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2605 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 4 of 131

Urban Life and Form in Ancient Egypt

Urban Life and Form in Ancient Egypt
  • Nadine Moeller
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Taking into account archaeological and written sources, Egypt's urban past is remarkably evident throughout the pharaonic period, as can be demonstrated by a selection of relevant examples. There is also evidence of some unusual forms of towns and cities that do not readily fit into the common categories associated with urbanism. This Element aims to introduce ancient Egyptian urban society and form based on a theoretical framework that uses urban dimensions and attributes. This multi-faceted approach offers a degree of flexibility that is helpful for such an investigation because it can be adapted to the incomplete nature of the available evidence, which theories based on modern urbanism often lack. Additionally, it is important to highlight both commonalities and culture-specific traits of urban manifestations during the pharaonic period, which encompasses almost 3000 years. This longevity provides an exceptional opportunity to follow long-term trajectories and changes.

Deescalating a Trade War
  • Strategies of Reciprocation amid US-China Great Power Competition
  • Kai Quek, Eddy S. F. Yeung
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Reciprocation is central to conflict deescalation. How a country reciprocates-and how its domestic public and international rival respond to its reciprocation-can play an important role in shaping the trajectory of conflicts. Moving beyond conventional understandings in international relations that focus on balanced reciprocity between states, we propose two additional general forms of reciprocation: semi-reciprocity (reciprocation perceivably less than received) and super-reciprocity (more than received). We situate our theory in a hard case for deescalation, the US-China trade war, where relative-gains concerns are salient amid great power rivalry. Employing novel dyadic experiments that capture strategic interactions between states, we show, for the first time, how different strategies of reciprocation shape the domestic feasibilities of deescalation. The findings reveal how different forms and sequences of reciprocation shape the prospect of rapprochement, shedding light on the public dynamics underlying different pathways of deescalating a trade war that has profoundly impacted the world.
Memorialising the ‘Reconquista’ of Spain

Memorialising the ‘Reconquista’ of Spain
  • Sonic Politics and Cultural Memory in Granada
  • Matthew Machin-Autenrieth
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • The Día de la toma [Conquest Day], held every 2nd January, celebrates the Catholic 'reconquest' of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (1492), which resulted in the collapse of Muslim Spain. The festival has become politicised by ultra-nationalist, anti-immigration groups, as well as Andalusian regionalist movements that want the event to become a 'festival of tolerance'. I examine the 'soundtrack' of the festival in dialogue with work on music and politics, sound studies, cultural memory and affect. From fascist anthems, to chants and flamenco fusions, music and sound serve conflicting readings of Granada's cultural memory. I argue that musical and sonic protest delineates conflicting political and territorial positions in a city that is polarised along regionalist vs nationalist and multiculturalist vs nativist lines. Moreover, I contend that the festival highlights an ambivalence towards the city's Muslim community, and so I consider how this community is sounded and silenced at the event.

The Social Foundations of Constitutional Innovation
  • William D. Blake, Joseph Francesco Cozza, Dave A. Armstrong II
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Why are some constitutions amended more frequently than others? Studies of amendment rates have been plentiful but have not generated much theoretical or empirical consensus because the extant literature rests rest on a strong and unwarranted assumption that social capacity to navigate amendment rules is constant across space and time. By contrast, the authors of this Element argue that this social capacity varies by civic connectedness. Drawing upon previous studies that find social capital mitigates transaction costs, this Element outlines the myriad ways in which social capital helps elites, social movements, and ordinary citizens solve the collective action problems associated with constitutional reform. The authors find evidence for their theory using a variety of measures, methods, and units of analysis.
A Spatial Analysis Model for Exploring Human-Environment Interactions

A Spatial Analysis Model for Exploring Human-Environment Interactions
  • Pedro Trapero Fernández
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • This Element introduces a methodological framework that positions itself between site-specific archaeological investigations and broader regional approaches characteristic of historical and landscape archaeology. While traditional archaeological studies often focus on detailed analyses of individual sites, and regional studies aim to identify large-scale patterns and long-term processes, the proposed method bridges these scales through the calculation of the minimum mobility space linked to settlements or production centers. This concept enables the delineation of the effective area of influence or resource exploitation surrounding a site, thereby offering a more nuanced perspective on how past communities organized and interacted with their immediate landscapes. The approach incorporates diverse environmental and historical variables, including geology, soil types, and topographical constraints, to reconstruct the spatial logic behind site location and land use. It employs a suite of analytical techniques such as cost-surface analysis, statistical modeling, and historical-geographical integration.
Plantations

Plantations
  • Extraction, Extinction, Emergence
  • Sophie Chao
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Plantations are major drivers of biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, and climate change. They find root in (neo)colonial logics of mastery and progress that position nature as a passive resource, exploited to serve (certain) humans' ends. Yet the rise and fall of plantations have never been determined entirely by those humans and institutions who claim to create and control them. Rather, plantations are animated by entangled processes of multispecies extraction, extinction, and emergence. This Element considers the violence and vulnerabilities engendered by plantations for differently positioned humans and non-humans-from indentured labourers, displaced communities, and environmental activists, to soils, parasites, and crops. It examines how acts of resistance, alliance, and solidarity have challenged the dominance of plantations over places, plants, and peoples. Approaching plantations as fertile sites for theorizing inter- and intra-human relations, the Element unearths in their troubled terrains unexpected yet urgent possibilities for cultivating counter-plantation futures and multispecies justice.
Analogical Reasoning in Science

Analogical Reasoning in Science
  • Francesco Nappo, Giovanni Valente
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • When faced with a difficult problem or limited information about a novel domain, how do scientists advance their research? As historians of science have widely noted, one strategy common to the natural and the social sciences is to make use of analogy. Formulating hypotheses about an unknown system construed by analogy with what is observed in a more familiar system has repeatedly proven to be a source of discoveries. But what makes analogy such a useful tool for scientific inquiry? Although early reflections trace back to Aristotle, the question of the exact role of analogy in science remains an outstanding one in contemporary philosophy of science. This Element aims to clarify the main epistemological questions at stake and why seemingly obvious answers to them do not survive scrutiny. We provide an overview of the current debate and summarize insights from relevant case studies in the natural and social sciences.
Colonial Senses

Colonial Senses
  • Colonial Sensorial Regimes and Anti­-Colonial Resistance
  • Filipe Carreira da Silva, Sofia Aboim
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • 'Colonial Senses' explores how Portuguese late colonialism and its afterlives are experienced and resisted through the senses. Moving beyond a purely textual analysis, the Element examines the insurgent optics of Amílcar Cabral, the feminist haptics of Paulina Chiziane and the sonic politics of Black female activists in post-colonial Lisbon. The Element posits that Portuguese late colonialism's sensory regime prioritised proximity and aesthetic contact in order to mask violence and stifle dissent. Using social theory, literature and ethnography, we analyse a variety of visual, tactile and auditory registers. We offer a new hypothesis on the sensory architecture of empire: that the Portuguese colonial empire developed a distinctive multisensory regime structured around aestheticised contact, intimate violence and the suppression of autonomous sensory expression. Combining historical and sociological analysis, this Element demonstrates how sensory colonial legacies endure into the present and contributes to sensory and postcolonial studies.
Effect-Driven Interpretation

Effect-Driven Interpretation
  • Functors for Natural Language Composition
  • Dylan Bumford, Simon Charlow
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Computer programs are often factored into pure components - simple, total functions from inputs to outputs - and components that may have side effects - errors, changes to memory, parallel threads, abortion of the current loop, and so on. In this Element, the authors make the case that human languages are similarly organized around the give and pull of pure values and impure processes, and show how denotational techniques from computer science can be leveraged to support elegant and illuminating analyses of semantic composition in natural language.
Brazil and Japan in Cultural Psychology

Brazil and Japan in Cultural Psychology
  • Igor de Almeida
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • This work explores the development and applicability of core theories in cultural psychology, focusing on Brazil and Japan. It analyses systems of thought (holistic vs. analytic cognition), emotional frameworks (ideal affect, happiness), cultural logics (dignity, face, honour), relational mobility, monumentalism/flexibility, tightness/looseness, individualism/collectivism, and self-construal (independent/interdependent). Brazil and Japan display pronounced contrasts in certain domains, yet unexpected parallels in others. This work stresses the necessity of diversifying psychological research to encompass non-US or Western European perspectives, fostering a more globally representative understanding of human behaviour.
Fuzzy Authoritarian Rule

Fuzzy Authoritarian Rule
  • How Uncertainty Deters Dissent
  • Dawn Brancati, Nadine Sika
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Many authoritarian regimes, including some of the world's most populous autocracies, such as China and Egypt, often do not make it clear what views, attitudes, and behaviors people may express openly without being sanctioned. This Element investigates how the uncertainty that this style of rule instills among people impacts the effectiveness of repression in deterring dissent. The authors develop a novel argument about how it can magnify the effect of repression by affecting how people understand what repression signals about a regime's resolve to sanction dissent. Their analysis, based on two laboratory experiments conducted in Egypt, confirms their argument and, in the process, challenges aspects of prominent behavioral arguments linking negative emotions to uncertainty. The authors' results imply that repression is least effective against acts of dissent regimes are opposed to the most and are very clear about their resolve to repress them as a result.
Theory of Mind and Language Development

Theory of Mind and Language Development
  • Silke Brandt
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • This Elements presents a series of studies investigating the relationship between language, Theory of Mind, and other cognitive skills, across different languages and cultures. The first set of studies focuses on longitudinal relationships between English-speaking children's understanding of complement-clause constructions (e.g., The cow knows the sticker is in the red box), mental verbs (e.g., know vs. think), modal verbs (e.g., must vs. might), and Theory of Mind. The second set of studies investigates links between complement-clause constructions, mental verbs, and Theory of Mind in Mandarin Chinese and English. The last study looks at English- and Turkish-speaking children's knowledge of evidentiality, source monitoring, and Theory of Mind. Together, these studies suggest that there are different linguistic tools that enable children to represent and acquire Theory of Mind, and that the availability and choice of these linguistic tools differ across languages and cultures.
God and the Problem of Scepticism

God and the Problem of Scepticism
  • J. L. Aijian
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Contemporary debates about faith and scepticism are best understood by tracing the development of our current assumptions back to their historical roots. Scepticism, particularly in the west, has its foundation in Socrates' famous claim that his knowledge of his own ignorance made him the wisest of men. Socrates' intellectual humility was then translated into the Christian philosophical tradition, where it came into contact with the doctrines of divine revelation and original sin. This Element will select key historical figures to illustrate the impact that belief in God has had on how we assess the claims of scepticism, and on how scepticism impacts belief in God.
Looking Trustworthy

Looking Trustworthy
  • Portraits and Textual Poses of Humanist Translators in the Renaissance
  • Andrea Rizzi
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • In this Element I investigate how Renaissance humanist translators used the printed page to construct a trustworthy persona and persuade readers of their translations' value. These portraits did more than decorate books – they shaped the public identity of translators, lent credibility to their work, and positioned them within broader networks of cultural authority. As the early modern book trade expanded, portraits became key instruments in establishing recognisability – what we might now call a 'brand' – that reassured readers and patrons alike. By revealing how trustworthiness was deliberately performed and circulated in print, this Element reframes the role of translators in Renaissance culture and offers new insights into the social and symbolic economies of early modern trust.
The Evolution of Classical Detective Fiction in Japan

The Evolution of Classical Detective Fiction in Japan
  • Between Honkaku and Henkaku
  • Satomi Saito
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • This Element traces the evolution of honkaku (orthodox) detective fiction in Japan, examining how a Western-derived puzzle genre was adapted, contested, and transformed within Japan's twentieth-century cultural climate. It begins with the genre's prewar formation, focusing on Edogawa Rampo's shift from a faithful practitioner of honkaku to a representative figure of Japan's henkaku (unorthodox) mode. The second section analyzes the postwar honkaku movement, demonstrating how Seishi Yokomizo and Seichō Matsumoto revitalized the genre while revealing the limits of the classical puzzle model. The final section turns to the New Orthodox School of the 1990s, whose writers pushed honkaku to its limits by reworking narrative structures and subverting genre conventions. By foregrounding debates surrounding honkaku, this Element theorizes detective fiction as a historically contingent system of formal constraints and cultural negotiations, positioning modern Japanese literature as a crucial site for rethinking genre, narrative logic, and the global circulation of literary forms.
The Mathematisation of Economics

The Mathematisation of Economics
  • A Twentieth-Century History
  • Marcel Boumans
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
Shifty Epistemology

Shifty Epistemology
  • Jie Gao
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
Russian Grand Strategy

Russian Grand Strategy
  • The Quest for Major Power Status and a Multipolar World Order
  • Ivan U. Kłyszcz
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Why has Russia embraced a global foreign policy after 1991, despite its limitations when compared to the Soviet Union? What distinguishes the current moment from the long-standing Russian quest for major power status is the particular grand strategy adopted by Moscow since the mid-1990s. Here, the grand strategy is labelled as 'multipolarity', and it consists of a series of grand principles that reflect Russia's views on the roles of major powers, the West, and itself. In turn, the specific ways deployed have changed and adapted according to the changing circumstances in which Moscow's foreign policy is deployed. Notably, Russia differentiates in the means used in relations with its neighbours, with the major powers, and with the broader world, but all together are meant to reinforce the goals of Russian multipolarity.
Slavery in Capitalism

Slavery in Capitalism
  • A Deep History
  • Tâmis Parron
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • The enslavement of Africans in the Americas profoundly shaped the continent's demography, cultures, languages, and legal systems, playing a decisive role in modern economic growth and the rise of industrial capitalism. Yet, its historical interpretation remains contested. One view sees modern slavery as beginning with the transatlantic slave trade, disconnecting it from earlier traditions in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Another claims slavery is a universal institution, unchanged across millennia. Moving beyond this dichotomy, the book offers a new framework for the study of Black slavery in the Americas. It situates slavery within a broader and older human geography: a world region of enslavement that dates back to the deep historical formation of the Mediterranean basin. By tracing the emergence of modern slavery from within this ancient system, the book sheds new light on its conditions of existence, collapse, and reconfiguration up to the present day.
Ancient Apologetics and the Bibliographic Imagination

Ancient Apologetics and the Bibliographic Imagination
  • Sabrina Inowlocki
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date:
    July 2026
    Print publication:
    31 July 2026
  • Ancient apologetics is usually treated as a literary genre or a branch of early theology. This Element offers a different account. It argues that many Jewish and Christian texts conventionally labeled 'apologetic' are better understood through a bibliographic and archival lens: They produce authority not only by defending doctrines, but by organizing books, constructing corpora, mobilizing archives, and regulating interpretation. Tracing a trajectory from the Letter of Aristeas to Jerome's De viris illustribus, this Element shows how citation, collection, cataloguing, and textual ordering made traditions appear authoritative. Examining Aristeas, Josephus, Tatian, Justin, Origen, Pamphilus, Eusebius, and Jerome, it argues that apologetics is best understood as a form of curatorial power through which ancient communities learned to think with books. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Page 4 of 131