Notre contribution se propose de mener une analyse fréquentielle de la liaison variable à partir des données de parole semi-spontanée extraites du corpus « Phonologie du Français Contemporain » (Durand, Laks et Lyche, 2002; 2009). Les résultats de notre étude confirment la présence d'une distribution de Mandelbrot-Zipf des réalisations, selon laquelle un nombre limité de séquences permet de rendre compte de plus de la moitié des occurrences. Ces données semblent davantage remettre en discussion un traitement unitaire de la liaison basé sur des règles et apporter des arguments en faveur d'une approche exemplariste d’étude de la liaison.

La phonologie du français présente un phénomène bien connu de sandhi externe à la jointure de mot appelé liaison : devant une unité lexicale à initiale vocalique, un mot se terminant apparemment par une voyelle s'enchaîne syllabiquement en prenant appui sur une consonne: un petit / café [ pət i k a f e] vs un petit enfant [ pət i tãfã]. Cette consonne de liaison (CL), ici le /t/, qui n'apparaît que lorsque le mot de droite commence par voyelle, a été analysée comme latente, épenthétique ou supplétive, appartenant au mot de gauche (mot 1, M1 ci-après), de droite (mot 2, M2 ci-après) ou à aucun selon les auteurs, nous y reviendrons.

McMurdo Station, Antarctica, is a US Federal research facility operated year-round by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Its primary mission is to support scientific research, but it also provides logistical air and ground support for South Pole Station, seasonal field sites and nearby stations operated by other countries. It is the largest station in Antarctica, supporting up to 1,200 people. While McMurdo Station has a long scientific legacy, the facility also has an interesting architectural and engineering history that spans 60 years and has its antecedents in the ‘heroic age’ of exploration (1898–1916) and the Little America expeditions (1929–1958). Here, I describe the history of the built environment of McMurdo Station to clarify how it evolved from a temporary air station in the late 1950s to its current role as the flagship research facility of the US Antarctic Research Program (USAP). This historical review may provide insights that are useful as the station continues to transform and evolve, allowing it to continue its scientific mission into the 21st century.

The activity of intracellular proteolytic enzymes was studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fingerlings (0+) after hatching from spawning nests and dispersal in the Varzuga River main stem and its Pyatka tributary (Kola Peninsula, White Sea Basin). The study focused on calcium-dependent cytosolic proteinases (µ- and m-calpains), lysosomal proteinases (cathepsins В and D) and collagenase, and determined the free/protein-bound hydroxyproline ratio, which portrays collagenolytic activity. Compared to fingerlings from the Varzuga main stem, the intracellular proteolytic enzyme activity of cysteine proteinase and collagenase was higher in fingerlings from the Pyatka tributary, where current velocities and food availability were higher. These results indicate that there is a higher rate of intracellular protein metabolism in the juveniles from this phenotypic group.

‘European archaeology’ is an ambiguous and contested rubric. Rooted in the political histories of European archaeology, it potentially unites an academic field and provides a basis for international collaboration and inclusion, but also creates essentialized identities and exclusionary discourses. This discussion article presents a range of views on what European archaeology is, where it comes from, and what it could be.

This article presents previously unknown archaeological evidence of a mid-second-millennium bc kingdom located in central western Anatolia. Discovered during the work of the Central Lydia Archaeological Survey in the Marmara Lake basin of the Gediz Valley in western Turkey, the material evidence appears to correlate well with text-based reconstructions of Late Bronze Age historical geography drawn from Hittite archives. One site in particular—Kaymakçı—stands out as a regional capital and the results of the systematic archaeological survey allow for an understanding of local settlement patterns, moving beyond traditional correlations between historical geography and capital sites alone. Comparison with contemporary sites in central western Anatolia, furthermore, identifies material commonalities in site forms that may indicate a regional architectural tradition if not just influence from Hittite hegemony.

Kent's Cavern is one of Britain's most important Palaeolithic sites. The Torquay Natural History Society excavations in the Vestibule (1926–1928 and 1932–1938) yielded Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic deposits as well as a fragment of human jaw (KC4). Higham et al. (2011) recently identified it as the oldest modern human fossil known from North West Europe, with a date estimated, using Bayesian modelling, at 44,200–41,500 cal bp (at 95.4% probability). However, White and Pettitt (2012) and Zilhão (2013) have claimed that the poor quality of the excavations and lack of stratigraphic integrity cast doubt on the archaeological and dating evidence from the site. Here, we present a thorough re-analysis of the excavations and show that they were in fact conducted to a reasonable standard. We also carefully examine the stratigraphic and sedimentological sequence and present twelve new AMS determinations from key contexts to test the previous model and chronology. We find that, while Trench C has good stratigraphic integrity, there is some evidence of post-depositional disruption of certain parts; some post-depositional movement is also shown by a limited number of artefact refits. There are two outlying AMS determinations dating to c. 32,000 bp. We therefore cannot exclude completely the possibility that the maxilla's age could be younger than the published probability distribution function (PDF). Our analysis lends support to the assessment by Higham et al. (2011) of the site and KC4 and shows that it offers considerable potential for future study.

Using the example of pottery imported into the Channel ports of southern England, an approach to examining the role of pottery in the emergence and mediation of coastal communities is proposed here. Building on recent scholarship, it is argued that it is no longer tenable to see pottery as a carrier of identity, or as part of a ‘cultural package’, with meaning emerging with identity as people interact with pottery within and without port environments. The study proposes that imported pottery found meaning in different ways, depending on the context of acquisition and use. Hence it mediated different forms of community and identity. The article ends with a consideration of the wider implications of this approach for ongoing studies of material culture, trade, and urban identities in medieval Europe.

This article discusses the plausibility of a correlation or even a causal relation between two phenomena that can be observed in the history of English ditransitives. The changes concerned are: first, the emergence of the ‘dative alternation’, i.e. the establishment of a link between the double object construction (DOC) and its prepositional paraphrase, and second, a reduction in the range of verb classes associated with the DOC, with the construction's semantics becoming specialised to basic transfer senses. Empirically, the article is based on a quantitative analysis of the occurrences of the DOC as well as its prepositional competitors in the Penn–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, 2nd edition (PPCME2). On the basis of these results, it will be argued that the semantic narrowing and the increasing ability of ditransitive verbs to be paraphrased by a to-prepositional construction (to-POC) interacted in a bi-directional causal manner.