability theory; (2) to survey some of the ways these have been used to support explanatory projects in computer and cognitive science; and (3) to outline a few of the more prominent philosophical debates surrounding these projects.
This Element explores the developmental implications of Southeast Asia's participation in global value chains (GVCs), focusing on the coffee, textile and clothing, and automotive sectors. While GVC integration has supported industrialisation, exports, and employment, the benefits are not guaranteed. Southeast Asian countries, except for a few cases, remain confined to low-value-added activities, with limited innovation, weak support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and persistent inequality. Sectoral case studies reveal barriers to upgrading: smallholder coffee farmers face institutional and coordination challenges; textile and clothing producers in Cambodia and Myanmar are stuck in low-skill roles; and domestic automotive firms struggle to move beyond assembly. The Element calls for a shift from passive participation to active upgrading through stronger innovation systems, SME support, social and environmental standards, and deeper regional cooperation. It concludes that GVCs can promote inclusive and sustainable growth-but only when embedded in deliberate national and regional strategies.