This chapter synthesizes the known examples of skeletal paleopathology in Neandertals including nonspecific stress indicators (mainly dental enamel hypoplasias), oral pathology (periodontal disease, caries, and tooth loss), osteoarthritis, trauma, infections and inflammations, neoplasms, and congenital disorders. Frequencies of lesions can be assessed for the dental/oral pathologies based on their larger sample sizes, but the other examples are predominately individual cases. Issues of the “osteological paradox,” mortality profiles, taphonomy, burial versus incidental preservation, and behavior must also be weighed when attempting to reconstruct aspects of Neandertal health and trauma from bony and dental lesions. Considering these skeletal pathologies together provides an indication of the levels of risk and general health experienced during the Middle Paleolithic as well as the larger biosocial implications of a foraging subsistence strategy in the Pleistocene. Overall, these abnormalities are not unique to Neandertals and reflect larger hunter-gatherer skeletal biology patterns.

A fundamental dilemma in both the radiology reading room as well as the courtroom is whether a potential abusive head or spinal injury may be mistaken for other entities – both pathological processes and also normal anatomical or physiological variants.

A number of differential diagnoses, or mimics, for abusive head trauma may be apparent radiologically, but many may not be. Striving to achieve a medical “diagnosis” of an abusive injury requires the interplay between the radiologist and numerous other clinical specialties. The wide differentials which we discuss include accidental trauma, coagulopathies – both congenital and acquired, metabolic disorders, sepsis and vascular malformations, with all needing to be excluded before reaching a conclusion of nonaccidental trauma.

The experienced radiologist and clinician working in the challenging field of child protection also recognises that it is not always possible to reach a clear-cut decision and learning to communicate levels of uncertainty is essential. Part of this process is to always be alert to diagnostic mimics that may mislead the inexperienced and unwary.

Whether taken as literal phenomena or as loose semantic suggestions, ghosts make their mark on virtually every piece of Bowen’s writing. This chapter focuses on the more suggestive ghostliness that spans her oeuvre by way of the threat and realities of a haunting dispossession. Her treatment of dispossession uncannily exposes a relation between the social and the physical or the public and the private. Embodied, subjectively lived experience conjoins with the forces of history, ideas, and conventions. In forging these relationships, the always unsettling crises of modern dispossession at the heart of Bowen’s work articulate her astute theory of historical change and the problem of historical accountability in the aftermath of traumatic events. This essay proposes two ideas – claustrophobia and flight – for thinking about ghostly dispossession in her short stories and novels. The unviable past makes itself known through an unsettling claustrophobia, and those who have been dispossessed and find no workable alternative haunt in their turn, projecting ghostliness into the future via the urge to flee. No one escapes the effects of dispossession, making it, for Bowen, the condition of twentieth-century modernity.

This chapter calls attention to the violence of everyday life in the Roman world as the backdrop to the more extraordinary violence of war. Drawing specifically on archaeology, which is poorly equipped, it is argued, to reveal war violence but well situated to reveal the unusual volatility of living in the Roman world, it describes the ordinary upheavals of daily life. In particular, it examines the archaeological evidence for volatility in domestic circumstances, in how one made a living, and the physical trauma experienced by working bodies.

Blunt and penetrating trauma are common in many disasters, including hurricanes. Injured patients can present to the hospital during the event or up to several days after. Patients often present with lacerations and abrasions, but well-appearing patients still require a thorough physical exam and appropriate imaging with necessary consults. During disasters, patients can overwhelm the hospital and traditional imaging modalities (CTs); therefore, ultrasound can assist in patient triage and diagnoses during these times while accelerating patient care.

Which class of psychotropic medications is FDA approved for borderline personality disorder (BPD)?

This response provides two examples for which an understanding of the biology of stress has informed approaches to supporting children. In the first, educators at the University of Cambridge Primary School are trained to view children’s behavior as a reflection of their needs and to utilise a variety of support strategies, including coaching, non-violent communication, careful language choices and emotional health education. In the second, the Yoga Story Time project, implemented in an at-risk school in Sicily, aimed to support the well-being of children who had experienced trauma. Through interactive storytelling, creative activities and yoga poses, the project sought to improve children’s communication skills, emotional regulation and social interaction.

In this chapter, the intersection of systemic inequality, oppression, and trauma are explored. We outline outlines the deep historical and contemporary roots of oppression and trauma, explores the multifaceted impact on individuals and communities, and suggests practical strategies for dismantling these systems, all with an eye toward long-term healing and justice.

Creative engagement with the Arthurian myth has been prolific in the modern period and shows no sign of abating. This chapter provides a panoramic shot, an overview of how and where the Arthurian myth surfaces in texts in English in Great Britain and Ireland from 1920 to the present. Additionally, it provides close-ups, more detailed readings of selected works that capture the critical concerns of modern artists and their audiences, foregrounding especially trauma and the impacts of war and industrialised culture; expressions of the interconnectedness between all living things, often in response to contextual ecopolitical crises; and human interactions, including tragic relationships and empowering female networks. The discussion breaks materials into broad categories that are loosely determined by form – poetry, prose and drama – and moves between foundational works and newer narratives. Where possible, the discussion foregrounds Arthuriana that has previously received little or no attention, especially works by women.

A substantial portion of adult health is programmed in the first 1,000 days after conception. Birthweight is a good indicator of fetal development. Low birthweight leads to compromised neural development. Preconception stresses have health impacts, as do prenatal ones. Natural experiments have demonstrated the adverse health impacts of various early-life stresses. Secure infant attachment to caregivers, with much global variation, leads to salutary health outcomes. Trauma or abuse in early life leads to many health compromises. Stress causes much chronic pain in the US, leading to people there consuming most of the world’s opioids. Beneficial posttraumatic growth may occur. Poverty policies affecting early life lead to adverse adult health outcomes

This chapter explores the evolving depiction of the Land of Israel in Hebrew poetry, reflecting the creation of modern Hebrew culture. It contrasts ancient expressions of longing for Zion with the transformed image of Israel as a tangible landscape. The chapter examines how poets from various Zionist immigration periods depicted their encounters with the land, ranging from messianic ecstasy to realistic sobriety. Each era produced poets who articulated their complex experiences, as exemplified by Noah Stern’s poem “Smells” (1935), which captures the blend of hallucinations, disappointments, tortures, pleasures, closeness, and alienation. Each poem is a new chapter in the ongoing narrative of encountering the land.