This chapter calls attention to the violence of everyday life in the Roman world as the backdrop to the more extraordinary violence of war. Drawing specifically on archaeology, which is poorly equipped, it is argued, to reveal war violence but well situated to reveal the unusual volatility of living in the Roman world, it describes the ordinary upheavals of daily life. In particular, it examines the archaeological evidence for volatility in domestic circumstances, in how one made a living, and the physical trauma experienced by working bodies.

Blunt and penetrating trauma are common in many disasters, including hurricanes. Injured patients can present to the hospital during the event or up to several days after. Patients often present with lacerations and abrasions, but well-appearing patients still require a thorough physical exam and appropriate imaging with necessary consults. During disasters, patients can overwhelm the hospital and traditional imaging modalities (CTs); therefore, ultrasound can assist in patient triage and diagnoses during these times while accelerating patient care.

Which class of psychotropic medications is FDA approved for borderline personality disorder (BPD)?

This response provides two examples for which an understanding of the biology of stress has informed approaches to supporting children. In the first, educators at the University of Cambridge Primary School are trained to view children’s behavior as a reflection of their needs and to utilise a variety of support strategies, including coaching, non-violent communication, careful language choices and emotional health education. In the second, the Yoga Story Time project, implemented in an at-risk school in Sicily, aimed to support the well-being of children who had experienced trauma. Through interactive storytelling, creative activities and yoga poses, the project sought to improve children’s communication skills, emotional regulation and social interaction.

In this chapter, the intersection of systemic inequality, oppression, and trauma are explored. We outline outlines the deep historical and contemporary roots of oppression and trauma, explores the multifaceted impact on individuals and communities, and suggests practical strategies for dismantling these systems, all with an eye toward long-term healing and justice.

Creative engagement with the Arthurian myth has been prolific in the modern period and shows no sign of abating. This chapter provides a panoramic shot, an overview of how and where the Arthurian myth surfaces in texts in English in Great Britain and Ireland from 1920 to the present. Additionally, it provides close-ups, more detailed readings of selected works that capture the critical concerns of modern artists and their audiences, foregrounding especially trauma and the impacts of war and industrialised culture; expressions of the interconnectedness between all living things, often in response to contextual ecopolitical crises; and human interactions, including tragic relationships and empowering female networks. The discussion breaks materials into broad categories that are loosely determined by form – poetry, prose and drama – and moves between foundational works and newer narratives. Where possible, the discussion foregrounds Arthuriana that has previously received little or no attention, especially works by women.

This chapter explores the evolving depiction of the Land of Israel in Hebrew poetry, reflecting the creation of modern Hebrew culture. It contrasts ancient expressions of longing for Zion with the transformed image of Israel as a tangible landscape. The chapter examines how poets from various Zionist immigration periods depicted their encounters with the land, ranging from messianic ecstasy to realistic sobriety. Each era produced poets who articulated their complex experiences, as exemplified by Noah Stern’s poem “Smells” (1935), which captures the blend of hallucinations, disappointments, tortures, pleasures, closeness, and alienation. Each poem is a new chapter in the ongoing narrative of encountering the land.

Chapter 3 considers the self-help of time management, productivity, and creative timeflow in conversation with the work of Tao Lin and Myriam Gurba. First, I examine Lin’s autofictional novels, especially Taipei (2013), exploring how his relationship with time management evolves through ideas of micromanaged self-control, a self-tracking ‘virtual self’, and psychedelic, aleatory, and New Age temporalities. Then, by attending to Gurba’s memoir, Mean (2017), as well as the self-help advice podcast she co-hosted, I look at how her sense of therapeutic ‘trauma time’ and queer Chicanx asynchronic time combine to produce a form of ‘writer’s block’ that challenges the notion of literary production as a rational activity. The chapter argues that both authors play with diverse self-help discourses to explore agency and control in the processes of writing and life, illuminating broader tensions in contemporary culture between ideas of writers as disciplined, entrepreneurial craftspeople or as recalcitrant, romantic artists.

This chapter takes a new look at Ennius’ Andromacha and particularly at her self-description as arce et urbe orba sum (23 TrRF II). Scholarship has well explicated how the formulaic words arce et urbe characterize Andromacha, to quote Jocelyn, as “a stateless person in terms of Roman law” (Jocelyn 1967). But scholarly focus on the religious formula has obscured the equally poignant allusion encoded in her choice of verb. Orbus is a word whose primary definition is of a child deprived of their parents or, conversely, of a parent who has lost a child. This chapter explores how Ennius boldly harnesses these familial connotations to create an arresting metaphor that totalizes Andromache’s loss. In doing so, he subtly genders Andromacha’s meditation on the loss of her recent past as well as significantly prefiguring the greater loss that the audience (but not yet Andromacha) knows is coming by the tragedy’s end, the tossing of Astyanax from the arx of Troy.

In Chapter 5, I examine how four Pittsburgh Courier writers – Julia Bumry Jones, Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Blanche Taylor Dickinson, and Zora Neale Hurston – code the cabaret flapper’s “sexual spending” within both the ideology of “race motherhood” and what Erin Chapman describes as the “sex-race marketplace.” The Courier’s typical cabaret flapper indulges – in fashion, alcohol, and sexual conquests – even as she must “sell” herself to sustain her rate of consumption. These writers present the Black flapper as threatening the New Negro Man, and by extension the race due to her “wasteful” excesses and dysgenic spending, and affirm the flapper’s foil: a reconceived version of the “race mother” – modern, urban, resilient but pragmatically more conservative versions of the New Negro Woman. With help from Old Negro maternal figures, these New Negro Women fix their flawed relationships or marriages and develop more companionate unions. Refusing to indulge in the shaming of the Black light-skinned elite respectable New Negro Woman, these Old Negro mammy or auntie figures do not represent the race as “progressive and race conscious” modern New Negro mothers, but, rather, they nurture and console the Black female protagonist suffering some form of trauma associated with the Great Migration.

Childhood is an important time for cognitive development, during which time many factors can influence the development of complex functions like decision-making. The relationship between the HPA axis and stress reactions is of particular relevance in the development of decision-making. Fear signals activate the HPA axis, which results in cortisol production. Cortisol acts with adrenaline to form memories associated with emotional responses. This system develops early on and is dependent on exposure to stressful situations. Over activation during development, such as in cases of overexposure to stress, can result in elevated cortisol. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are understood to impact a range of cognitive function; however, the relationship between negative childhood experiences and decision-making is not a linear one; research is ongoing to unravel the complexities of this relationship.

Social psychiatry focuses on the interpersonal and cultural contexts of mental disorder and mental wellbeing. Research in this area examines the relationship between psychiatric disorders and the social environment. This includes the consequences of positive or negative life events at the individual level, as well as broader themes – such as discrimination and inequality - at the societal level. This chapter aims to illustrate how research in social psychiatry has advanced our understanding of the role of social factors in the aetiology and management of mental disorders. We provide breakdowns of six high-impact research studies including summaries of background, methods, results, conclusions, strengths, and limitations. In addition, we provide some information about common pitfalls and methodological considerations that are specifically relevant to social psychiatry for novice researchers in this area, and our thoughts regarding future challenges and opportunities in this field.