This study aimed to examine the relationship between FGF19 and depressive symptoms, measured by BDI scores and investigate the moderating role of smoking.

This study involved 156 Chinese adult males (78 smokers and 78 non-smokers) from September 2014 to January 2016. The severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the BDI scores. Spearman rank correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between CSF FGF19 levels and BDI scores. Additionally, moderation and simple slope analyses were applied to assess the moderating effect of smoking on the relationship between the two.

FGF19 levels were significantly associated with BDI scores across all participants (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). Smokers had higher CSF FGF19 levels and BDI scores compared to non-smokers (445.9 ± 272.7 pg/ml vs 229.6 ± 162.7 pg/ml, p < 0.001; 2.7 ± 3.0 vs 1.3 ± 2.4, p < 0.001). CSF FGF19 levels were positively associated with BDI scores in non-smokers (r = 0.27, p = 0.015), but no similar association was found among smokers (r = -0.11, p = 0.32). Linear regression revealed a positive correlation between FGF19 and BDI scores (β = 0.173, t = 2.161, 95% CI: 0.015- 0.331, p < 0.05), which was negatively impacted by smoking (β = -0.873, t = -4.644, 95% CI: -1.244 to -0.501, p < 0.001).

These results highlight the potential role of FGF19 in individuals at risk for presence of or further development of depressive symptoms and underscore the importance of considering smoking status when examining this association.

Parental psychopathology is a known risk factor for child autistic-like traits. However, symptom-level associations and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

We utilized network analyses and cross-lagged panel models to investigate the specific parental psychopathology related to child autistic-like traits among 8,571 adolescents (mean age, 9.5 years at baseline), using baseline and 2-year follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Parental psychopathology was measured by the Adult Self Report, and child autistic-like traits were measured by three methods: the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) subscale, the Child Behavior Checklist ASD subscale, and the Social Responsiveness Scale. We also examined the mediating roles of family conflict and children’s functional brain connectivity at baseline.

Parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems were central symptoms and had a direct and the strongest link with child autistic-like traits in network models using baseline data. In longitudinal analyses, parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems at baseline were the only significant symptoms associated with child autistic-like traits at 2-year follow-up (β = 0.014, 95% confidence interval [0.010, 0.018], FDR q = 0.005), even accounting for children’s comorbid behavioral problems. The observed association was significantly mediated by family conflict (proportion mediated = 11.5%, p for indirect effect <0.001) and functional connectivity between the default mode and dorsal attention networks (proportion mediated = 0.7%, p for indirect effect = 0.047).

Parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems were associated with elevated autistic-like traits in offspring during adolescence.

Clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) is often managed with antipsychotic medications, but their effects on neurocognitive performance and clinical outcomes remain insufficiently explored. This study investigates the association between aripiprazole and olanzapine use and cognitive and clinical outcomes in CHR individuals, compared to those receiving no antipsychotic treatment.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 127 participants from the Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) cohort, categorized into three groups: aripiprazole, olanzapine, and no antipsychotic treatment. Neurocognitive performance was evaluated using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), while clinical symptoms were assessed through the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) at baseline, 8 weeks, and one year.

The non-medicated group demonstrated greater improvements in cognitive performance, clinical symptoms, and functional outcomes compared to the medicated groups. Among the antipsychotic groups, aripiprazole was associated with better visual learning outcomes than olanzapine. Improvements in neurocognition correlated significantly with clinical symptom relief and overall functional gains at follow-up assessments.

These findings suggest potential associations between antipsychotic use and cognitive outcomes in CHR populations while recognizing that observed differences may reflect baseline illness severity rather than medication effects alone. Aripiprazole may offer specific advantages over olanzapine, underscoring the importance of individualized risk-benefit evaluations in treatment planning. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish causality.

Internet addiction (IA) refers to excessive internet use that causes cognitive impairment or distress. Understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning IA is crucial for enabling an accurate diagnosis and informing treatment and prevention strategies. Despite the recent increase in studies examining the neurophysiological traits of IA, their findings often vary. To enhance the accuracy of identifying key neurophysiological characteristics of IA, this study used the phase lag index (PLI) and weighted PLI (WPLI) methods, which minimize volume conduction effects, to analyze the resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity. We further evaluated the reliability of the identified features for IA classification using various machine learning methods.

Ninety-two participants (42 with IA and 50 healthy controls (HCs)) were included. PLI and WPLI values for each participant were computed, and values exhibiting significant differences between the two groups were selected as features for the subsequent classification task.

Support vector machine (SVM) achieved an 83% accuracy rate using PLI features and an improved 86% accuracy rate using WPLI features. t-test results showed analogous topographical patterns for both the WPLI and PLI. Numerous connections were identified within the delta and gamma frequency bands that exhibited significant differences between the two groups, with the IA group manifesting an elevated level of phase synchronization.

Functional connectivity analysis and machine learning algorithms can jointly distinguish participants with IA from HCs based on EEG data. PLI and WPLI have substantial potential as biomarkers for identifying the neurophysiological traits of IA.

Multimorbidity, especially physical–mental multimorbidity, is an emerging global health challenge. However, the characteristics and patterns of physical–mental multimorbidity based on the diagnosis of mental disorders in Chinese adults remain unclear.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2004 to April 2005 among 13,358 adults (ages 18–65years) residing in Liaoning Province, China, to evaluate the occurrence of physical–mental multimorbidity. Mental disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (version 1.0) with reference to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd Edition Revised), while physical diseases were self-reported. Physical–mental multimorbidity was assessed based on a list of 16 physical and mental morbidities with prevalence ≥1% and was defined as the presence of one mental disorder and one physical disease. The chi-square test was used to calculate differences in the prevalence and comorbidity of different diseases between the sexes. A matrix heat map was generated of the absolute number of comorbidities for each disease. To identify complex associations and potential disease clustering patterns, a network analysis was performed, constructing a network to explore the relationships within and between various mental disorders and physical diseases.

Physical–mental multimorbidity was confirmed in 3.7% (498) of the participants, with a higher prevalence among women (4.2%, 282) than men (3.3%, 216). The top three diseases with the highest comorbidity rate and average number of comorbidities were dysphoric mood (86.3%; 2.86), social anxiety disorder (77.8%; 2.78) and major depressive disorder (77.1%; 2.53). A physical–mental multimorbidity network was visually divided into mental and physical domains. Additionally, four distinct multimorbidity patterns were identified: ‘Affective-addiction’, ‘Anxiety’, ‘Cardiometabolic’ and ‘Gastro-musculoskeletal-respiratory’, with the digestive-respiratory-musculoskeletal pattern being the most common among the total sample. The affective-addiction pattern was more prevalent in men and rural populations. The cardiometabolic pattern was more common in urban populations.

The physical–mental multimorbidity network structure and the four patterns identified in this study align with previous research, though we observed notable differences in the proportion of these patterns. These variations highlight the importance of tailored interventions that address specific multimorbidity patterns while maintaining broader applicability to diverse populations.

Patients with chronic insomnia are characterized by alterations in default mode network and alpha oscillations, for which the medial parietal cortex (MPC) is a key node and thus a potential target for interventions.

Fifty-six adults with chronic insomnia were randomly assigned to 2 mA, alpha-frequency (10 Hz), 30 min active or sham transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied over the MPC for 10 sessions completed within two weeks, followed by 4- and 6-week visits. The connectivity of the dorsal and ventral posterior cingulate cortex (vPCC) was calculated based on resting functional MRI.

For the primary outcome, the active group showed a higher response rate (≥ 50% reduction in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) at week 6 than that of the sham group (71.4% versus 3.6%) (risk ratio 20.0, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 139.0, p = 0.0025). For the secondary outcomes, the active therapy induced greater and sustained improvements (versus sham) in the PSQI, depression (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), and cognitive deficits (Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression) scores. The response rates in the active group decreased at weeks 8–14 (42.9%–57.1%). Improvement in sleep was associated with connectivity between the vPCC and the superior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobe, whereas vPCC-to-middle frontal gyrus connectivity was associated with cognitive benefits and vPCC-to-ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity was associated with alleviation in rumination.

Targeting the MPC with alpha-tACS appears to be an effective treatment for chronic insomnia, and vPCC connectivity represents a prognostic marker of treatment outcome.

To summarise the characteristics and postoperative outcomes in paediatric patients with coronary sinus septal defect.

This retrospective study recruited paediatric patients diagnosed with coronary sinus septal defect from the Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute between 2011 and 2023. Clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes were collected from electronic health records.

Among the 68 patients, 50% were male, with a median age of 1.0 years. Four cases (5.9%) were diagnosed during the prenatal period. The proportions of patients with type I, II, III, and IV coronary sinus septal defect were 51.5%, 5.9%, 16.1%, and 26.5%, respectively. The most common coexisting cardiac anomalies were persistent left superior caval vein. Twenty-seven cases were either missed or misdiagnosed by echocardiogram, accounting for 39.7% of the overall cases, with type I being the most frequently missed diagnosis. Fifty-four patients underwent surgery, two patients received transcutaneous intervention, while the remaining patients did not undergo any surgery or intervention. At follow-up, two patients with type I coronary sinus septal defect died from multiorgan dysfunction, and one patient underwent reoperation due to narrowing of the extracardiac tunnel. The remaining patients did not experience any major events and recovered well.

Paediatric patients with coronary sinus septal defect often do not exhibit specific clinical manifestations. Enhancing our understanding of the anatomic and haemodynamic characteristics of coronary sinus septal defect can improve the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiography. If diagnosis is suspected, confirmation can be obtained by cardiac CT and cardiac magnetic resonance. Accurate preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis of coronary sinus septal defect contributes to high surgical success rates and favourable treatment outcomes.

The emotion regulation network (ERN) in the brain provides a framework for understanding the neuropathology of affective disorders. Although previous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neurobiological correlates of the ERN in major depressive disorder (MDD), whether patients with MDD exhibit abnormal functional connectivity (FC) patterns in the ERN and whether the abnormal FC in the ERN can serve as a therapeutic response signature remain unclear.

A large functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset comprising 709 patients with MDD and 725 healthy controls (HCs) recruited across five sites was analyzed. Using a seed-based FC approach, we first investigated the group differences in whole-brain resting-state FC of the 14 ERN seeds between participants with and without MDD. Furthermore, an independent sample (45 MDD patients) was used to evaluate the relationship between the aforementioned abnormal FC in the ERN and symptom improvement after 8 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy.

Compared to the HCs, patients with MDD exhibited aberrant FC between 7 ERN seeds and several cortical and subcortical areas, including the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, bilateral occipital gyrus, right thalamus, calcarine cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and the bilateral superior temporal gyrus. In an independent sample, these aberrant FCs in the ERN were negatively correlated with the reduction rate of the HAMD17 score among MDD patients.

These results might extend our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings underlying unadaptable or inflexible emotional processing in MDD patients and help to elucidate the mechanisms of therapeutic response.