This study investigates the nonlinear dynamics and control strategies for a Cessna-182 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The longitudinal and lateral dynamic models were derived using aerodynamic analysis conducted in ANSYS Fluent. Various control methodologies, including PID (proportional, integral, derivative) tuning with genetic algorithm (GA), root locus (RL), MATLAB tuned (MT), Ziegler Nichols (ZN), the model reference adaptive controller (MRAC), linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG), were implemented and compared through simulations. Due to the inadequacy of PID control under variable environmental and noise conditions, LQR and LQG controllers, including the full state-space model required for real-time applications, are simulated for both longitudinal and lateral motions in addition to the PID controller. Although the LQR controller has acceptable simulation results for noiseless conditions, the superiority and stable structure of the LQG controller under noise and disturbance effects are highlighted. The results, including noise Dryden turbulence effects, highlight the advantages of proposed MRAC and LQG for robust stability and precise flight performance. Experimental flight tests validate the theoretical findings, demonstrating the practical viability of the proposed control approaches. The results obtained for the Cessna-182 mini-UAV will be effective for future researchers in terms of obtaining UAV dynamics and also evaluating different control strategies of the UAV.

Applying teat dips to cows’ teats before and after milking (pre- and post-dipping) are important methods for preventing mastitis. Given the proven effectiveness of ozonated water for eliminating bacterial colonies, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ozonated water in preventing mastitis in pre- and post-dipping of dairy cows. Fifty-eight cows were selected based on negative black-bottom cup test results and the California mastitis test (CMT), and randomly allocated into two groups: the control group (CG, n = 23) where pre- and post-dipping were done with a commercial hydrogen peroxide product, and the ozone group (OG3, n = 35) where ozonated water at a concentration of 2 µg/ml was used, prepared immediately before use with an ozone generator. Samples were collected at four timepoints: M0 (pre), M1 (72 h), M2 (7 d) and M3 (14 d). Somatic cell count, CMT, pH, milk composition, and microbiological identification were analysed. The black-bottom cup test and physical evaluation of the udder were performed daily before milking. All milk composition variables were similar in both groups. SCC remained within normal ranges for both groups at all time points as per the guidelines of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. Microbiological cultures revealed similar pathogens across time points with the same growth dynamics. The study demonstrated that the use of ozonated water was as effective as the commercial product used in pre- and post-dipping for hygiene and prevention of mastitis in dairy cows, potentially serving as a viable alternative with lower environmental contamination, especially on organic dairy farms. Further studies comparing different concentrations and evaluations against other sanitizers are necessary.

In recent years, there has been a growing body of scholarship that distinguishes post-colonial and post-imperial migrations from other forms of migration. However, because this literature largely excludes non-European cases, it remains predominantly Eurocentric. This review article seeks to demonstrate how these studies can be further enriched by incorporating Ottoman migrations (muhacir) as a distinct form of post-imperial migration. To this end, the article evaluates four recently published works on Ottoman migration: İpek’s Migration in the Imperial Territories (Memalik-i Şahanede Muhaceret), Fratantuono’s Governing Migration in the Late Ottoman Empire, Hamed-Troyansky’s Empire of Refugees, and Oktay Özel’s Katamizes In Pursuit of the Blue (Kiske Kuşunun Peşinde Katamizeler). Through a comparative analysis of these works, the article explores the potential contributions of Ottoman post-imperial migration studies to the broader literature on post-imperial migration. In particular, it addresses issues such as the role of official historiography in shaping migration histories; debates over whether migrants were framed as returnees or repatriates; the effects of different imperial structures; and the ethnic and religious composition of both host societies and migrant populations.

This article examines how courts in a diverse and divided society navigate tensions over a polarized religious issue. The incrementalist approach that defers difficult choices about state and religion through vague compromise has been defended in polities where achieving cohesion proves difficult. This article investigates how the court grapples with incrementalist logic underlying the regulation of interfaith marriage in Indonesia. To mitigate disagreements, the Indonesian Marriage Law has left the legality of interfaith marriage ambiguous and subject to constant negotiation and compromise. This article argues that the Indonesian Constitutional Court has failed to sustain this balance, as the court increasingly leans towards the religious aspect of marriage. Indonesian experience shows the complexities of court interventions on unclear legislative agreements and contentious issues in society. The Court adopted a rigid legal interpretation based on conservative religious views, which not only undermines rights and pluralism, but intensifies tensions and complicates future negotiations.

Onion seed productivity, quality, and profitability in Ethiopia are constrained by declining soil fertility and inadequate fertilizer management, particularly due to a historical reliance only on blanket nitrogen-phosphorus-based recommendations for bulb production. Therefore, the study examined the impacts of NPSB fertilizer, vermicompost, and their integrated application on soil fertility, onion seed yield, and quality in Yaya-Gulele, Oromia, Ethiopia. Treatments comprised a factorial combination of four NPSB rates (0, 75, 150, 225 kg/ha) and four vermicompost rates (0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 t/ha), arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed quality was evaluated under laboratory conditions using a completely randomized design with four replications. The integrated application of NPSB and vermicompost improved key soil chemical properties, prolonged vegetative growth, and enhanced seed yield and quality parameters of onions compared to sole applications and the control. The highest-performing integrated treatment increased seed yield by up to threefold relative to the control. The integration of 150 kg/ha NPSB with 3.75 t/ha vermicompost was identified as the most agronomically and economically optimal treatment, producing the highest seed yield and net returns. This first report from North Shewa shows that the synergistic integration of NPSB and vermicompost significantly increases onion seed productivity and quality by improving soil fertility. This approach offers a practical and sustainable nutrient management strategy for onion seed production systems in Ethiopia.

This study aimed to explore whether health effects of dietary nitrate depend on its source, by investigating associations between plant and animal-sourced dietary nitrate groups with markers of inflammation and CVD risk factors. Among 100 non-smoking adults (mean age 49 (sd 13) years, 31 % male), dietary nitrate intake was assessed using FFQ (n 100) and 3-d food diary (n 89), combined with nitrate food composition databases. Nitrate intake was classified into plant, naturally occurring animal and additive-permitted meat-sourced groups. Associations between source-dependent nitrate intakes and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting plasma lipids, anthropometry and blood pressure were examined using multivariable linear regression, adjusted for socio-demographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders. Each 1 sd (∼57 mg/d) increment in plant-sourced nitrate intake was associated with a 0·191 sd lower LDL-cholesterol (β = −0·191, 95 % CI (–0·369, −0·004), P = 0·045; equivalent to −0·21 mmol/l) in primary models, though this association was attenuated in sensitivity analyses. Naturally occurring animal-sourced nitrate intake was not associated with any outcomes. A 1 sd (0·08 mg/d) increment in additive-permitted meat-sourced nitrate intake was associated with a 0·208 sd lower HDL-cholesterol (β = −0·208, (–0·362, −0·054), P = 0·009; equivalent to −0·10 mmol/l) and a 0·192 sd higher waist circumference (β = 0·192, (0·005, 0·380), P = 0·042; equivalent to +1·29 cm) but not with LDL-cholesterol, TAG, blood pressure, Lp-PLA2 or CRP. These preliminary findings suggest potential differential associations between nitrate source and cardiometabolic markers that warrant confirmation in larger studies.

To investigate the association between dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGE) and sarcopenia in USA adults. A total of 7590 participants aged 20–59 years were included in this study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018. Dietary AGE intake was assessed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS-based AGE database combined with 24-h dietary recall. Sarcopenia was assessed by appendicular lean BMI (ALMI). Linear regression was used to examine the association between dAGE and ALMI. Logistic regression was adopted to examine the association between total and food-derived AGE with the prevalence of sarcopenia. The mediating role of bone mineral density (BMD) and serum 25 (OH) D3 on the association between dAGE and ALMI was also explored. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 7·26 %. Compared with the low intake tertile (T1), the OR for sarcopenia among participants in the high tertile (T3) of dAGE, (1-carboxyethyl) lysine and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine intake was 1·66 (95 % CI: 1·05, 2·64; Ptrend = 0·031), 1·56 (95 % CI: 1·01, 2·40; P trend = 0·042) and 1·60 (95 % CI: 1·03, 2·48; Ptrend = 0·033), respectively. Meat and baked foods derived AGE showed significant associations with the prevalence of sarcopenia. Mediation analysis demonstrated that 14·75% and 12·95 % of the association between dAGE and ALMI were mediated by the BMD and serum 25 (OH) D3, respectively. In the USA adult population, dietary AGE were positively associated with sarcopenia, particularly in meat and baked foods, with BMD and serum 25 (OH) D3 partially mediating this association.

This article offers a counter-reading of the Ghaznavid panegyric that resists reducing its idiom of praise to an effect of political legitimation, as dominant accounts of the genre have done. By highlighting how two panegyrics, one by ʿUnṣurī and the other by Farrukhī, subvert the aesthetic-didactic expectations surrounding praise born from Islamicate rhetorical and poetic theory, it contends that Persian panegyric poetry does not transparently deploy praise. To this end, the article first proposes four structures of praise that render praise both legible and susceptible to ironizing: evidentiary agreement, intradistich agreement, interdistich agreement, and metapoetic balance. A subsequent analysis of ʿUnṣurī and Farrukhī’s panegyrics reveals how ostensibly laudatory claims can ironize these structures to produce effects of delegitimation, rather than legitimation, while maintaining a posture of praise.

At ANSTO, we have developed an automated dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) processing line, known as A-DIC, designed to sequentially process 10 water samples for radiocarbon analysis without any operator intervention. The A-DIC works at ambient pressure using helium (He) gas as a carrier. It includes a water pump capable of drawing adjustable sample volumes between 22-180 mL into a 250 mL reaction vessel. Upon the addition of 5 mL of phosphoric acid to the vessel, the sample is sparged with helium (He) gas at a rate of 45 mL/min for 16 min. The desorbed CO2 from the sample is then carried along with He through a series of traps: water vapor traps at –75 °C, a sulphur (SOx) trap containing silver wires at 650 °C, and two CO2 traps at –196 °C. The A-DIC is automated via a Python script executed on a PC connected via USB. It demonstrates consistent performance and CO2 trapping efficiency across batches of up to 10 samples. For contamination study, the CO2 gas collected is transferred to graphitization units to be converted into graphite for AMS analysis.