Recent changes to US research funding are having far-reaching consequences that imperil the integrity of science and the provision of care to vulnerable populations. Resisting these changes, the BJPsych Portfolio reaffirms its commitment to publishing mental science and advancing psychiatric knowledge that improves the mental health of one and all.

Like all catastrophes, 3.11 generated pain and imagination, heroes and villains. Political entrepreneurs with motivation and resources were quick to do battle for control of the event. They spun narrative explanations for the tragedy across a broad horizon of meanings and values, all conforming to their own preexisting preferences and to what they believed would be effective with the Japanese public. Existing enemies were enemies still, but newly villainous. The stakeholders, thus rearmed, used these narratives aggressively in an effort to shift the still unformed preferences of a general public struggling to make sense of otherwise unfathomable events. But 3.11 is not alone in this respect. This chapter locates the dueling narratives of 3.11 in their historical and comparative contexts to derive guidance for understanding how disasters can be used by politicians and their allies as well as by citizens.

A fundamental pillar of science is the estimation of the effect size of associations. However, this task is sometimes difficult and error-prone. To facilitate this process, the R package metaConvert automatically calculates and flexibly converts multiple effect size measures. It applies more than 120 formulas to convert any relevant input data into Cohen’s d, Hedges’ g, mean difference, odds ratio, risk ratio, incidence rate ratio, correlation coefficient, Fisher’s r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient, variability ratio, coefficient of variation ratio, or number needed to treat. Researchers unfamiliar with R can use this software through a browser-based graphical interface (https://metaconvert.org/). We hope this suite will help researchers in the life sciences and other disciplines estimate and convert effect sizes more easily and accurately.

In the United States, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are frequently associated with healthcare encounters. From September 2021 to September 2022, 21 patients with NDM-CRE identified from urine and without healthcare exposure were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Isolates were genetically similar to healthcare-associated strains.

In November 2023, the Department of Health and Social Care published guidance, entitled ‘Baroness Hollins’ Final Report: My Heart Breaks – Solitary Confinement in Hospital Has no Therapeutic Benefit for People with a Learning Disability and Autistic People’. The report's commendable analysis of the problems and identification of the areas where practice should be improved is unfortunately not matched by many of its recommendations, which appear to be contrary to evidence-based approaches. The concerns are wide-ranging, from the use of the term ‘solitary confinement’ for current long-term segregation (LTS) and seclusion, to presumption that all LTS and seclusion is bad, to holding clinicians (mainly psychiatrists) responsible for events beyond their locus of control. Importantly, there is a no guidance on how to practically deliver the recommendations in an evidence-based manner. This Feature critically appraises the report, to provide a comprehensive summary outlining potential positive impacts, identifying specific concerns and reflecting on best practice going forward.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is a need to better understand how governments develop strategies to adopt, evaluate, and implement novel health technologies in a public healthcare system. The goal of this project is to understand this strategy development process for the translation of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing in Ontario, Canada. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This observational case study of the Ontario Health PGx Working Group focused on developing recommendations for a PGx testing implementation strategy in the province. The group included 9 individuals affiliated with Ontario Health and 13 healthcare experts from multiple clinical fields. Ontario Health is the government agency that oversees provincial healthcare planning and service delivery. Guided by the Translational Thinking Framework and qualitative research methods, we observed the working group’s activities for eight months. We collected meeting recordings, slideshow decks, emails, and group characteristics. We used descriptive statistics and a nine-step inductive approach to analyze the data to create process maps, a case report, and key decision summaries. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There were 19 meetings conducted remotely with videoconferencing technology. Throughout the working group’s activities, we identified 15 key decisions related to either administrative processes or PGx scientific content. We further stratified these two categories into four main themes relating to decisions about 1) membership involvement, 2) logistical management, 3) discussion and recommendation scope, and 4) information dissemination. These four decision themes represent tools by which Ontario Health guided the expert group activities and achieved their goal of generating a strategic roadmap for PGx testing implementation in Ontario. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The Ontario government makes decisions about how expert groups function by monitoring and controlling the group’s activities to ensure efficiency, standardization, and practicality. Describing expert group decision-making increases transparency and highlights the critical role they play in the translational pathway of health technologies.

In situ elemental imaging of planetary surface regolith at a spatial resolution of 100s to 1000s of microns can provide evidence of the provenance of rocks or sediments and their habitability, and can identify post-depositional diagenetic alteration affecting preservation. We use high-resolution elemental maps and XRF spectra from MapX, a flight prototype in situ X-ray imaging instrument, to demonstrate this technology in rock types relevant to astrobiology. Examples are given for various petrologies and depositional/diagenetic environments, including ultramafic/mafic rocks, serpentinites, hydrothermal carbonates, evaporites, stromatolitic cherts and diagenetic concretions.

Developed by THE GERONTOLOGIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA

Supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Avanir

• The prevalence of agitation in Alzheimer’s Disease (AAD) approaches 80%. Patients with AAD have more severe behavioral,depressive, and frontal lobe symptoms and are at increased risk for hospitalization and nursing home placement.

• Early agitation is a robust predictor of accelerated progression and mortality and is distressing and dangerous for patients and care partners.

• This presentation was recently developed by the Gerontologic Society of America (GSA) which convened an expert AD Working Group to develop a “Decision Tree” for healthcare providers relative to the assessment of AAD and the employment of Non-Pharmacologic and Pharmacologic treatment options

Germplasm characterization and evaluation are essential for the genetic improvement of crops. In this study, a collection of 204 groundnut accessions including 13 checks held by Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Ghana were evaluated under optimal conditions for 2 years. The objectives were to characterize the groundnut collection using 18 qualitative and 14 quantitative traits and to determine the relationships between the traits. Combined analysis of variance based on augmented design revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the accessions for majority of the traits. Results of principal component analysis showed that all the quantitative traits were relevant in discriminating the accessions. Primary seed colour was the most diverse qualitative trait based on Shannon diversity index (n = 0.77). Frequency distribution analysis showed predominance of decumbent growth habit and pale tan seeds. Cluster analysis using qualitative traits identified five major groups of accessions and three each based on quantitative traits and joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative traits. Number of main branches (NMB) and pod width (PW) appeared the most important traits with positive contribution to yield based on correlation and path coefficient analysis. Ten promising trait-specific accessions were identified for earliness along with desirable pod and seed traits. GH 9672 and GH 9665 were identified as promising for higher grain and fodder yield. Five accessions (GH 9833, GH 9829, GH 9830, GH 9835 and GH 9750) produced ~5–30% more grain yield than the best check. This study underscored ample phenotypic variation that would ultimately be exploited for genetic improvement of groundnut.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is a need for high-quality and efficient translation of health technologies in the Ontario healthcare system. The goal of this project is to understand the decision-making processes of government expert groups developing recommendations for the system-level implementation of pharmacogenomic testing. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This prospective observational case study includes the Ontario Health Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Working Group focused on developing recommendations for a PGx testing implementation strategy in the province. Ontario Health is the government agency that oversees provincial healthcare planning and service delivery. Using qualitative ethnographic methods, we will observe and document the working group’s activities over a 10-month period. Data collection involves meeting recordings, correspondences, researcher field notes, decision-making processes, and group characteristics. Using descriptive statistics and inductive qualitative analyses, the data will be examined to build theory and frameworks for knowledge translation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The results will be presented through a case report, process maps, decision milestones, visualizations, and procedural recommendations for future expert groups. This study will contribute to the body of foundational knowledge about translational sciences and support the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences’guiding principles. To enhance translational processes and train the future translational workforce, this research can be used for educational initiatives. In addition, the observed processes will inform a theory about how expert recommendations are developed in public healthcare systems. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This research addresses a current gap in understanding around translational processes, government decision-making, and the development of recommendations for the adoption, implementation, and dissemination of the novel health technologies transforming public healthcare in Canada.