Many archaeologists recognize a need for a more proactive archaeology, one that is responsive to the goals of communities and so one that carries the potential to advance restorative justice and reclamation. But this work requires shifts in time and resources. Such high-investment community archaeology comes with unfolding developments, or cascade effects. We frame positive ones as including finding, honoring, elevating, and protecting cultural heritage and suggest these may offer those grappling with accommodating such shifts practical examples of the benefits. Our example comes from the Great Bay Archaeological Survey (GBAS) focused on colonial New Hampshire’s Great Bay Estuary/P8bagok (ca. AD 1600–1780). With years of community engagement in place, a landowner had heard of GBAS and stopped development when he noticed large stones. Here, we found an early colonial homestead site, the Meserve Garrison, and our attendant research traced out a trajectory of colonial expansion from Indigenous homelands transformed into English property, property into intergenerational wealth. With rising wealth came the dispossession of labor; GBAS found enslaved (freed) Africans lived in this rural northern New England frontier, a place not typically associated with chattel slavery. We are working to protect the site and publicly commemorate and restore an accurate, inclusive, colonial history.

Background: Saskatchewan’s Rural and Remote Memory Clinic (RRMC) has provided post-diagnostic virtual dementia care for approximately 19 years. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and a new need for remote dementia diagnosis, we developed a virtual, team-based, interdisciplinary (neurology, neuropsychology, nursing), diagnostic memory clinic (vRRMC). We evaluated patient and caregiver satisfaction with the new virtual clinic. Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with rural vRRMC patients (n=7), caregivers (n= 13), and one patient/caregiver dyad. Ages of respondents ranged from 40 to 70 years old (60% female). Level of diagnosed cognitive dysfunction ranged from subjective cognitive impairment to major neurocognitive disorder. Respondents saved an average of 460 km of travel compared to a trip to Saskatoon. Results: Thematic analysis of responses revealed universal satisfaction with the virtual model. The technology training sessions, offered prior to the first vRRMC visit, was described as important for satisfaction. Analysis of preference for future visits revealed more nuance; some preferred in-person visits and planned to travel for future appointments post-pandemic, while others preferred to maintain the virtual model due to perceived travel burden (cost, time, and inconvenience). Conclusions: When clinically appropriate, virtual diagnostic memory clinics should persist as an option post pandemic for families who experience high travel burden.

Background: Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) involves an isolated impairment of language function at disease onset. The cholinergic system is implicated in language and cholinergic deficits are seen in brains of individuals with PPA. One major source of cholinergic innervation is the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) within which lies the nucleus subputaminalis (NSP). We quantified cholinergic neurons in the NBM and NSP of PPA and controls. Also explored was whether individuals with PPA who subsequently developed different clinical and neuropathological profiles, showed similar cholinergic deficits in the NSP. Methods: Cytoarchitecture of the basal forebrain was studied using Nissl staining in control (n=5) and PPA (n=5) brains. Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemical staining labelled cholinergic neurons, quantified using Neurolucida software. Results: Compared to matched controls, PPA showed reduction of cholinergic neurons in the NBM, t(4) = 4.224, p = 0.013; Cohen’s d=1.89 and the NSP, t(4) = 4.013, p = 0.016; Cohen’s d= 1.79. The average percent of cholinergic neuronal loss was higher in the NSP (64.66%) compared to NBM (17.66%). Conclusions: Regardless of underlying pathology, all cases presenting with PPA showed marked loss of cholinergic neurons in the NSP providing further evidence for the importance of this nucleus in language function.

Disturbances such as wildfire create time-sensitive windows of opportunity for invasive plant treatment, and the timing of herbicide application relative to the time course of plant community development following fire can strongly influence herbicide effectiveness. We evaluated the effect of herbicide (imazapic) applied in the first winter or second fall after the 113,000 ha Soda wildfire on the target exotic annual grasses and also key non-target components of the plant community. We measured responses of exotic and native species cover, species diversity, and occurrence frequency of shrubs and forbs seeded before (1 to 2 or 9 to 10 mo) herbicide application. Additionally, we asked whether landscape factors, including topography, species richness, and/or soil characteristics, influenced the effectiveness of imazapic. Cover of exotic annual grass cover, but not of deep-rooted perennial bunchgrass, was less where imazapic had been applied, whereas more variability was evident in the response of Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl) and seeded shrubs and forbs. Regression-tree analysis of the subset of plots measured both before and after the second fall application revealed greater reductions of exotic annual grass cover in places where their cover was <42% before spraying. Otherwise, imazapic effects did not vary with the landscape factors we analyzed.

n-3 Fatty acids are associated with better cardiovascular and cognitive health. However, the concentration of EPA, DPA and DHA in different plasma lipid pools differs and factors influencing this heterogeneity are poorly understood. Our aim was to evaluate the association of oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI and APOE genotype with concentrations of EPA, DPA and DHA in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), NEFA, cholesteryl esters (CE) and TAG. Healthy adults (148 male, 158 female, age 20–71 years) were recruited according to APOE genotype, sex and age. The fatty acid composition was determined by GC. Oily fish intake was positively associated with EPA in PC, CE and TAG, DPA in TAG, and DHA in all fractions (P≤0·008). There was a positive association between age and EPA in PC, CE and TAG, DPA in NEFA and CE, and DHA in PC and CE (P≤0·034). DPA was higher in TAG in males than females (P<0·001). There was a positive association between BMI and DPA and DHA in TAG (P<0·006 and 0·02, respectively). APOE genotype×sex interactions were observed: the APOE4 allele associated with higher EPA in males (P=0·002), and there was also evidence for higher DPA and DHA (P≤0·032). In conclusion, EPA, DPA and DHA in plasma lipids are associated with oily fish intake, sex, age, BMI and APOE genotype. Such insights may be used to better understand the link between plasma fatty acid profiles and dietary exposure and may influence intake recommendations across population subgroups.

Detailed mapping and provisional numerical age determinations of glacial deposits in the South Chiatovich Creek Basin of the White Mountains provide an opportunity to evaluate the ability of conventional soil parameters to discriminate first- and second-order glacial events. Sampling and analytical procedures were designed to minimize variation in climate and lithology. When lithology and climate are similar among sites, age trends are more pronounced in both field and chemical soil properties. Profile development indices (PDIs), adjusted by removing melanization and pH, systematically increase with greater soil age, and discriminate first-order, but not second-order, glacial events. The best-fit curve for adjusted PDI data assumes an exponential form and suggests that the rate of soil formation in this region decreases over time, similar to the rate of weathering-rind development. Variation in eolian influx and surface erosion, which are dominant processes affecting soils of the basin, cause major uncertainties in establishing soil age and, hence, soil-development rates. Even on the youngest glacial deposits, soil age is probably significantly less than deposit age due to these geomorphic processes. Soil and weathering parameters imply that these field techniques can be inexpensively employed to define relative chronologies and to assess surface degradation and its impact on surface exposure ages. Results from this study indicate that site-selection strategy for establishing glacial chronologies should be reevaluated. Working with stable residual bedrock surfaces and associated low-relief outwash fans and terraces may prove more productive than focusing on relatively unstable moraine surfaces in tectonically active mountain systems.