Residents’ attitudes towards wildlife and their management can be crucial in population control. Using a novel approach, we examined East Tennessee residents’ tolerance for American black bears and attitudes towards hunting. Most residents viewed black bears positively, tolerated their presence and preferred seeing them in their area. Attitudes were influenced by concern about future encounters, the values and benefits attributed to bears, prior experiences and perceptions of human–bear conflict and conflict frequency, whereas sociodemographic factors were less influential. Support for regulated hunting was influenced by sociodemographic factors more so than cognitive factors. Our findings suggest opportunities for managers to increase tolerance of black bears among residents through outreach emphasizing the benefits of living with the bears and guidance for avoiding negative encounters. Greater trust in the wildlife agency may result from such outreach, potentially leading to greater levels of tolerance among residents of bear-inhabited areas.

Recent research has shown that 6-month-olds relate novel words suffixed with -s, like babs, that are embedded in passages, with just the stem bab, demonstrating an early sensitivity to morphological relatedness. This study builds on these findings by investigating the role of allomorphy in early morphological acquisition. We tested whether infants relate novel words suffixed with [-z] and [-s] allomorphs of the -s suffix and their stems. We find that English-learning 6-month-olds relate novel words suffixed with the [-z], but not [-s], allomorph with stems, providing evidence for an acquisition trajectory where infants discover morphemes one allomorph at a time.

Sternal cleft is a rare congenital condition associated with unprotected viscera and respiratory failure. We present a case of a sternal cleft, absent right clavicle, and congenital diaphragmatic paresis in a neonate. The sternum was closed primarily, and the patient was taken back for plication of the diaphragm. At 3 years follow-up, the patient is free from complications.

As social and educational landscapes continue to change, especially around issues of inclusivity, there is an urgent need to reexamine how individuals from diverse linguistic backgrounds are perceived. Speakers are often misjudged due to listeners’ stereotypes about their social identities, resulting in biased language judgments that can limit educational and professional opportunities. Much research has demonstrated listeners’ biases toward L2-accented speech, i.e., perceiving accented utterances as less credible, less grammatical, or less acceptable for certain professional positions, due to their bias and stereotyping issues. Then, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has emerged as a viable alternative to mitigate listeners’ biased judgments. It serves as a tool for assessing L2-accented speech as well as establishing intelligibility thresholds for accented speech. It is also used to assess characteristics such as gender, age, and mood in AI facial-analysis systems. However, these AI systems or current technologies still may hold racial or accent biases. Accordingly, the current paper will discuss both human listeners’ and AI’ bias issues toward L2 speech, illustrating such phenomena in various contexts. It concludes with specific recommendations and future directions for research and pedagogical practices.

Given a symmetric monoidal category ${\mathcal C}$ with product $\sqcup $, where the neutral element for the product is an initial object, we consider the poset of $\sqcup $-complemented subobjects of a given object X. When this poset has finite height, we define decompositions and partial decompositions of X which are coherent with $\sqcup $, and order them by refinement. From these posets, we define complexes of frames and partial bases, augmented Bergman complexes and related ordered versions. We propose a unified approach to the study of their combinatorics and homotopy type, establishing various properties and relations between them. Via explicit homotopy formulas, we will be able to transfer structural properties, such as Cohen-Macaulayness.

In well-studied scenarios, the poset of $\sqcup $-complemented subobjects specializes to the poset of free factors of a free group, the subspace poset of a vector space, the poset of nondegenerate subspaces of a vector space with a nondegenerate form, and the lattice of flats of a matroid. The decomposition and partial decomposition posets, the complex of frames and partial bases together with the ordered versions, either coincide with well-known structures, generalize them, or yield new interesting objects. In these particular cases, we provide new results along with open questions and conjectures.

While virtually all academics who study human ‘race’ agree that it is a social construct, members of the general public still commonly regard ‘race’ as a biological property (i.e., they think that ‘races’ are genetically distinct). Even though empirical data from genetics and other fields do not support biological conceptions of race, this erroneous viewpoint is widely held, suggesting that there are impediments to effective communication of the relevant science. Here, we suggest five such impediments: (1) belief in genetic determinism, together with an over-reliance on an essentialist view of human groups, (2) overly simplistic interpretation of biological inheritance, (3) belief in the naturalistic fallacy and the associated naturalization of non-biological variation among racialized groups, (4) failure of the academic and educational communities to take responsibility for teaching the science of ‘race’ and racism, and (5) apologism towards racist founders of academic fields, including the evolutionary sciences. We address how and why each of these factors supports the spread of racism and suggest strategies for containing this spread.

Legacy collections frequently originate from Indigenous archaeological sites with extensive histories of investigation and removal by numerous institutions and individuals. These “split” collections complicate institutional compliance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA; 25 U.S.C. § 3001-13) , in part by hindering the identification of cultural items, including associated and unassociated funerary objects. In aligning with the spirit of NAGPRA and following guidance received during consultation with Tribal Nations, institutional NAGPRA practitioners strive to repatriate the Ancestors removed from these locations whole, both in body and cultural items, facilitating a respectful return to living communities. Moreover, collaborating across institutions and in coordination with Tribal Nations has the potential both to lessen the burden on Tribal Nations and minimize repetitive trauma brought about by multiple repatriations of Ancestors and cultural items from the same site. Accomplishment of this repatriation goal often requires cross-institutional collaboration to reconcile these legacy “split collections.” In this article, we present the roadmap developed and used by the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh and the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee for repatriation with split collections, with some considerations for fruitful interinstitutional collaboration.